CN111753420A - Cascade fault simulation method, system and storage medium for power information physical system - Google Patents

Cascade fault simulation method, system and storage medium for power information physical system Download PDF

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CN111753420A
CN111753420A CN202010581314.0A CN202010581314A CN111753420A CN 111753420 A CN111753420 A CN 111753420A CN 202010581314 A CN202010581314 A CN 202010581314A CN 111753420 A CN111753420 A CN 111753420A
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physical layer
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张庚
汪洋
丁慧霞
高凯强
王智慧
王亚男
刘伟
任佳星
张喜润
黄建彰
王天昊
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
State Grid Tianjin Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The method, the system and the storage medium for simulating the cascading failure of the power information physical system realize the simulation of the cascading failure of the power information physical system by considering the running characteristic of an information layer; wherein the model takes load loss minimization as an objective function. The power information physical system cascading failure model which considers the operation characteristics of the information layer is constructed, the power information physical system cascading failure simulation is achieved, the whole vulnerability analysis of the power information physical system is facilitated, and the development requirement of an energy internet is met.

Description

Cascade fault simulation method, system and storage medium for power information physical system
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of power information physical systems, and relates to a cascade fault simulation method, system and storage medium for a power information physical system.
Background
In order to realize reasonable utilization of renewable energy, China is actively promoting construction work of energy Internet and changing the traditional energy system mainly based on centralized fossil energy. Under the background of energy internet development, the scale of an electric power system is continuously enlarged, the information construction speed is obviously improved, and a modern electric power system is gradually evolved into an information physical coupling network formed by a physical power grid and an information network, namely an electric power information physical system. The electric power information physical system utilizes information acquisition, transmission and sharing, realizes the transmission as required and the dynamic balance use of energy, but also increases the vulnerability of the system:
(1) and a network attack entrance is added for information sharing, the risk that key equipment is attacked is increased, and the reliable operation of the system is threatened.
(2) The interlayer coupling relationship enables system faults to be mutually converted between the information layer and the physical layer, and cascade faults are more easily caused. Although the probability of occurrence of the faults is extremely low, the development process is rapid, operation and maintenance scheduling personnel cannot effectively inhibit the diffusion of the faults in a short time, and the influence of the faults is great. Therefore, the generation and development processes of the cascade fault of the power information physical system need to be clarified, the vulnerability influence factors of the system are positioned, and the risk resistance capability of the system is improved.
In order to describe the occurrence and development of cascading faults of a power information physical system more accurately, the existing research carries out system topological characteristic analysis from a simple complex network theory and develops towards the direction of comprehensively considering the power characteristics of a physical layer and the interaction relation between layers, but the research is not sufficient in consideration of the operation characteristics of a system information layer, part of the research relates to the research of the scheduling control action of the information layer, and the research is only to simply consider that the scheduling control action of the information layer is completely reliable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a modeling method and a modeling method for cascading faults of a power information physical system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
(1) acquiring an initial fault node set formed after an initial fault, and acquiring an initial information layer model of the power information physical system model after the initial fault according to the initial fault node set;
(2) simulating according to the current fault of the information layer, and diffusing the failure influence to the physical layer through the monitoring relation of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes to obtain a physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer;
(3) simulating according to the current fault of the physical layer, and diffusing the failure influence to the information layer through the energy supply relation of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes to obtain an information layer model under the current fault of the physical layer;
(4) and performing cycle simulation according to the current faults of the information layer and the physical layer until the current simulation model result is the same as that of the previous simulation or the current physical layer collapses, and completing the cascade fault simulation facing the power information physical system.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step (1), according to the interlayer coupling relationship between the physical layer and the information layer in the electric power information physical system, the topological characteristics and the transmission characteristics of the information layer and the physical layer are respectively modeled to obtain a double-layer coupling electric power information physical system model with the integration of the physical layer primary power grid and the information layer communication system.
