CN111796075A - Terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution - Google Patents
Terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a terrace-shaped device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution, which comprises a plurality of experimental soil tanks and a plurality of lifting devices, wherein the experimental soil tanks are arranged in a ladder shape from top to bottom, every two adjacent experimental soil tanks are closely adjacent to each other to prevent water leakage, the bottom of each experimental soil tank is provided with at least two lifting devices, the lifting devices are used for driving the experimental soil tanks to move up and down, and a first screen plate and a second screen plate are arranged in each experimental soil tank. The device for simulating water and soil loss and non-point source pollution of the slope surface with the terrace structure can simulate the terrace with any slope and slope type, and can simultaneously research the process of the terrace structure on surface runoff, soil interflow and nutrient loss, the influence and mechanism of soil erosion, greatly shorten the research period and reduce the scientific research investment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil conservation monitoring, in particular to a terrace-shaped device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution.
Background
Soil erosion and non-point source pollution are important ecological environmental problems in mountainous areas and pose serious threats to the sustainable development of the mountainous areas. The slope farmland is used as an important source land for water and soil loss and non-point source pollution, is a key area for key treatment of water and soil loss and non-point source pollution, and the water and soil loss and the non-point source pollution of the mountain slope farmland can be effectively controlled by water and soil conservation measures such as changing slopes into ladders and the like. Because the traditional experimental device for field monitoring and indoor simulation of water and soil loss and non-point source pollution is lack of corresponding experimental devices, and the simulation objects of water and soil loss and non-point source pollution are almost straight slopes, the characteristics of water and soil loss and non-point source pollution of terraces with wide area distribution are difficult to quantitatively analyze, the micro mechanism of water and soil conservation and nutrient loss interception of the terraces cannot be scientifically disclosed, and the mechanism of the soil conservation and nutrient interception function of the terraces is not well known. Therefore, by designing a freely combined multi-stage terrace simulation system with variable gradient (gradient of variable terrace bank and gradient of variable table top) and variable soil thickness, the microscopic mechanism of soil erosion and surface source pollution under the influence of slope configuration is revealed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an experimental device for simulating terrace water and soil loss and non-point source pollution, which can realize indoor simulation of any combination of different terrace stages, terrace sill slopes, terrace table slope and terrace soil thickness, and meet the simulation of various terrace slope hydrology (surface runoff, soil medium flow), nutrient loss and soil erosion processes.
The invention is realized by the following technical means:
the invention relates to a terrace-shaped slope surface water and soil loss and surface source pollution simulating device which comprises a plurality of experimental soil tanks and a plurality of lifting devices, wherein the experimental soil tanks and the lifting devices are arranged from top to bottom in a ladder-shaped manner, every two adjacent experimental soil tanks are closely adjacent, the bottom of each experimental soil tank is provided with at least two lifting devices for adjusting the gradient of the bottom of the experimental soil tank, the lifting devices are used for driving the experimental soil tanks to move up and down, a first screen plate and a second screen plate are arranged in the experimental soil tanks, the first screen plate is obliquely arranged at the bottom of the experimental soil tanks, the right sides of the experimental soil tanks are open, the second screen plate is vertically arranged at the right side openings of the experimental soil tanks, the upper parts of the second screen plates are inclined towards the inner sides of the experimental soil tanks, the gradient of the second screen plates can be adjusted, and the first screen plate and the second screen plate are used for.
Further, the mesh department of face is provided with soil interception part on the first otter board, soil interception part is including keeping off the native board and keeping off the native cap, keep off the native board and enclose at least one mesh in the centre, keep off the native cap and detain the regional top that the native board encloses, keep off and leave the gap between the lower part of native cap and the fender board, it has downwardly extending's flange to keep off the native cap, it is inboard that the native board is located keeps off native cap flange, keep off the flange bottom of native cap and first otter board on between the face and all leave the gap between the flange inside wall of native cap and the fender board.
Further, the first screen plate is high at the left and low at the right, and the first screen plate further comprises an inclination angle adjusting device for adjusting the inclination angle of the first screen plate.
Further, the inclination angle adjusting device comprises a nut fixed at the bottom of the experimental soil tank and a screw matched with the nut, the screw is vertically arranged, the left side of the first screen plate is provided with a folded edge bent downwards, and the top of the screw is pushed between the inner side of the folded edge and the lower plate surface of the first screen plate.
Furthermore, a side ditch is arranged in each experimental soil tank and close to the left end and the right end, the side ditches between two adjacent experimental soil tanks are mutually butted, and the side ditches are made of stainless steel U-shaped grooves.
