CN111771598B - Method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources in dot mode and building nursery - Google Patents
Method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources in dot mode and building nursery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111771598B CN111771598B CN202010748257.0A CN202010748257A CN111771598B CN 111771598 B CN111771598 B CN 111771598B CN 202010748257 A CN202010748257 A CN 202010748257A CN 111771598 B CN111771598 B CN 111771598B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources in a dot mode and building a nursery, which comprises the steps of collecting seeds in a dot mode and planting in a block mode to build the nursery, wherein a tea producing place is taken as a unit, a plurality of local small areas are divided according to the distribution condition of tea trees of local varieties, and each small area is provided with a collecting point; picking a plurality of jin of tea seeds at each collection point to form 1 sample, and independently sowing and raising seedlings for each sample; planting each sample in a row separately; planting a plurality of small samples in the same land for each tea-producing land to form a germplasm garden of the tea-producing land; and (4) planting the tea producing fields in one area to form a provincial tea tree local germplasm resource garden. The local germplasm resource garden of the tea trees constructed by the method has wider representativeness. The dot type distribution covers the local germplasm of each area of the tea area; independently establishing a sample in each area, and planting the samples into a strip-type germplasm garden; each county (city and district) is independently divided into block gardens which are connected with each other to form provincial tea tree local germplasm resource gardens.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tea plant germplasm resource collection and preservation, in particular to a method for collecting tea plant local germplasm resources in a dot-type manner to build a nursery.
Background
The tea plant germplasm resource is the most important material basis for developing tea plant breeding and is also an important material for developing the research on tea plant genetic traits. The local tea plant germplasm resource has rich genetic diversity, and the clone variety is only a representative of a certain individual. With the popularization and application of the clone varieties, sexual population variety tea gardens of all parts are reduced, and some important germplasm is lost. Effectively collects and preserves the germplasm resources of each place, and has great significance for avoiding germplasm loss and breeding work.
Each tea-producing province and each tea area pay great attention to the collection and preservation of local germplasm resources of tea trees. Local germplasm gardens are built in tea major provinces such as Fujian tea, Hunan tea, Hubei tea, Sichuan tea, Guangdong tea, Guizhou tea and the like, and national tea tree germplasm gardens and Yunnan Mengshan national branch gardens are also built in the Hangzhou tea research institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences. By the end of 2013, more than 3000 tea plant resources at home and abroad are collected and stored in national germplasm Hangzhou tea tree gardens and Meng sea branch gardens, the wild accounts for 10%, the local varieties account for 60%, and the breeding varieties and breeding materials account for 30% (Majiaqiang, tea science, 2015, 1 st stage). Because the concept of tea plant species is fuzzy, for example, what is keemun species, and what group species in keemun place can represent keemun species, exact answers cannot be given. Therefore, there is no clear method for collecting local species in national nursery and local resource nursery.
The introduction of the core germplasm concept provides a certain reference for the collection of local germplasm resources of tea trees. The Wangxin Chao et al (2 nd stage of 2009 in tea science) researches a primary core germplasm sampling strategy of Chinese tea trees, and considers that tea area-logarithm proportion-clustering sampling is adopted as an optimal sampling strategy for constructing the primary core germplasm of the tea trees, and more than 95% of phenotypic characters can be reserved by 20% of total sampling proportion. Actually, the tea area range is large, a large tea area and a small tea area exist, the setting of the tea sampling area has certain difficulty, the sampling amount is large, and the phenotypic character retention is only over 95 percent.
The collected local germplasm resources of the tea trees are stored in a garden building mode, which is a popular method. However, as the seed collecting and collecting method of the local germplasm resources of the tea trees is not clear, a lot of uncertain factors are brought to garden building. Some places adopt a method of protecting local texture regions, so that only local regions can be protected. Only by designing a scientific and reasonable harvesting method, a complete germplasm garden can be built.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides a method for collecting tea plant local germplasm resources in a dot-type manner to build a nursery.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources in a dot mode to build a nursery comprises the steps of collecting seeds in a dot mode and planting in a strip mode to build the nursery, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) point distribution: dividing a plurality of local small areas by taking a tea producing place as a unit according to the distribution condition of varieties of tea trees in the place, and arranging a collecting point in each small area;
(2) sampling and seedling raising: picking a plurality of jin of tea seeds at each collection point to form 1 sample, and independently sowing and raising seedlings for each sample;
(3) planting: planting each swatch individually in rows (1, 2, 3);
(4) strip nursery: planting a plurality of small samples in the same land for each tea-producing land to form a germplasm garden of the tea-producing land;
(5) block nursery: and (4) planting the tea producing fields in one area to form a provincial tea tree local germplasm resource garden.