The invention is further improved in that the power information physical system model is ξ (G)p,Gc,ED) Wherein G ispAs a physical layer model, GcAs an information layer model, EDIs a coupled edge matrix.
The method is further improved in that a coupling edge matrix of the information network depending on the physical power grid is obtained according to the energy supply relationship of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes and the monitoring relationship of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes.
A further development of the invention consists in coupling the edge matrix ED＝{Ec-p,Ep-cIn which Ep-cRepresenting a coupling edge matrix of the physical power grid depending on the information network, wherein matrix elements represent the coupling strength of the failure of the information layer nodes to influence the normal operation of the physical layer nodes;
Ec-pthe information network is represented by a coupling edge matrix of a physical power grid, and matrix elements represent coupling strength of the failure of physical layer nodes and the influence of the failure of the information layer nodes on the normal operation of the information layer nodes.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step (2), the physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer is obtained by taking the minimum load loss as an objective function to calculate.
A further development of the invention is that,
the objective function is: minfLL(G) (8)
Constraints of the objective function∑ isk∈in(u)Fk-∑k∈out(u)Fk+∑g∈g(u)Pg＝Lu-LSu(9)
Puv＝Buv(u-v) (10)
Figure BDA0002553301950000031
Figure BDA0002553301950000032
The invention has the further improvement that the specific process of the step (4) is as follows: performing cycle simulation according to the current fault of the information layer, and performing simulation in the (i-1) th round to obtain an information layer model Gc(i-1)The model G of the information layer is obtained by the simulation of the ith roundci；
Performing cycle simulation according to the current fault of the physical layer, and performing simulation in the (i-1) th round to obtain a physical layer model Gp(i-1The ith round of simulation obtains a physical layer model Gpi；
Obtaining a physical layer model G obtained by the ith round of simulation by adopting a Tarjan algorithmpiConnecting components, judging whether the internal power of the connected components is balanced or not by adopting a direct current power flow equation, and if the internal power of the connected components is not balanced, obtaining a physical layer model G through simulation of the ith roundpiCollapse;
when G isci＝Gc(i-1)And Gpi＝Gp(i-1The physical layer model G obtained by the simulation of the time or the ith roundpiAnd when the system is broken down, stopping the cycle simulation, and completing the cascade fault simulation of the physical system facing the power information.
A cascade fault simulation system for a power information physical system comprises:
the initial module is used for acquiring an initial fault node set formed after an initial fault, and acquiring an initial information layer model of the power information physical system model after the initial fault according to the initial fault node set;
the information layer diffusion module is used for simulating according to the current fault of the information layer, diffusing the failure influence to the physical layer through the monitoring relation of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes, and obtaining a physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer;
the physical layer diffusion module is used for simulating according to the current fault of the physical layer, diffusing the failure influence to the information layer through the energy supply relation of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes, and obtaining an information layer model under the current fault of the physical layer;
and the cycle simulation module is used for performing cycle simulation according to the current faults of the information layer and the physical layer until the current simulation model result is the same as that of the previous simulation model result or the current physical layer collapses, and completing the cascade fault simulation facing the power information physical system.
A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the power information physical system cascade fault simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, simulation is carried out according to the current fault of an information layer, the failure influence is diffused to the physical layer through the monitoring relation of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes, simulation is carried out according to the current fault of the physical layer, the failure influence is diffused to the information layer through the energy supply relation of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes, the energy supply relation and the monitoring relation of the physical layer nodes and the information layer nodes are considered, the interlayer interaction of the electric power information physical system is more comprehensively embodied, the generation and the development of the cascade fault in the electric power information physical system can be more accurately described, the whole vulnerability analysis of the electric power information physical system is facilitated, and guidance suggestions are provided for planning, designing and optimizing and upgrading the system.
Furthermore, the invention analyzes the information layer fault influence mode, describes the energy supply relation and the monitoring relation between the physical layer nodes and the information layer nodes in the system by means of the coupling edge matrix, more comprehensively reflects the interlayer interaction of the electric power information physical system and is convenient for the modeling of the cascade fault of the system.
