CN111774675A - Screw repairing and disassembling system and method - Google Patents
Screw repairing and disassembling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111774675A CN111774675A CN202010530246.5A CN202010530246A CN111774675A CN 111774675 A CN111774675 A CN 111774675A CN 202010530246 A CN202010530246 A CN 202010530246A CN 111774675 A CN111774675 A CN 111774675A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23G—THREAD CUTTING; WORKING OF SCREWS, BOLT HEADS, OR NUTS, IN CONJUNCTION THEREWITH
- B23G9/00—Working screws, bolt heads, or nuts in conjunction with thread cutting, e.g. slotting screw heads or shanks, removing burrs from screw heads or shanks; Finishing, e.g. polishing, any screw-thread
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/362—Laser etching
- B23K26/364—Laser etching for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
- B25B27/14—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same
- B25B27/18—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for for assembling objects other than by press fit or detaching same withdrawing broken threaded parts or twist drills
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Abstract
The invention relates to a screw repairing and disassembling system and a screw repairing and disassembling method, which aim to solve the problems that in the prior art, the screw disassembling difficulty is high, and the disassembling process can cause local deformation of a workpiece, internal damage of the workpiece, and accuracy reduction and even scrapping of an instrument. The system comprises a laser, an air blowing device, a metal gasket, a disassembling tool and a reinforcing material, and the method for repairing and disassembling the screw by using the system comprises the following steps: 1) sleeving a metal gasket on the outer side of the screw; 2) heating the surface of the screw for the first time by using a laser, placing a strengthening material on the surface of the screw before heating, or synchronously spraying the strengthening material to a laser radiation action area during heating, so that a strengthening layer with higher hardness than that of the screw material is formed in the screw after heating is finished; 3) heating the surface of the screw for the second time by using a laser, and blowing out the molten screw material by using an air blowing device to form a disassembly groove on the surface of the screw; 4) and pressing the working head of the disassembling tool into the disassembling groove, and screwing out the screw.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of manufacturing of precision instruments, in particular to a screw repairing and disassembling system and method.
Background
Due to the fact that the screw is damaged, the screw head is damaged and the like, the screw cannot be smoothly screwed out of the instrument, and therefore the screw needs to be repaired and disassembled.
Traditional methods of repairing and removing screws are divided into non-destructive and destructive removal.
Non-destructive disassembly is divided into simple manual disassembly schemes, machining schemes and electrical discharge schemes.
Simple manual disassembly schemes include clamping the exposed portion of the screw with a clamping tool, unscrewing the screw, or dropping the doctor's glue into the screw head to increase friction, so as to unscrew the screw. However, the above method can only be used for screws with a nut, which is difficult to implement if the nut has been unscrewed. Because the exposed part of the screw for screwing off the nut is short, a clamping tool such as a pair of pliers and tweezers is difficult to have enough clamping space, so that enough disassembling torque is difficult to apply, and even if the nut exists in an actual situation, the nut can be unscrewed due to uneven force application during disassembling, so that the nut is unscrewed; the broken end of the screw left after the screw cap is unscrewed is difficult to increase enough friction force due to no stress point of the doctor glue. In addition, in order to prevent the screw from loosening in the assembly of the precision instrument, thread fastening glue is usually added between the screw and the workpiece, and as shown in fig. 1, a glue layer 03 formed by the thread fastening glue further increases the difficulty of screwing the screw 01 out of the workpiece 02.
The mechanical processing scheme is that screw materials in a threaded hole are reduced through mechanical processing means such as turning, milling, tapping and other processes, the purpose of removing is finally achieved, a good effect can be achieved for a workpiece with low precision, but for the field of precision instrument manufacturing, screw dismounting often occurs under the condition that a complete machine and a component assembly are repaired, because the surface size of a part of a precision instrument generally has strict assembly precision requirements, and a clamp used for mechanical processing can cause the conditions of local deformation of the workpiece, abrasion and scratch of the surface of the workpiece, precision reduction and the like in the using process, so that the precision of the instrument is reduced and even scrapped; in addition, metal chips are inevitably generated in the mechanical processing, and once the tiny metal chips enter the whole instrument, the precision of the instrument is reduced and even the instrument is scrapped.
