CN111777452A - Sheep manure composting method - Google Patents
Sheep manure composting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111777452A CN111777452A CN202010595930.1A CN202010595930A CN111777452A CN 111777452 A CN111777452 A CN 111777452A CN 202010595930 A CN202010595930 A CN 202010595930A CN 111777452 A CN111777452 A CN 111777452A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/10—Addition or removal of substances other than water or air to or from the material during the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for composting sheep manure, belonging to the technical field of agriculture, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) adding agricultural plant enzyme and expanded perlite into sheep manure to obtain a mixture; (2) and (3) regulating the water content of the mixture to 60-70 wt%, and then starting composting, and finishing composting when the temperature of a pile body is 20-30 ℃. The sheep manure composting method provided by the invention is mainly used in the field of agriculture, and agricultural plant enzyme and expanded perlite are added in the method, and the synergistic effect of the agricultural plant enzyme and the expanded perlite promotes nitrogen preservation of the compost, so that the nitrogen loss is greatly reduced, the high-temperature period time is prolonged, and the compost can be fully decomposed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for composting sheep manure.
Background
The sheep manure is rich in nutrient substances such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and is fermented singly or mixed with straws to be co-fermented into the nutrient-rich organic fertilizer by adopting a high-temperature aerobic fermentation technology. However, in the current sheep manure composting process, the nitrogen loss in the sheep manure compost is serious due to the excessively low carbon-nitrogen ratio of the sheep manure, and the application and popularization of compost products are seriously limited.
In the prior art, the reduction of the nitrogen loss of the compost is mainly realized by an ex-situ nitrogen retention technology or an in-situ nitrogen retention technology. The ectopic nitrogen-retaining technology is mainly used for recycling the ammonia gas generated in the composting process, but has higher cost and does not fundamentally improve the quality of the compost product. The in-situ nitrogen preservation technology optimizes the composting process technology aiming at the specific reasons causing nitrogen loss, and can adjust the material composition of the compost by adding an external additive, for example, biological agents, ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate or biochar and the like can be added to reduce the nitrogen loss. The addition of chemical components such as calcium superphosphate and ferrous sulfate can damage the environment, inhibit the subsequent plant growth, and increase the cost. Therefore, a composting additive which is safe, environment-friendly, cheap and easy to obtain is urgently needed to solve the problem of nitrogen loss in the sheep manure compost.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for composting the sheep manure is low in cost, can effectively reduce nitrogen loss, can improve the duration of a high-temperature period of compost, and is beneficial to nitrogen fertilizer decomposition.
The invention provides a method for composting sheep manure, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural plant enzyme and expanded perlite into sheep manure to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (3) regulating the water content of the mixture to 60-70 wt%, and then starting composting, and finishing composting when the temperature of a pile body is 20-30 ℃.
Further, in the step (1), the volume fractions of the agricultural plant enzyme and the expanded perlite in the sheep manure are respectively 1-3% and 8-12%.
Further, in the step (1), the volume fractions of the agricultural plant enzyme and the expanded perlite in the sheep manure are respectively 2% and 10%.
Further, in the step (1), the agricultural plant enzyme is prepared by mixing and fermenting the fruit and vegetable wastes, sugar and water according to the mass ratio of 3:1: 10.
Further, in the step (1), the expanded perlite is screened by a screen with the size of 2-5 mm to remove fine particles, so as to obtain the expanded perlite.
Further, in the step (1), the sheep manure is air-dried and subjected to impurity removal treatment.
Further, in the step (2), after composting is started, measuring the temperature every day, and when the temperature of a pile body is higher than 50 ℃, turning the pile once every 2 days; when the temperature of the stack body is 40-50 ℃, turning the stack once every 3 days; when the temperature of the stack body is lower than 40 ℃, the stack is turned once every 7 days.
The invention has the following advantages:
according to the sheep manure composting method provided by the invention, agricultural plant enzyme and expanded perlite are added as additives, and the additive and the agricultural plant enzyme are synergistic, so that the nitrogen loss can be effectively reduced, the high-temperature period time is prolonged, and the nitrogen fertilizer decomposition is promoted.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph of the effect of composting on elevated temperature periods for examples of the invention and comparative examples;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the nitrogen loss dynamics of compost of examples and comparative examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention and the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other without conflict.
The existing research shows that in the sheep manure composting process, a large amount of ammonium ions are generated due to ammoniation, and a large amount of free NH is generated in a slightly alkaline compost body3And NH is3The continuous accumulation of ammonia results in a large amount of ammonia volatilization, resulting in the loss of compost nitrogen.