Furthermore, the invention researches the influence of the problems of network connectivity reduction, circuitous route communication delay increase and the like caused by information layer node faults on the system cascade fault development process by improving the cascade fault model based on the seepage theory, establishes the power information physical system cascade fault model considering the information layer operation characteristics and provides a cascade fault simulation method for effectively preventing large-scale power failure accidents.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a modeling of a power information physics system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of operating state changes in different failure modes according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein (a) is the operating state change caused by the mode of influence 1, and (b) is the operating state change caused by the mode of influence 2.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the establishment of a cascading failure dynamic model according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a power information physical system cascade fault simulation method considering information layer operation characteristics, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) modeling of a power information physical system: according to the interlayer coupling relation between a physical layer and an information layer in the electric power information physical system, the topological characteristics and the transmission characteristics of the information layer and the physical layer are respectively modeled to obtain a double-layer coupling electric power information physical system model with the integration of a physical layer primary power grid and an information layer communication system. The specific process is as follows:
establishing a physical layer model G according to network topology characteristics and physical layer energy flow transmission characteristicspEstablishing an information layer model G according to the network topology characteristics and the information layer communication service transmission characteristicscEstablishing a coupling edge matrix E according to the interlayer coupling relationDThe power information physical system model can be expressed as a physical layer model GpInformation layer model GcAnd a coupled edge matrix EDSet ξ (G)p,Gc,ED)。
(2) And (3) defining an interlayer interaction mechanism: and expanding the concept of the coupling strength of the nodes between layers and representing the uncertainty of the influence of the information layer fault on the physical layer.
Expanding the interlayer node coupling strength: and obtaining a coupling edge matrix of the information network depending on the physical power grid according to the energy supply relationship of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes and the monitoring relationship of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes.
Specifically, aiming at the uncertainty of the influence of the information layer fault on the physical layer, the concept of the coupling strength rho of the interlayer nodes is expanded, and the monitoring relation between the information layer nodes and the physical layer nodes is embodied while the energy supply relation between the physical layer nodes and the information layer nodes is embodied. At the coupled edge matrix ED＝{Ec-p,Ep-cIn (b) by Ep-cAnd the coupling edge matrix representing that the physical power grid depends on the information network, and the matrix elements represent the coupling strength of the failure of the information layer nodes and directly influencing the normal operation of the physical layer nodes. Ec-pThe information network is represented by a coupling edge matrix of a physical power grid, and matrix elements represent the coupling strength of the failure of physical layer nodes which directly influences the normal operation of the information layer nodes.
(3) And (3) fault triggering: the method comprises the steps that an information layer part node fails due to equipment aging, hardware defects or attacks and the like, an initial fault node set formed after initial fault is collected, and an information layer working subset N of a power information physical system model after initial fault is obtained according to the initial fault node setc0And information layer model Gc0. The specific process is as follows:
firstly, an initial fault node set mu is calculated0In the complete set NcComplement of (3)
Figure BDA0002553301950000062
Information layer model G of the Power information physical System model after initial failurecIn the method, an initial fault node set mu is calculated by using a Floyd-Warshall algorithm0In the complete set NcComplement of (3)
Figure BDA0002553301950000063
When the connectivity degree of the node in the node list and the dispatching center is 0, removing the node which is not effectively connected with the dispatching center and the connecting edge thereof; finally, obtaining an information layer working subset N of the electric power information physical system model after initial failurec0And an information layer model G of the electric power information physical system model after the initial faultc0。
(4) And (3) physical layer fault diffusion: simulating according to the current fault of the information layer, and diffusing the failure influence to the physical layer through the monitoring relation of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes to obtain a physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer;
including validating a physical layer working subset and simulating a stability control process.