The electric spark scheme is to utilize the high temperature generated by electrode discharge to cut down the screw material in the threaded hole, but the workpiece needs to be immersed in the working solution in the high temperature cutting-down process, and the working solution is immersed in the workpiece to cause the corrosion and damage of internal parts and circuits.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out expanded drilling by using a drill bit with a size slightly larger than that of a screw to be disassembled in the destructive disassembly, then re-machining a threaded hole on a workpiece by using a large-size screw tap, for example, the thread of the screw to be disassembled is M2.5, carrying out expanded drilling on a screw material and the threaded hole by using a drill bit with the size of phi 2.7, and then re-machining the threaded hole by using a screw tap with the size of M3, namely changing the original M2.5 thread into the M3 thread, for a precision instrument with strict requirements on the structure and the quality of each part, firstly, the expanded drilling process causes the problem of excessive metal chips which is the same as a mechanical machining repair method, secondly, the precision instrument has a compact structure, in order to reduce the whole weight of the instrument, the size of a part can only ensure that the screw with a certain size is installed, no redundant space is reserved for expanding the hole and installing the screw with a larger size, and finally, even if, the gravity center, the mass center and other key parameters of the instrument cause the accuracy of the instrument to be reduced or even scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of high screw disassembling difficulty, local deformation of a workpiece, internal damage of the workpiece, reduction of instrument precision and even scrapping possibly caused in the disassembling process in the repairing and disassembling method, the invention provides a screw repairing and disassembling system and a method, and the adopted technical scheme is as follows:
a screw repairing and disassembling system is characterized in that:
the device comprises a laser, an air blowing device, a metal gasket, a disassembling tool and a reinforcing material;
the laser is used for heating the surface of the screw;
the blowing device is used for blowing out the melted screw material in the heating process, so that a disassembly groove is formed on the surface of the screw;
the metal washer is sleeved on the outer side of the screw and used for protecting the surface of a workpiece where the screw is located;
the disassembly tool comprises a handle, a connecting rod and a working head which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the shape of the working head is matched with that of the disassembly groove;
the strengthening material is used for enabling the interior of the screw to form a strengthening layer which has higher hardness than the material of the screw after being heated.
Further, the reinforcing material is self-fluxing alloy powder, carbide composite powder or oxide ceramic powder.
Further, the self-fluxing alloy powder is Ni-based alloy powder, Co-based alloy powder or Fe-based alloy powder;
the carbide composite powder is Ni/WC, Co/WC, NiCr/SiC or NiCrAI/SiC powder;
the oxide ceramic powder is Cr3C2、TiN、BN、Cr2O3、Si3N4、ZnO2、CeO2Or CrB2And (3) powder.
Further, the working head comprises a soft shell and a hard inner core;
the hardness of the soft shell is lower than that of the screw material;
the hardness of the hard inner core is higher than that of the screw material.
The screw repairing and disassembling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sleeving a metal gasket on the outer side of the screw;
2) heating the surface of the screw for the first time by using a laser, placing a strengthening material on the surface of the screw before heating, or synchronously spraying the strengthening material to a laser radiation action area during heating, so that a strengthening layer with higher hardness than that of the screw material is formed in the screw after heating is finished;
3) heating the surface of the screw for the second time by using a laser, and blowing out the molten screw material by using an air blowing device to form a disassembly groove on the surface of the screw;
4) and pressing the working head of the disassembling tool into the disassembling groove, and screwing out the screw.
Further, the strengthening material in the step 2 is self-fluxing alloy powder, carbide composite powder or oxide ceramic powder.
Further, the thickness of the reinforcing material placed on the surface of the screw before heating in the step 2 is 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the screw;
and in the step 2, the powder spraying amount for synchronously spraying the reinforcing material to the laser radiation action area during heating is 0.8-1.5 mm-g/s.