Each collection point picks 2-3 jin of tea seeds (more than 1000 grains) as 1 sample, and each sample is independently sown and seedlings grow more than 300 plants.
The tea producing land refers to a land where tea trees are planted in the land (county, city and district) before the country is built (1949), and more than 1 ten thousand mu of tea garden is available.
Each small area is provided with an acquisition point, namely the acquisition range of the seeds is determined to be within 1-10 mu of the small area, and the acquisition points are subjected to GPS positioning to mark longitude, latitude, altitude, place names and collected person name information.
The small samples are planted in rows independently, and the small samples are planted in relatively safe plots suitable for growth of tea trees.
The relatively safe land is a land which does not change the use for a long time except for the insurmountable force.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the method for collecting the local germplasm resources of the tea trees is clarified for the first time, and the constructed local germplasm resource garden of the tea trees has wider representativeness.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) dot type point distribution, wherein collection points are firstly and definitely arranged according to the distribution of local germplasm resources; the collection point covers the local germplasm of each area of the tea area; independently establishing a sample in each area, and planting the samples into a strip-type germplasm garden; each county (city and district) is independently divided into block gardens which are connected with each other to form provincial tea tree local germplasm resource gardens.
2. The identity of each germplasm was first defined.
The germplasm of a tea garden of local tea plant species is from introduction of other places, and after years of growth, the tea garden has multi-generation tea trees such as the tea trees of the current generation, the tea trees with the current generation and the seeds falling into the tree, the tea trees of the filial generation and the seeds falling into the tree, and the like, and the germplasm resources cannot find out the real introduction place (native place), but the method collects the seeds in the tea garden of the group, marks geographical information such as the longitude, the latitude, the altitude and the like for each germplasm, defines the source of the germplasm, and knows the production place (origin place) although the introduction place is unknown.
The tea tree local species is a fuzzy concept, the method solves the problem of fuzzy method for collecting the tea tree local species, and the method has an obvious effect on collecting and protecting the tea tree local species.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a local germplasm nursery of tea trees in a certain province.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a method for collecting tea plant local germplasm resources in a dot mode to build a nursery comprises the steps of collecting seeds in a dot mode and planting in a strip mode to build the nursery, and the specific contents are as follows:
(1) point distribution: dividing a plurality of local small areas by taking tea producing places (counties, cities and districts) as units according to the distribution condition of tea trees of varieties in the places, and arranging a collection point in each small area; the tea producing land (county, city and district) refers to the land where more than 1 ten thousand mu of tea garden exists. Each small area is provided with an acquisition point, namely the acquisition range of the seeds is determined to be within 1-10 mu of the small area, and the acquisition points are subjected to GPS positioning to mark information such as longitude, latitude, altitude, place names and collected person names.
(2) Sampling and seedling raising: picking a plurality of jin of tea seeds at each collection point to form 1 sample, and independently sowing and raising seedlings for each sample; each collecting point picks 2-3 jin of tea seeds and takes 1 sample, and each sample is independently sown and raised with more than 300 seedlings.
(3) Planting: selecting a relatively safe land parcel suitable for tea tree growth to plant each sample in a row independently; the relatively safe land is a land which does not change the use for a long time except for the insurmountable force.
(4) Strip nursery: planting a plurality of samples in the same plot in each tea producing land (county, city and district) to form a germplasm garden of the tea producing land;
(5) block nursery: and (4) planting the tea producing fields in one area to form a provincial tea tree local germplasm resource garden.
Example 1: and (5) building a local tea plant germplasm resource garden in Anhui province.
And 8-9 months in 2019, making a tea tree seed harvesting scheme. Determining 28 counties (cities and districts) of 6 cities such as Huangshan city, pond state city, Anqing city, Xuan city, Liuan city, and Hefei city as tea-producing counties (cities and districts) collected from local tea plant germplasm resources of Anhui province; and determining the collection responsible persons (contacts) of each county (city and district).