When confirming the physical layer working subset, firstly calculating a physical layer node set v coupled with the new failure node of the information layeriSet of physical layer nodes viThe set of the middle nodes subjected to probability fault by using interlayer node coupling strength rho is rho viSet ρ viPhysical layer working subset N obtained in last iterationp(i-1)The complement of
Figure BDA0002553301950000061
Then, a physical layer model G is obtained by adopting a Tarjan algorithmpConnecting the components, and judging whether the internal power of the connected components is balanced or not by adopting a direct current power flow equation; defining the maximum connected component of the internal power balance (namely the maximum connected component meeting the requirement) as a main network, defining other connected components meeting the requirement (namely other connected components of the internal power balance) as a power island, removing nodes and connected edges thereof which do not belong to a physical layer working subset formed by main network and power island nodes from a physical layer model, and finally obtaining an intermediate physical layer working subset node N of the ith round of iterationpi1And intermediate physical layer model Gpi1。
In order to conveniently represent the influence of damaged information layer on effective decision of a system during simulation of a stable control process, physical layer state information acquired by an information layer scheduling center through situation awareness is defined as a physical layer mirror image model
Figure BDA0002553301950000071
Figure BDA0002553301950000072
Wherein G ispΔ G being the actual state of the physical layerpTo acquire errors. And the information layer dispatching center updates the database in real time according to the information (namely the electrical parameters of the physical layer nodes) acquired by the station terminal to form a physical layer mirror image model. And if the electrical parameters of the physical layer mirror image model indicate that line power flow out-of-limit or power imbalance exists in the physical layer, the dispatching center generates a stable control instruction according to the electrical parameters of the physical layer mirror image model. In the process of collecting the electrical parameters by the dispatching center, calculating transmission time delay of the collected information uplink transmission to the dispatching center, considering that the transmission fails when the transmission time delay exceeds a threshold value MaxT, and not updating corresponding data of the physical layer mirror image model, or updating the corresponding data; the dispatching center is based on the physical layer mirror image model
Figure BDA0002553301950000073
The minimum load loss is taken as an objective function to carry out optimization calculation to obtain the electrical parameters after stable control
Figure BDA0002553301950000074
And issuing the control information to the information layer working node, considering that the transmission of the control information with the transmission delay larger than the threshold value MaxT fails, not executing the stabilization control instruction corresponding to the information layer node, keeping the electrical parameter of the coupled physical layer node unchanged, executing the stabilization control instruction corresponding to the information layer node if the transmission delay is smaller than or equal to the threshold value, and executing the stabilization control instruction according to the electrical parameter after the stabilization control
Figure BDA0002553301950000075
Modifying the electrical properties of the coupled physical layer nodes; finally, obtaining the physical layer working subset N of the ith round of iterationpiPhysical layer model Gpi。
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002553301950000076
Figure BDA0002553301950000077
representing the electrical parameters in the mirror image model of the dispatching center physical layer in the ith iteration process,
Figure BDA0002553301950000078
physical mirror image model for representing scheduling center in ith iteration process
Figure BDA0002553301950000079
A set of physical layer nodes in, satisfy
Figure BDA00025533019500000710
Figure BDA00025533019500000711
Represents the electrical parameter after the stabilization control in the ith iteration process,
Figure BDA00025533019500000712
indicating a stable control operation for updating the electrical parameter.
The time delay threshold MaxT of the uplink and downlink services is determined according to the time delay threshold of the typical production control service in the general scheme of safety protection of the secondary power system, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 delay threshold determination
Figure BDA00025533019500000713
Figure BDA0002553301950000081
The objective function and constraint conditions are shown in equations (1) to (5), where fLL(G) Representing the amount of system load reduction under the current control strategy, FkRepresenting the power flow on line k, LSuRepresenting the amount of load shedding by node u,
Figure BDA0002553301950000082
representing the minimum and maximum values of the generated power, PuvIs the line flow between the nodes u, v, which are any two nodes,
Figure BDA0002553301950000083
is the short-time allowed maximum capacity, L, of the corresponding lineuThe load of the node u is obtained, and the nonlinear constraint can be relaxed into the linear constraint through a McCormick's envelopes method in the solving process, so that the nonlinear programming problem is converted into the linear programming problem which can be solved by a linprog module in Matlab.