Further, in the step 2, the energy of the laser beam for heating the surface of the screw for the first time by using the laser is 2.5-3.7 KW/cm2。
Further, in the step 3, the energy of the laser beam for heating the surface of the screw for the second time by using the laser is 10-15 KW/cm2。
Further, before sleeving the metal gasket on the outer side of the screw in the step 1, absorbent cotton or cotton yarn is used for dipping C2H2Cl2、C2HCl3Or cleaning the surface of the screw by alkali liquor, or heating the surface of the screw to 112-232 ℃ by using a hot air gun, and then wiping and cleaning the surface of the screw by using dry gauze.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the screw repairing and disassembling system provided by the invention is simple in structure and flexible and convenient to operate, and can be used for operating the surface of a screw on a workpiece with a complex structure, which cannot be machined by conventional machining equipment;
(2) according to the screw repairing and disassembling method provided by the invention, the disassembling groove is formed on the surface of the screw through melting by the laser, and then the working head of the disassembling tool is pressed into the disassembling groove to screw out the screw; the laser beam is not limited by the space of conventional processing equipment (a lathe, a milling machine, a drilling machine and the like), and can operate the surface of the screw on the workpiece with the complex structure, which cannot be processed by the conventional processing equipment; the laser process parameters are flexibly and conveniently adjusted, and the method is suitable for repairing and disassembling screws made of different materials;
(3) when the laser heats the surface of the screw, the strengthening material is fused into the screw to form a strengthening layer with higher hardness, so that the mechanical strength of the screw can be enhanced, the screw is prevented from being damaged by a disassembling tool, and the success rate of disassembling the screw is effectively improved;
(4) the laser instrument heats not only can make the screw surface form and dismantle the slot to the screw surface, and the heat during heating still can make glue film bonding strength descend by a wide margin through the glue film of screw conduction between screw and the work piece, and then became invalid and the fracture even, has further improved the success rate that the screw was dismantled.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a prior art screw assembled with a workpiece;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one embodiment of a screw rework disassembly system of the present invention (disassembly tool not shown);
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a disassembling tool in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a disassembling tool working head in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the removal of a trench and a strengthening layer in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of high temperature shear strength (failure curve) for the lotai 242 and lotai 272 glues;
in the figure, 01-screw, 011-disassembly groove, 012-strengthening layer, 013-spatter, 02-workpiece, 03-adhesive layer, 1-laser, 11-laser beam, 2-blowing device, 21-high-pressure gas source, 22-gas pipe, 23-gas nozzle, 3-metal gasket, 4-disassembly tool, 41-handle, 42-connecting rod, 43-working head, 431-soft shell, 432-hard inner core and 5-strengthening material.
Detailed Description
To further clarify the objects, advantages and features of the present invention, a screw rework disassembly system and method as provided by the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the screw repairing and disassembling system comprises a laser 1, an air blowing device 2, a metal gasket 3, a disassembling tool 4 and a reinforcing material 5.
The laser 1 is used to heat the surface of the screw 01. The laser 1 may be CO2A laser or a YAG laser. Wherein, CO2The laser generates laser by glow discharge excitation in the optical resonant cavity, and the main working gas is gaseous CO2Adding N2And He gas is used for improving the gain, heat-resisting efficiency and output power of the laser, the output laser wavelength is 10.8 mu m, and the quantum efficiency of the laser is not less than 27%. YAG laser uses neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet crystal as working substance, and the output laser wavelength is 1.08 μm.
The blowing device 2 is used for blowing out the melted screw material in the heating process, so that the surface of the screw 01 forms a disassembly groove 011.
The laser beam 11 acts on the surface of the screw 01 to melt the surface of the screw 01, and a portion of the melted screw material forms a splatter 013 due to the impact of the laser energy, but a portion of the melted screw material remains on the surface of the screw 01, and therefore needs to be blown out using the air blowing device 2. The blowing device 2 comprises a high-pressure air source 21, an air pipe 22 and an air nozzle 23, wherein the high-pressure air source 21 applies high-pressure air to the screw material melted on the surface of the screw 01 through the air pipe 22 and the air nozzle 23, and after the high-pressure air is blown out, a disassembly groove 011 is formed on the surface of the screw 01.
The metal washer 3 is sleeved on the outer side of the screw 01 and used for protecting the surface of the workpiece 02 where the screw 01 is located and preventing the workpiece 02 from being damaged by the splashed object 013 and the blown screw material.
The disassembling tool 4 comprises a handle 41, a connecting rod 42 and a working head 43 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the shape of the working head 43 is matched with that of the disassembling groove 011. The working head 43 comprises a soft outer shell 431 and a hard inner core 432, wherein the hardness of the soft outer shell 431 is lower than that of the screw material and can be made of materials such as iron or copper, and the hardness of the hard inner core 432 is higher than that of the screw material and can be made of materials such as hardened and tempered steel or alloy steel. When the tool is used, the working head 43 of the disassembling tool 4 is pressed into the disassembling groove 011, and then the handle 41 is rotated to screw out the screw 01.