An embodiment of the invention provides a sheep manure composting method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural plant enzyme and expanded perlite into sheep manure to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (3) regulating the water content of the mixture to 60-70 wt%, and then starting composting, and finishing composting when the temperature of a pile body is 20-30 ℃.
According to the sheep manure composting method provided by the embodiment of the invention, agricultural plant enzyme and expanded perlite are added to promote nitrogen preservation of the compost under the synergistic effect. Wherein, the agricultural plant ferment contains organic acid which can react with ammonia gas to generate salt substance to be left in the pile, and the addition of the organic acid reduces the pH value of the pile, which is helpful for the pile to maintain higher ammonium ion concentration and reduce NH3And (5) discharging. The expanded perlite has adsorptivity and can adsorb a large amount of NH3Reduction of NH3And (5) discharging. In addition, due to the porosity of the expanded perlite, excellent attachment and sufficient oxygen supply can be provided for microorganisms in the ferment, the activity of the microorganisms is promoted, the fermentation time of the microorganisms in the compost is prolonged, the high-temperature period (the temperature of the compost is more than 50 ℃) of the compost is prolonged, the compost is thoroughly decomposed, and parasites and harmful bacteria in excrement can be removed.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the agricultural plant enzyme is obtained by mixing and fermenting fruit and vegetable wastes, sugar and water according to a mass ratio of 3:1: 10. In the embodiment of the invention, the agricultural plant enzyme is fermentation liquor which is obtained by fermenting plant-derived organic waste by microorganisms, and is rich in nutrient elements, active metabolites and beneficial microorganisms, wherein a large amount of organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid can adjust the pH value of compost, so that the effect of reducing the nitrogen loss of the compost is achieved. Specifically, the fruit and vegetable waste comprises inferior jujube, rotten apple or rotten pear.
In one embodiment of the present invention, in the step (1), the volume fractions of the agricultural plant enzyme and the expanded perlite in the sheep manure are 1-3% and 8-12%, respectively. Preferably, the volume fractions of the agricultural plant enzyme and the expanded perlite in the sheep manure are respectively 2% and 10%. In the sheep manure composting process, the fertilizer obtained by adding the agricultural plant enzyme with the volume fraction can meet the requirement, and meanwhile, the cost is controlled to the maximum extent.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the expanded perlite is obtained by screening the expanded perlite through a 2mm screen to remove fine particles. In the embodiment of the invention, fine particles are screened out to ensure that the added expanded perlite has better porosity and adsorbability, thereby ensuring that the expanded perlite can provide excellent attachment for microorganisms, effectively promoting ammonia absorption and improving organic matter degradation.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (1), the sheep manure is air-dried and subjected to impurity removal treatment. In the embodiment of the invention, the sheep manure is air-dried, so that the influence of the sheep manure with different moisture contents on the subsequent addition ratio of the expanded perlite and the agricultural plant enzyme can be eliminated.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), after composting is started, temperature is measured every day, when the temperature of the pile is higher than 50 ℃, the pile is turned once every 2 days, and when the temperature of the pile is 40-50 ℃, the pile is turned once every 3 days; when the temperature of the stack body is lower than 40 ℃, the stack is turned once every 7 days.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
Example 1A sheep manure composting method comprises the following steps:
(1) air-drying sheep manure for removing impurities, and then adding 2% and 10% of EFB and EP (fine powder is removed by screening through a 2mm screen) in volume fraction into the sheep manure to obtain a mixture;
(2) adjusting the water content of the mixture to 60-70 wt%, starting composting, measuring the temperature every day, turning the pile once every 2 days when the temperature of the pile is higher than 50 ℃, and turning the pile once every 3 days when the temperature of the pile is 40-50 ℃; when the temperature of the stack body is lower than 40 ℃, the stack is turned once every 7 days. And when the temperature of the pile body is 20-30 ℃, composting is completed.
Wherein the agricultural plant enzyme is prepared by mixing the inferior jujube, sugar and water according to the mass ratio of 3:1:10, and fermenting for 90 days at constant temperature of 30 ℃.
Comparative example 1The difference from example 1 is that in step (1), 10% (V: V) EP was added alone, and EFB was not added.
Comparative example 2The difference from example 1 is that 2% (V: V) EFB was added separately in step (1) and no EP was added.
Test example 1Compost effect test
(1) Effect of composting Process on high temperature period
Composting experiments were carried out with the amounts of the additives shown in Table 1 for example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2 and for the control group (without the agricultural plant enzyme EFB and without the Expanded Perlite (EP)). The time period change of the high temperature (the temperature of the pile is more than 50 ℃) period of the compost is observed, and the result is shown in figure 1.