The objective function is: minfLL(G) (8)
Constraint of objective function ∑k∈in(u)Fk-∑k∈out(u)Fk+∑g∈g(u)Pg＝Lu-LSu(9)
Puv＝Buv(u-v) (10)
Figure BDA0002553301950000084
Figure BDA0002553301950000091
(5) Information layer failure diffusion: simulating a new failed physical layer node to cause the energy failure process of the coupled information layer node to be lost, specifically, simulating according to the current fault of the physical layer, and diffusing failure influence to the information layer through the energy supply relation of the physical layer node to the information layer node to obtain an information layer model under the current fault of the physical layer;
the step is similar to the step (3), the newly failed physical layer node causes the coupled information layer node to lose energy and fail depending on the probability, the failure probability is the coupling strength rho, and the information layer working subset N obtained from the previous iterationc(i-1)Removing, and calculating by using Floyd-Warshall algorithmObtaining the information layer working node set N of the ith round of iterationciAnd information layer model Gci。
(6) And performing cycle simulation according to the current faults of the information layer and the physical layer until the current simulation model result is the same as that of the previous simulation or the current physical layer collapses, and completing the cascade fault simulation facing the power information physical system. Specifically, the steps (4) to (5) are iterated continuously until the current iteration result is the same as the previous iteration result, namely Gci＝Gc(i-1)And Gpi＝Gp(i-1)(i ═ 1,2,3, …, n), or physical layer collapse, i.e., the physical layer does not have a connected component of power balance, completing the modeling of the cascade fault of the power information physical system taking into account the operational characteristics of the information layer.
The following is a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a CPPS system model as a power information physical system model according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the present invention first establishes a physical layer model G based on network topology characteristics and physical layer energy flow transmission characteristicspEstablishing an information layer model G from the topological characteristic and the information layer communication service transmission characteristiccEstablishing a coupling edge matrix E from the interlayer coupling relationDThe CPPS system model may be represented as a set ξ of a physical layer model, an information layer model, and a coupling edge matrix (G)p,Gc,ED). The physical layer in the present invention can be represented as having NpIndividual node, MpStripe-to-edge network Gp(Vp,Ep) Physical layer adjacency matrix
Figure BDA0002553301950000092
Adjacent matrix element rijWhen the reactance value is a reactance value, if no connecting edge exists between the nodes, the corresponding element is ∞. The node electrical parameter of the physical layer comprises generated output power PgLoad power PlPhase angle, etc., the electric parameters of the continuous edge comprise reactance r, line tidal current power P, etc., and satisfy kirchhoff's voltage and current law, the continuous edge tidal current power can be calculated according to node power, balanced node voltage and phase angle by the formula P ═ BAnd B represents a negative admittance matrix of the system, and represents phase angle values of all nodes except the balance node of the system.
Information layer model G in the inventioncThe system comprises class 2 nodes, namely intelligent terminals and a scheduling center of each plant station (including a power plant, a transformer substation and a converter station), the heterogeneity of the intelligent terminals of each plant station is ignored, and the plant station terminals have the capability of acquiring data and executing control instructions. The CPPS System information layer (Cyber Network) is denoted by the subscript c, which can be expressed as having NcIndividual node, McStripe-to-edge network Gc(Vc,Ec) Of a contiguous matrix
Figure BDA0002553301950000101
Adjacent matrix element dijThe distance between the nodes is defined, and if no connecting edge exists between the nodes, the corresponding element is infinity.