The reinforcing material 5 is used to form a reinforcing layer 012 having a higher hardness than the screw material inside the screw 01 after heating, so as to improve the mechanical strength of the screw 01. The reinforcing material 5 is a self-fluxing alloy powder, a carbide composite powder or an oxide ceramic powder.
Wherein the self-fluxing alloy powder is Ni-based alloy powder (B)4C composite powder, Ni60 alloy powder or Ni60-CeO2Powder), Co-based alloy powder or Fe-based alloy powder, and further, Y is added to Ni-based alloy powder2O3Can further improve the strengthening effect of the strengthening layer 012, and 5 percent of La is added into the Fe-based alloy powder2O3The reinforcing effect of the reinforcing layer 012 can be further improved.
The carbide composite powder is powder consisting of a carbide hard phase and an alloy as a binding phase, and is specifically Ni/WC, Co/WC, NiCr/SiC or NiCrAI/SiC powder.
The oxide ceramic powder is specifically Cr3C2、TiN、BN、Cr2O3、Si3N4、ZnO2、CeO2Or CrB2And (3) powder.
When the laser 1 heats the surface of the screw 01, elements such as N, C, Ti, Cr, W, Ni and the like are infiltrated or fixedly melted in the screw material, the generated alloy nitride (carbide) prevents austenite grains from growing, the martensite structure is promoted to be refined in rapid condensation, and simultaneously [ N ] generated by plasmatization of medium gas in the heating process is saturated in the surface layer of the screw material, so that the mechanical property of the screw 01 is improved.
Further, when the Ni-based self-fluxing alloy powder is selected as the reinforcing material 5, the wear resistance of the reinforcing layer 012 can be further improved by adding a proper amount of WC powder, and then adding a small amount of rare earth CeO2The powder can increase the hardness of the strengthening layer 012, and finally, the addition of a small amount of Mo powder can increase the crack resistance of the strengthening layer 012. CeO (CeO)2The formation of dendrites on the reinforcing layer 012 can be promoted, the generation of the dendrites is intensified, and the gaps between the dendrites are reduced, so that the structure of the reinforcing layer 012 is fine and compact. Adding 2% CeO into TiC/Ni composite powder2Then, Ce element can react with other elements to generate stable compound with high melting point, increase nucleation particles and improve the strengthening layer 012, and meanwhile, the solid-dissolved Ce element is generally segregated in a phase boundary or a grain boundary, so that the driving force of grain growth is reduced to restrict the grain growth, and the effect of grain refinement is achieved.
Compared with the traditional heat treatment such as a carburizing method, the method for strengthening the screw material by permeating elements such as N, C, Ti, Cr, W, Ni and the like into the screw material is characterized in that:
first, conventional heat treatment requires placing the entire workpiece in heat treatment equipment (high temperature furnace, etc.), and cannot meet the rework operation requirements of high precision instruments.
Secondly, the mechanism of the carburizing method is to decompose the required elements from the compounds, and active carbon atoms are melted into high-temperature austenite and then diffused into the matrix, and the most important influencing factors are heating temperature and heat preservation time.
Finally, the laser is instantly finished on the surface of the part, so that mechanical mixing of various elements under the action of hydrodynamic force and temperature gradient exists, and solid solution diffusion and propagation can be formed, so that corresponding alloy nitride or carbide and other new phases are synthesized, and the mechanical strength of the screw 01 is ensured.
The first embodiment of the screw repair disassembly method based on the above system comprises the following steps:
1) placing a workpiece 02 with a screw 01 to be disassembled on a platform, and performing deoiling treatment on the surface of the screw 01: dipping with absorbent cotton or cotton yarn C2H2Cl2、C2HCl3Or cleaning the surface of the screw 01 by alkali liquor, or heating the surface of the screw 01 to 112-232 ℃, preferably 153 ℃ by using a hot air gun, and then wiping and cleaning the surface of the screw 01 by using dry gauze.
The surface of the screw 01 may be further roughened by sand paper, so that not only rust on the surface of the screw 01 can be removed, but also the surface roughness of the screw 01 can be increased, and the adhesion of the reinforcing material 5 can be enhanced.
The screw 01 after deoiling treatment is repaired and disassembled within 10-60 minutes, preferably within 24 minutes, so that secondary pollution and corrosion are avoided.
2) The metal washer 3 is fitted around the outer side of the screw 01.