Furthermore, the device comprises a total surface runoff collecting box, a graded interflow collecting box and a graded side ditch surface runoff flow monitoring and sampling system, wherein the graded side ditch surface runoff flow monitoring and sampling system comprises a side ditch channel liquid level meter and a side ditch runoff micro sampling device, the side ditch runoff micro sampling device comprises a micro sampler, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of each experimental soil tank and is directly communicated with the graded interflow collecting box of each experimental soil tank, the total surface runoff collecting box is positioned at an opening of the experimental soil tank at the lowest side, the runoff flow is monitored in real time through the liquid level meter, and the total surface runoff water and sand sample is collected through the micro sampling device according to certain sampling time.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a terrace-shaped slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution simulating device, which comprises a plurality of experimental soil tanks and a plurality of lifting devices, wherein the experimental soil tanks and the lifting devices are arranged from top to bottom in a ladder-shaped manner, every two adjacent experimental soil tanks are closely adjacent, the bottom of each experimental soil tank is provided with at least two lifting devices for adjusting the gradient of the bottom of the experimental soil tank, the lifting devices are used for driving the experimental soil tanks to move up and down, and a first screen plate and a second screen plate are arranged in the experimental soil tanks. The terrace-shaped device for simulating water and soil loss and non-point source pollution of the slope surface can simulate outdoor slope terrain to change slope and slope type at will, and simultaneously researches the soil erosion rules of surface runoff and subsurface runoff of the slope surface, thereby greatly shortening the research period and reducing the scientific research investment.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a terrace-shaped device for simulating slope soil erosion and surface source pollution;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a terrace-shaped device for simulating water and soil loss and non-point source pollution on a slope surface;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first net plate in the terrace-shaped device for simulating slope soil erosion and water loss and non-point source pollution.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:
reference is made to the attached figure 1 of the specification to the left and right in this patent text.
As shown in fig. 1-3: the terrace-shaped slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution simulating device comprises a plurality of experimental soil tanks 1 and a plurality of lifting devices 2 which are arranged from top to bottom in a step-shaped manner, every two adjacent experimental soil tanks 1 are closely adjacent, at least two lifting devices 2 are arranged at the bottom of each experimental soil tank 1 and used for adjusting the gradient of the bottom of the experimental soil tank, the lifting devices 2 are used for driving the experimental soil tanks 1 to move up and down, the lifting devices in the embodiment adopt hydraulic telescopic cylinders which are vertically arranged, and can be replaced by pneumatic telescopic cylinders or electromagnetic telescopic cylinders, and the like, a first screen plate 3 and a second screen plate 4 are arranged in the experimental soil tanks 1, the first screen plate 3 is obliquely arranged at the bottom of the experimental soil tanks 1, the right sides of the experimental soil tanks 1 are open, the open surfaces are provided with elastic sealing strips, when the two adjacent experimental soil tanks are staggered up and down, can guarantee the leakproofness between two experiment soil box through the welt, the vertical setting of second otter board 4 is in the uncovered department in experiment soil box 1 right side, and 4 upper portions of second otter board are to the inboard slope of experiment soil box 1, first otter board 3 and second otter board 4 are used for playing the interception to the soil in the experiment soil box 1. The rainfall simulation device comprises a sprayer arranged above the experimental soil tank and a water pipe for supplying water to the sprayer, the water pipe is communicated with the water supply device, and an electromagnetic valve and a water meter are arranged on the water pipe.
Specifically, the side ditches 9 are arranged in each experimental soil tank close to the left end and the right end, the side ditches between two adjacent experimental soil tanks are in butt joint with each other, and the side ditches are made of stainless steel U-shaped grooves. Specifically, each experimental soil groove is arranged on the left and right sides, namely 8 side ditches in 4 terraces, so that runoff, sediment and nutrient processes of the terraces and the terraces are observed, and the method has important significance for revealing terraces erosion sand production and nutrient loss.
The device comprises a main surface runoff collecting box 6, a graded interflow collecting box 7 and a graded side ditch surface runoff flow monitoring and sampling system, wherein the graded side ditch surface runoff flow monitoring and sampling system comprises a side ditch channel liquid level meter and a side ditch runoff micro sampling device, the side ditch runoff micro sampling device comprises a micro sampler, a drain pipe 8 is arranged at the bottom of each experimental soil tank, the graded interflow collecting box 7 is provided with a plurality of parts, the drain pipe is directly communicated with the graded interflow collecting box 7, the infiltration amount of each soil tank can be observed after the experiment, the main surface runoff collecting box is positioned at the opening of the experimental soil tank at the lowest side, the runoff flow is monitored in real time through the liquid level meter, and the lumped surface runoff water and sand sample is collected through the micro sampling device according to a certain sampling time. Specifically, there are 2 side ditches in each grade experiment soil box both sides, installs side ditch surface runoff flow monitoring and sampling system in a side ditch department, and total surface runoff flow monitoring comprises the channel level gauge, and sampling system comprises miniature sample thief, and the sample thief has 20-30 sampling bottles.