The invention describes the interlayer coupling relation for realizing energy or information exchange in the power information physical system by means of the concept of the coupling edge, and defines the directivity and the coupling strength of the coupling edge to describe various coupling relations existing in the power information physical system. According to the coupling edge directivity, the interlayer coupling matrix of the electric power information physical system comprises the information dependence of a physical power grid on an information network and the energy dependence of the information network on the physical power grid, and the interlayer node coupling strength passes through the coupling edge matrix EDEmbodying, matrix elements pu-v，0≤ρu-v≤1，EDIs represented by ED＝{Ec-p,Ep-cIn which Ec-pThe coupling edge matrix representing that the information network depends on a physical power grid, and the matrix element represents the coupling strength of the failure of the physical layer node which directly influences the normal operation of the information layer node; ep-cAnd the coupling edge matrix representing the dependence of the physical power grid on the information network, and the matrix elements represent the coupling strength of the normal operation of the information layer nodes and the normal operation of the power nodes.
FIG. 2 shows the operation status change under different failure effect modes according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2(a) shows the operation status change caused by the effect mode 1, and the effect mode 1 is an information layer deviceThe "flooding" caused by hardware failure, natural aging or malicious attacks hinders information transmission. When the physical layer normally works, the faults do not directly affect the physical layer, and mainly show that the monitoring function of the information layer is limited, an information isolated island occurs, and the dispatching center cannot completely sense the running state of the physical power grid; when the physical layer fails, the faults affect the decision and issue of the regulation and control instruction, and the existence of the information isolated island makes the measured information unequal to the actual condition to cause misjudgment, thereby playing a role in promoting further diffusion of the physical layer faults. Fig. 2(b) shows the operating state change caused by the influence mode 2, the influence mode 2 is a malicious attack with a clear target, an attacker obtains the authority of the intelligent terminal micro server, performs operations such as malicious switching, loop disconnection, load removal and the like, and the fault directly interferes with the normal operation of the physical layer by taking the information layer control function as an entry point, so that the redistribution of the physical layer tide is caused. In summary, there is uncertainty about the influence of the information layer fault on the physical layer, but a non-simple information layer node fails to couple with the physical layer node, or the information layer node fails to couple with the physical layer node and still works normally. In order to represent the uncertainty, the invention expands the concept of interlayer node coupling strength rho, not only embodies the energy supply relationship between the physical layer node and the information layer node, but also embodies the monitoring relationship between the information layer node and the physical layer node, and the specific coupling strength is stored in a coupling edge matrix EDIn (1).
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the establishment of a cascading failure dynamic model according to the preferred embodiment of the invention. The invention models the cascading failure process by describing the system behaviors of different stages of failure development. Within each phase, nodes that do not meet the working conditions will be removed from the working subset and the cascading failure terminates when no new failed nodes are generated or the physical layer load is 0. Fig. 3 shows an overall implementation flow of the cascade fault model of the power information physical system proposed by the present invention. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
stage one: fault triggering
And setting an initial fault node of an information layer, and setting the working state of the initial fault node to be invalid. Information layer partial node due to equipment agingFailure of a fault node causes the communication of an information layer to be reduced, and an information layer node set after the initial fault node is removed, namely an initial fault node set mu0In the complete set NcComplement of (3)
Figure BDA0002553301950000111
Can be expressed as
Figure BDA0002553301950000112
Figure BDA0002553301950000113
Wherein N iscRepresents a pre-constructed information layer node set (i.e. a complete set, mu) of the power information physical system0Representing the initial set of failed nodes.
Figure BDA0002553301950000114
Representing the calculation of the initial failure node set mu0In the complete set NcComplement of (5). The information layer node needs to communicate with the dispatching center when working normally, whether the complementary node is communicated with the dispatching center is judged, the information layer working subset with the initial fault node removed is obtained, and the operation represents that
Figure BDA0002553301950000115
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002553301950000116
represents: at information layer model GcIn the method, a Floyd-Warshall algorithm is adopted to calculate a node set
Figure BDA0002553301950000117
The shortest distance between the node in the network and the dispatching center is infinite, which indicates that no effective connection exists between the node and the dispatching center, the node and the connecting edge related to the node are removed from the network, and finally the information layer working subset N after the initial fault is obtainedc0And information layer model Gc0。
And a second stage: physical layer failure propagation
The influence of initial failure of the information layer is diffused to the physical layer through the interlayer coupling relation, the connectivity and the electrical property of the physical layer are changed, if line tide out-of-limit or power imbalance exists, the dispatching center carries out stable control according to the monitored electric power parameters, at the moment, the connectivity of the information layer is reduced, so that the time delay of uplink and downlink transmission of information is increased, part of information cannot be effectively transmitted, and the optimal stable control effect cannot be obtained. The operations involved include, among others, validating a subset of physical layer work and simulating a stability control process.