3) The reinforcing material 5 was placed on the surface of the screw 01 in advance, and Ni60 powder was selected as the reinforcing material 5, and the main components thereof are shown in the following table:
| alloy powder | Cr | B | Si | C | Fe | Ni |
| Ni60 | 8 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 7 | Balance of |
In order to further improve the performance of the strengthening layer 012, a proper amount of tungsten carbide (WC) powder and 2% cerium oxide (CeO) are added2) Powder and Mo powder. Wherein the Ni60 has a granularity of 2000-3000 meshes, WC and CeO2And the granularity of the Mo powder is 3000-3500 meshes, and all the alloy powder is dried for 2 hours at 80 ℃ before use.
The thickness of the reinforcing material 5 placed on the surface of the screw 01 is 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the screw 01, specifically, for the screw 01 with the diameter being more than or equal to 2mm, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.5-0.8 times of the diameter of the screw 01, and preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.7 times of the diameter of the screw 01; for a screw 01 with a diameter of less than 2mm, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.2 to 0.5 times the diameter of the screw 01, and preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.3 times the diameter of the screw 01.
The surface of the screw 01 is heated for the first time by using a laser 1, wherein the laser 1 is CO2Laser, the energy of laser beam 11 is 2.5KW/cm2The surface of the screw 01 is rapidly melted, expanded and extremely rapidly solidified to reach 10 DEG5DEG C/S. During the heating process, the reinforcing material 5 and the screw material are fused and bonded, and after the heating is completed, the reinforcing layer 012 having a higher hardness than the screw material is formed inside the screw 01.
In the first heating process, laser heat is conducted to the adhesive layer 03 through the screw 01, so that the adhesive layer 03 is overheated and fails. The high temperature real time mechanical property tests for the lotita 242 and lotita 272 glues are shown in the following table, and the high temperature shear strength (failure curve) is shown in fig. 6.
It can be seen that the shear strength at 120 ℃ is reduced by only 18% compared to the shear strength at room temperature, and that the shear strength is rapidly reduced by more than 80% from 120 ℃ to 150 ℃, at which time the adhesive layer 03 begins to soften and the adhesive properties are rapidly reduced. Generally, the screw fastening glue is firstly transformed from a glass state to a glass transition state and finally transformed to a high-elastic state along with the rise of temperature, the glass state to the high-elastic state can be repeatedly transformed from the glass state below 200 ℃, and the screw fastening glue is completely failed and the bonding strength is sharply reduced above 300 ℃. Therefore, when the energy of the laser beam 11 is set to 2.5KW/cm2The temperature transmitted to the glue layer 03 is 320 +/-10 ℃, so that the glue of the lotai 242 and the lotai 272 can completely lose efficacy, the bonding strength is greatly reduced, and the glue can be disassembledThe breaking moment is reduced sharply, so that the disassembly difficulty is reduced, and the disassembly success rate is improved.
4) The surface of the screw 01 is heated for the second time by using a laser 1, and the energy of a laser beam 11 is 10KW/cm2The surface of the screw 01 is rapidly melted, expanded and extremely rapidly solidified to reach 10 DEG4DEG C/S. While heating, the air nozzle 23 of the air blowing device 2 is aligned with the surface of the screw 01, and the high-pressure air source 21 is started to blow out the melted screw material, so that the disassembly groove 011 is formed.
In the second heating process, the adhesive layer 03 between the screw 01 and the workpiece 02 further fails, and the adhesive layer 03 which has failed and embrittled in the first heating process is cracked.
5) The working head 43 of the disassembling tool 4 is pressed into the disassembling groove 011, and the soft shell 431 of the working head 43 is low in hardness, so that the working head 43 can be effectively contacted with the disassembling groove 011 and is embedded into an irregular gap of the disassembling groove 011 to play a role in increasing friction force, the working head 43 is prevented from sliding out of the disassembling groove 011 when torque is applied, and then the handle 41 is rotated to unscrew the screw 01.
A second embodiment of the screw rework disassembly method based on the above system comprises the steps of:
1) the workpiece 02 with the screw 01 to be removed is placed on a platform, and the surface of the screw 01 is degreased, in a specific process, see the first embodiment.
2) The metal washer 3 is fitted around the outer side of the screw 01.