The working principle of the terrace-shaped device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution is as follows: during the simulation experiment, as shown in the attached drawing 1 of the reference book, imitate outdoor domatic slope and topography, from a left side to the right side with a plurality of experiment soil box 1 highly turn down in proper order, splendid attire and the corresponding soil of outdoor sloping ground in experiment soil box 1, the solenoid valve is opened, make water spray experiment soil box 1 through the shower nozzle on, rainwater partly forms the side seepage water current and flows through the second otter board and freely flows out and flow into next stage experiment soil box 1 in last inflow surface runoff collection box 6, rainwater partly forms the infiltration water current and flows through first otter board and collect the underground runoff collection incasement through the drain pipe.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, a soil intercepting part is arranged at the mesh of the upper plate surface of the first net plate 3, the soil intercepting part includes a retaining plate 31 and a retaining cap 32, the retaining plate surrounds at least one mesh in the middle, the retaining cap is buckled above the region surrounded by the retaining plate, a gap is left between the lower part of the retaining cap and the retaining plate, the retaining cap has a flange 33 extending downwards, the retaining plate is located inside the flange of the retaining cap, and gaps are left between the bottom of the flange of the retaining cap and the upper plate surface of the first net plate 3 and between the inner side wall of the flange of the retaining cap and the retaining plate. By providing the soil intercepting member on the first net plate 3, only the soil dissolved in rainwater can be made to flow out from the meshes, and the soil is not made to directly leak from the meshes.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first net plate 3 is high at the left and low at the right, and further comprises an inclination angle adjusting device for adjusting an inclination angle of the first net plate 3, the inclination angle adjusting device comprises a nut fixed at the bottom of the experimental soil tank 1 and a screw 5 matched with the nut, the screw is vertically arranged, the left side of the first net plate 3 is provided with a folded edge which is bent downwards, and the top of the screw is pushed between the inner side of the folded edge and the lower plate surface of the first net plate 3. The slope type and the soil characteristics can be better simulated by adjusting the inclination angle of the first net plate 3, so that the test result is more accurate.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a domatic soil erosion and water loss of simulation of terrace structure and non-point source pollution device which characterized in that: including a plurality of experiment soil grooves and a plurality of elevating gear of from top to bottom notch cuttype range, closely adjacent between per two adjacent experiment soil grooves, every experiment soil tank bottom is provided with two at least elevating gear and is used for adjusting experiment soil tank slope, elevating gear is used for driving experiment soil tank up-and-down motion, experiment soil inslot portion sets up first otter board and second otter board, first otter board slope sets up in experiment soil inslot side bottom, the slope of first otter board is adjustable, the right side in experiment soil tank is uncovered, the vertical setting of second otter board is in experiment soil tank right side uncovered department, and second otter board upper portion can be adjusted to experiment soil tank inboard slope and second otter board slope, first otter board and second otter board are used for playing fixed and block the effect to the soil in the experiment soil tank.
2. The terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil erosion and non-point source pollution according to claim 1, wherein: the mesh department of face is provided with soil interception part on first otter board, soil interception part is including keeping off the native board and keeping off the native cap, keep off the native board and enclose at least one mesh in the centre, keep off the native cap and detain the regional top of enclosing at the native board, keep off and leave the gap between the lower part of native cap and the native board, it has downwardly extending's flange to keep off the native cap, it is inboard that the native board is located keeps off native cap flange, keep off the flange bottom of native cap and first otter board on between the face and all leave the gap between the flange inside wall of native cap and the native board.
3. The terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil erosion and non-point source pollution according to claim 2, wherein: the first screen plate is high at the left and low at the right, and the first screen plate further comprises an inclination angle adjusting device for adjusting the inclination angle of the first screen plate.
4. The terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil erosion and non-point source pollution according to claim 3, wherein: the inclination angle adjusting device comprises a nut fixed at the bottom of the experimental soil tank and a screw matched with the nut, the screw is vertically arranged, the left side of the first screen plate is provided with a folded edge bent downwards, and the top of the screw is pushed between the inner side of the folded edge and the lower plate surface of the first screen plate.
5. The terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil erosion and non-point source pollution according to claim 4, wherein: the side ditch is arranged in each experimental soil tank close to the left end and the right end, the side ditches between two adjacent experimental soil tanks are mutually butted, and the side ditches are made of stainless steel U-shaped grooves.
6. The terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil erosion and non-point source pollution according to claim 5, wherein: the device comprises a main surface runoff collecting box, a graded interflow collecting box, a graded side ditch surface runoff flow monitoring and sampling system, wherein the graded side ditch surface runoff flow monitoring and sampling system comprises a side ditch channel level meter and a side ditch runoff micro sampling device, the side ditch runoff micro sampling device comprises a micro sampler, a drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of each experimental soil tank, the drain pipe is directly communicated with the graded interflow collecting box of each experimental soil tank, the main surface runoff collecting box is positioned at an opening of the experimental soil tank at the lowest side, the runoff flow is monitored in real time through the level meter, and the lumped surface runoff water and sand sample is collected through the micro sampling device according to certain sampling time.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010765338.1A CN111796075B (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010765338.1A CN111796075B (en) | 2020-08-03 | 2020-08-03 | Terrace-structured device for simulating slope surface water and soil loss and non-point source pollution |
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| CN111796075B CN111796075B (en) | 2023-03-28 |
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