(1) Validating a physical layer working subset
Removing the physical layer node corresponding to the newly added failure node of the information layer from the physical layer working subset according to the probability fault of the coupling strength rho of the interlayer nodes, wherein the complementary set of the failure nodes of the physical layer is a set rho viPhysical layer working subset N obtained in last iterationp(i-1)Complement of (3)
Figure BDA0002553301950000121
Expressed as:
Figure BDA0002553301950000122
wherein upsilon isiRepresenting a set of physical layer nodes, N, coupled to newly generated failed nodes of the information layer during the ith iterationp(i-1)Represents the subset of physical layer work after the end of the previous iteration,
Figure BDA0002553301950000123
representing a complement operation. The physical layer node is required to be in a runnable 'power island' when working normally, and a physical layer model G is obtained by a Tarjan algorithmpConnecting components, judging whether the generated power in the connected components can meet all or part of load requirements according to a direct current power flow equation, defining the maximum connected component meeting the requirements as a main network, other connected components meeting the requirements as an electric power island, forming a physical layer working subset by nodes belonging to the main network and the electric power island, and constructing a physical layer model G from the physical layer model GpMiddle removal does not belong to the physical layer working subsetAnd the connecting edge related to the node, define
Figure BDA0002553301950000124
Intermediate physical layer working subset N representing the above acquisition i-th iterationpi1And intermediate physical layer model Gpi1The operation of (2).
Figure BDA0002553301950000125
Intermediate physical layer working subset Npi1For the intermediate physical layer model Gpi1To obtain an intermediate physical layer working subset Npi1Then, working subset N according to intermediate physical layerpi1An intermediate physical layer model G can be obtainedpi1。
(2) Simulating a stability control process
Information layer working node collects intermediate physical layer working subset Npi1The physical layer node electrical parameters are transmitted to a dispatching center in an uplink mode, the transmission time delay of collected information is calculated, the information transmission failure with the transmission time delay larger than a time delay threshold value MaxT is achieved, corresponding data in a physical layer mirror image model are not updated, the transmission time delay is smaller than or equal to an information transmission result with the time delay threshold value MaxT, and the physical layer mirror image model
Figure BDA0002553301950000131
The corresponding data is updated. And if the electrical parameters of the physical layer mirror image model indicate that line power flow out-of-limit or power imbalance exists in the physical layer, the dispatching center generates a stable control instruction according to the electrical parameters of the physical layer mirror image model. Dispatching center based on physical mirror image model
Figure BDA0002553301950000132
The data in (1) is optimized and calculated by taking the minimum load loss as an objective function to generate a stable control instruction definition
Figure BDA0002553301950000133
Indicating a stable control operation for updating the electrical parameter.