TABLE 1 compost experimental design
As can be seen from FIG. 1, when neither EP nor EFB was added to the control CK, the high temperature period (stack temperature > 50 ℃) lasted only 8 days. In comparative example 1, only EP was added and the high temperature period lasted 13 days. In comparative example 2, the high temperature period lasted 14 days with addition of EFB alone. In example 1, the simultaneous addition of EP and EFB, which act synergistically, allowed a 15-day duration of elevated temperature. Where AT represents ambient temperature. Therefore, the problem that the high-temperature period is too short in the common sheep manure compost is solved by adding the expanded perlite and the plant enzyme into the sheep manure.
(2) Effect of composting Process on Nitrogen content of compost
Composting experiments were carried out with the amounts of addition shown in table 1 for example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 2 and for the control group (without addition of the agricultural plant enzyme EFB and without addition of the expanded perlite EP). The dynamic change of the total nitrogen content of the compost is observed by adopting a Kjeldahl method, and the result is shown in figure 2.
From FIG. 2, it can be seen that the nitrogen loss rates from CK, EP, EFB, EP + EFB to the end of composting reached 20.56%, 21.03%, 14.11% and 14.82%, respectively. From figure 2, it can be seen that the end of composting, although the final nitrogen loss rate from composting with the addition of EFB is lowest, is not the highest for the duration of high temperature (14 days) in figure 1. While with the addition of EP + EFB, the nitrogen loss rate was still higher, being only 0.71% lower than with the addition of EFB, while it was highest for the high temperature duration (15 days) of fig. 1.
In conclusion, the EP and the EFB are added simultaneously, so that the nitrogen loss can be reduced, the high-temperature period of the pile can be prolonged, and the full decomposition of the nitrogen fertilizer is facilitated.
Test example 2Cost calculation
Example 1 agricultural plant enzymes cost compared to the chemical additives commonly used in the prior art (ferrous sulfate, calcium superphosphate, sulfuric acid), if the same fertilization effect is achieved (the additive ratio corresponding to 30% reduction of nitrogen loss is selected), the cost is calculated as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Note: the fermentation substrate is derived from agricultural wastes such as fruit and vegetable residues, kitchen wastes and the like, so the cost is negligible.
From Table 2, it can be seen that the cost of the ferment and expanded perlite used in the present invention is significantly lower than the chemical and physical additives commonly used in the prior art, while achieving the same reduction in nitrogen loss in compost.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for composting sheep manure comprises the following steps:
(1) adding agricultural plant enzyme and expanded perlite into sheep manure to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (3) regulating the water content of the mixture to 60-70 wt%, and then starting composting, and finishing composting when the temperature of a pile body is 20-30 ℃.
2. The method of claim 1,
in the step (1), the volume fractions of the agricultural plant enzyme and the expanded perlite in the sheep manure are respectively 1-3% and 8-12%.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2,
in the step (1), the volume fractions of the agricultural plant enzyme and the expanded perlite in the sheep manure are respectively 2% and 10%.
4. The method of claim 1,
in the step (1), the agricultural plant enzyme is prepared by mixing and fermenting fruit and vegetable wastes, sugar and water according to the mass ratio of 3:1: 10.
5. The method of claim 1,
in the step (1), the expanded perlite is screened by a screen with the size of 2-5 mm to remove fine particles, so as to obtain the expanded perlite.
6. The method of claim 1,
in the step (1), the sheep manure is air-dried and subjected to impurity removal treatment.
7. The method of claim 1,
in the step (2), measuring the temperature every day after composting is started, and turning the pile every 2 days when the temperature of the pile is higher than 50 ℃; when the temperature of the stack body is 40-50 ℃, turning the stack once every 3 days; when the temperature of the stack body is lower than 40 ℃, the stack is turned once every 7 days.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112723920A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-04-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Silicolite-containing compost as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113135779A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-07-20 | 北京福缘地科技有限公司 | Agricultural plant enzyme for preparing compost on site in field by using livestock and poultry manure |
| CN113277895A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-20 | 魏华强 | Composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113321540A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-31 | 中国农业大学 | Method for co-composting agaricus bisporus residues and cow dung and fertilizer |
| CN116789471A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-09-22 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | Plant ferment, preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112723920A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-04-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Silicolite-containing compost as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN113277895A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-20 | 魏华强 | Composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113277895B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2022-05-06 | 哈尔滨绿洲之星生物科技有限公司 | Composite microbial organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN113321540A (en) * | 2021-07-02 | 2021-08-31 | 中国农业大学 | Method for co-composting agaricus bisporus residues and cow dung and fertilizer |
| CN116789471A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-09-22 | 宁夏农林科学院固原分院 | Plant ferment, preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20201016 |