3) The reinforcing material 5 was placed on the surface of the screw 01 in advance, and Ni60 powder was selected as the reinforcing material 5, and the main components thereof are shown in the following table:
| alloy powder | Cr | B | Si | C | Fe | Ni |
| Ni60 | 8 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 0.6 | 7 | Balance of |
In order to further improve the performance of the formed strengthening layer 012, a proper amount of WC powder and 15% CeO are added2Powder and 20% Mo powder. Wherein the Ni60 has a particle size of 1000-1500 meshes, WC and CeO2The granularity of the Mo powder and the Mo powder is 800-1000 meshes, and all the alloy powder does not need to be dried before use.
The thickness of the reinforcing material 5 placed on the surface of the screw 01 is 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the screw 01, specifically, for the screw 01 with the diameter being more than or equal to 2mm, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.5-0.8 times of the diameter of the screw 01, and preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.7 times of the diameter of the screw 01; for a screw 01 with a diameter of less than 2mm, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.2 to 0.5 times the diameter of the screw 01, and preferably, the thickness of the reinforcing material 5 is 0.3 times the diameter of the screw 01.
The surface of the screw 01 is heated for the first time by using a laser 1, the laser 1 is a YAG laser, the energy of a laser beam 11 is 3.7KW/cm, and the surface of the screw 01 is rapidly melted, expanded and solidified at the highest speed to reach 102DEG C/S. During the heating process, the reinforcing material 5 is fused with the screw material, and after the heating process is finished, the hardness of the inner part of the screw 01 is higher than that of the screw materialA high reinforcing layer 012. Due to differences in thermal properties, molding processes, and the like between the reinforcing material 5 and the screw material, a large amount of tensile stress is generated in the reinforcing layer 012, and thus cracks are generated in the surface of the reinforcing layer 012 and in the transition region between the reinforcing layer 012 and the screw material.
In the first heating process, the adhesive layer 03 between the screw 01 and the workpiece 02 is overheated to lose efficacy.
4) The surface of the screw 01 is heated for the second time by using a laser 1, and the energy of a laser beam 11 is 15KW/cm2The surface of the screw 01 is rapidly melted, expanded and extremely rapidly solidified to reach 10 DEG4DEG C/S. While heating, the air nozzle 23 of the air blowing device 2 is aligned with the surface of the screw 01, and the high-pressure air source 21 is started to blow out the melted screw material, so that the disassembly groove 011 is formed.
During the second heating process, the glue layer 03 between the screw 01 and the workpiece 02 further fails.
5) The working head 43 of the disassembling tool 4 is pressed into the disassembling groove 011, and then the handle 41 is rotated to unscrew the screw 01.
A third embodiment of the screw rework disassembly method based on the above system comprises the steps of:
1) a workpiece 02 with a screw 01 to be disassembled is placed on a platform, and a metal washer 3 is sleeved on the outer side of the screw 01.
2) The surface of the screw 01 is heated for the first time by using a laser 1, wherein the laser 1 is CO2Laser, the energy of laser beam 11 is 2.85KW/cm2The surface of the screw 01 is rapidly melted, expanded and extremely rapidly solidified to reach 10 DEG4DEG C/S. And (3) synchronously and directly spraying the reinforcing material 5 to a laser radiation action area by using high-pressure gas, wherein the powder spraying amount is 0.8-1.5 mm.g/s according to the diameter of the screw.
The included angle between the surface of the screw 01 and the direction of the air flow of the sprayed reinforcing material 5 is 20-60 degrees, and the effect is optimal particularly at 34 degrees. Ni60 powder was selected as the reinforcing material 5, the main components of which are shown in the following table:
| alloy powder | Cr | B | Si | C | Fe | Ni |
| Ni60 | 9 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 8 | Balance of |
In order to further improve the performance of the formed strengthening layer 012, a proper amount of WC powder and 3.5% CeO are added2Powder and Mo powder. Wherein the Ni60 has a granularity of 2000-2300 meshes and is selected from WC and CeO2And the granularity of the Mo powder is 1800-2000 meshes, and all the alloy powder is dried for 2 hours at 100 ℃ before use. During the heating process, the reinforcing material 5 and the screw material are fused and bonded, and after the heating is completed, the reinforcing layer 012 having a higher hardness than the screw material is formed inside the screw 01.
In the first heating process, the adhesive layer 03 between the screw 01 and the workpiece 02 is overheated to lose efficacy.