And (3) sending the collection scheme to the collection responsible persons in each county (city and district) in 10-11 months, deploying 20-70 collection points according to the distribution condition of the local species of each tea-producing county (city and district), collecting about 2-3 jin of tea seeds as 1 sample at each point, and making related information labels such as longitude, latitude, altitude, name of the person to be collected and the like along with the samples. Collection began on day 10, day 20 and ended in the middle of day 11. The collected tea seeds are sent to a tea research institute of agricultural academy of sciences in Anhui province by each person in charge of counties (cities and districts) for centralized sowing and seedling raising. Providing seedlings for resource nursery. By the beginning of 12 months, 505 germplasm samples are collected in a common effect.
According to the growth rule of tea tree seeds in the year and the year, samples which are not effectively collected in various counties (cities and districts) are collected in the next year.
Selecting proper plots, independently planting each sample into 1 line, 2 lines or 3 lines and the like, independently planting each county (city and district) into blocks, and relatively concentrating the blocks into gardens. Thus, the local germplasm resource garden of tea trees in Anhui province is built after 2-3 years.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and other tea-producing provinces and gardens may adopt various distribution collection points and collection methods in each tea-producing county (city and district), and all combinations and arrangements that can be derived or suggested by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A tea tree local germplasm resource dot type collection nursery building method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of distributing and collecting seeds in a dot mode, planting in a strip mode and building a garden, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) point distribution: dividing a plurality of local small areas by taking a tea producing place as a unit according to the distribution condition of varieties of tea trees in the place, and arranging a collecting point in each small area;
(2) sampling and seedling raising: picking a plurality of jin of tea seeds at each collection point to form 1 sample, and independently sowing and raising seedlings for each sample;
(3) planting: planting each sample in a row separately;
(4) strip nursery: planting a plurality of small samples in the same land for each tea-producing land to form a germplasm garden of the tea-producing land;
(5) block nursery: and (4) planting the tea producing fields in one area to form a provincial tea tree local germplasm resource garden.
2. The method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources to build a nursery in a dot-type manner according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: each collecting point picks 2-3 jin of tea seeds and takes 1 sample, and each sample is independently sown and raised with more than 300 seedlings.
3. The method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources to build a nursery in a dot-type manner according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the tea producing land refers to the land of the existing tea garden with more than 1 ten thousand mu.
4. The method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources to build a nursery in a dot-type manner according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: each small area is provided with an acquisition point, namely the acquisition range of the seeds is determined to be within 1-10 mu of the small area, and the acquisition points are subjected to GPS positioning to mark longitude, latitude, altitude, place names and collected person name information.
5. The method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources to build a nursery in a dot-type manner according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the small samples are planted in rows independently, and the small samples are planted in relatively safe plots suitable for growth of tea trees.
6. The method for collecting tea tree local germplasm resources to build a nursery in a dot-type manner according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the relatively safe land is a land which does not change the use for a long time except for the insurmountable force.
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Citations (4)
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| CN102405757A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-04-11 | 周国兰 | Intelligent rapid propagation method of tea tree |
| CN103460933A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-25 | 贵州威门药业股份有限公司 | Treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials |
| CN103609453A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-05 | 福建农林大学 | Construction method of in vitro regeneration system of tea tree |
| CN106561237A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-04-19 | 龙兴明 | Planting technology for Moringa oleifera Lam. in northeastern Sichuan |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102577842B (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-08-14 | 安徽省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Grafting and breeding method for tea tree root stock |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102405757A (en) * | 2011-09-27 | 2012-04-11 | 周国兰 | Intelligent rapid propagation method of tea tree |
| CN103460933A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-25 | 贵州威门药业股份有限公司 | Treatment method of seeds for planting and breeding of polygonum capitatum of Relinqing particle medicinal materials |
| CN103609453A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-05 | 福建农林大学 | Construction method of in vitro regeneration system of tea tree |
| CN106561237A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-04-19 | 龙兴明 | Planting technology for Moringa oleifera Lam. in northeastern Sichuan |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 国家种质勐海茶树分圃资源保存及研究进展;蒋会兵等;《茶叶》;20101231;第36卷(第4期);第203-207页 * |
| 茶树种质资源圃的设计与建圃技术;何万勋等;《中国茶叶》;19940531(第05期);第10-11页 * |
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