3) The surface of the screw 01 is heated for the second time by using a laser 1, and the energy of a laser beam 11 is 14.5KW/cm2The surface of the screw 01 is rapidly melted, expanded and extremely rapidly solidified to reach 10 DEG4DEG C/S. While heating, the air nozzle 23 of the air blowing device 2 is aligned with the surface of the screw 01, and the high-pressure air source 21 is started to blow out the melted screw material, so that the disassembly groove 011 is formed.
During the second heating, the glue layer 03 between the screw 01 and the workpiece 02 further fails.
4) The working head 43 of the disassembling tool 4 is pressed into the disassembling groove 011, and the handle 41 is rotated to screw out the screw 01.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a screw is reprocessed and is dismantled system which characterized in that:
the device comprises a laser (1), an air blowing device (2), a metal gasket (3), a disassembling tool (4) and a reinforcing material (5);
the laser (1) is used for heating the surface of the screw (01);
the blowing device (2) is used for blowing out the molten screw material in the heating process, so that a disassembly groove (011) is formed on the surface of the screw (01);
the metal washer (3) is sleeved on the outer side of the screw (01) and used for protecting the surface of a workpiece (02) where the screw (01) is located;
the disassembly tool (4) comprises a handle (41), a connecting rod (42) and a working head (43) which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the shape of the working head (43) is matched with that of the disassembly groove (011);
the reinforcing material (5) is used for forming a reinforcing layer (012) which has higher hardness than the screw material after the screw (01) is heated.
2. The screw rework disassembly system of claim 1, wherein:
the strengthening material (5) is self-fluxing alloy powder, carbide composite powder or oxide ceramic powder.
3. The screw rework disassembly system of claim 2, wherein:
the self-fluxing alloy powder is Ni-based alloy powder, Co-based alloy powder or Fe-based alloy powder;
the carbide composite powder is Ni/WC, Co/WC, NiCr/SiC or NiCrAI/SiC powder;
the oxide ceramic powder is Cr3C2、TiN、BN、Cr2O3、Si3N4、ZnO2、CeO2Or CrB2And (3) powder.
4. The screw rework disassembly system of any one of claims 1 or 2 or 3, wherein:
the working head (43) comprises a soft outer shell (431) and a hard inner core (432);
the hardness of the soft shell (431) is lower than that of the screw material;
the hardness of the hard inner core (432) is higher than that of the screw material.
5. The screw repairing and disassembling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) sleeving a metal gasket (3) on the outer side of the screw (01);
2) the method comprises the following steps of heating the surface of a screw (01) for the first time by using a laser (1), placing a reinforcing material (5) on the surface of the screw (01) before heating, or synchronously spraying the reinforcing material (5) to a laser radiation action area during heating, so that a reinforcing layer (012) with higher hardness than that of the screw material is formed inside the screw (01) after heating is finished;
3) heating the surface of the screw (01) for the second time by using a laser (1), and simultaneously blowing out the molten screw material by using an air blowing device (2) to form a disassembly groove (011) on the surface of the screw (01);
4) and pressing the working head (43) of the disassembling tool (4) into the disassembling groove (011) to screw out the screw (01).
6. The screw rework disassembly method of claim 5, wherein:
the strengthening material (5) in the step 2 is self-fluxing alloy powder, carbide composite powder or oxide ceramic powder.
7. The screw rework disassembly method of claim 6, wherein:
the thickness of the reinforcing material (5) placed on the surface of the screw (01) before heating in the step 2 is 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the screw (01);
and in the step 2, the powder spraying amount for synchronously spraying the reinforcing material (5) to the laser radiation action area during heating is 0.8-1.5 mm-g/s.
8. The screw rework disassembly method of any one of claims 5, 6, or 7, wherein:
in the step 2, the energy of a laser beam (11) for heating the surface of the screw (01) for the first time by using the laser (1) is 2.5-3.7 KW/cm2。
9. The screw rework disassembly method of claim 8, wherein:
in the step 3, the energy of a laser beam (11) for heating the surface of the screw (01) for the second time by using the laser (1) is 10-15 KW/cm2。
10. The screw rework disassembly method of claim 9, wherein:
in the step 1, before the metal washer (3) is sleeved on the outer side of the screw (01), absorbent cotton or cotton yarn is used for dipping C2H2Cl2、C2HCl3Or cleaning the surface of the screw (01) by alkali liquor, or heating the surface of the screw (01) to 112-232 ℃ by using a hot air gun, and then wiping and cleaning the surface of the screw (01) by using dry gauze.
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