Figure BDA0002553301950000134
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002553301950000135
representing the electrical parameters in the mirror image model of the dispatching center physical layer in the ith iteration process,
Figure BDA0002553301950000136
physical mirror image model for representing scheduling center in ith iteration process
Figure BDA0002553301950000137
A set of physical layer nodes in, satisfy
Figure BDA0002553301950000138
Figure BDA0002553301950000139
And representing the electrical parameter after the stable control in the ith iteration process. The dispatching center issues the updated electrical parameters to the information layer working nodes along with the control commands, the control information with the transmission delay larger than the threshold value MaxT fails to be transmitted, the corresponding information layer nodes do not execute the stabilization control commands, the power parameters of the coupled physical layer nodes are unchanged, the control information with the transmission delay smaller than or equal to the threshold value MaxT is successfully transmitted, the information layer nodes receiving the control information execute the stabilization control commands, and the control information processing method based on the control information comprises the steps of sending the updated electrical parameters to the information layer working nodes along with
Figure BDA00025533019500001310
And adjusting the power parameter of the coupled physical layer node. Carrying out load flow calculation on the physical layer power grid again, cutting off a serious overload circuit, updating the physical layer working subset to obtain the physical layer working subset N of the ith iterationpiPhysical layer model Gpi。
(Gpi,Npi)＝K(Gpi1,Npi1) (5)
And a third stage: information layer failure diffusion
Newly failed physical layer node causing couplerCombining information layer node set losing energy and failing depending on probability, wherein the failure probability is interlayer node coupling strength rho, and working subset N of information layer after initial failure is obtained in the first iterationc0Removing the failure node, repeating the steps, and repeating the steps for i times, wherein the information layer working subset N obtained from the previous iteration is obtainedc(i-1)Removing the failure node, and operating by using Floyd-Warshall algorithm in a similar stage I to obtain an information layer working node set N of the ith iterationciAnd information layer model Gci。
Figure BDA0002553301950000141
Figure BDA0002553301950000142
The cascade fault development process of the power information physical system can be summarized as a continuous iteration process between a stage two and a stage three triggered by the initial node fault of the stage one. After the third stage, entering the second stage to start a new iteration, and outputting a physical layer working subset N of each iteration by formula (5)piPhysical layer model GpiEquation (7) outputs the information layer working subset N for each iterationciInformation layer model GciAnd after each iteration is finished, comparing the iteration result with the iteration result of the previous iteration, if no new failure node or system physical layer breakdown is generated, ending the cascade fault iteration process, otherwise, continuing the iteration.
A cascade fault simulation system for a power information physical system comprises:
the initial module is used for acquiring an initial fault node set formed after an initial fault, and acquiring an initial information layer model of the power information physical system model after the initial fault according to the initial fault node set;
the information layer diffusion module is used for simulating according to the current fault of the information layer, diffusing the failure influence to the physical layer through the monitoring relation of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes, and obtaining a physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer;
the physical layer diffusion module is used for simulating according to the current fault of the physical layer, diffusing the failure influence to the information layer through the energy supply relation of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes, and obtaining an information layer model under the current fault of the physical layer;
and the cycle simulation module is used for performing cycle simulation according to the current faults of the information layer and the physical layer until the current simulation model result is the same as that of the previous simulation model result or the current physical layer collapses, and completing the cascade fault simulation facing the power information physical system.
A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform a power information physical system cascade fault simulation method as described above.
Firstly, establishing a power information physical system model considering communication transmission factors, analyzing an information layer fault influence mode, and determining an interaction mechanism between system layers; and then, a classical seepage model is improved, the influence of information transmission delay on a stable control function is considered, the fault is merged into the alternating propagation process of the fault in an information layer and a physical layer in stages, and a power information physical system cascading fault model considering the operation characteristic of the information layer is constructed.
The invention provides a cascading failure model of a power information physical system considering the running characteristics of an information layer, and provides a cascading failure simulation method for effectively preventing large-scale power failure accidents.
According to the method, the information layer fault influence mode is analyzed, and the meaning of the coupling strength rho is enriched, so that the energy supply relation and the monitoring relation between the physical layer node and the information layer node in the system are described by means of the coupling edge matrix, the interlayer interaction of the electric power information physical system is more comprehensively embodied, and the modeling of the system cascade fault is facilitated; the method considers the influence of the problems of network connectivity reduction, transmission delay rise and the like caused by information layer node faults on the development process of the system cascading faults, describes the system behaviors of different stages of the fault development, realizes the modeling of the cascading faults of the power information physical system, and solves the problem that the existing model is not sufficient in consideration of the operation characteristics of the information layer. The cascading failure model provided by the invention can more accurately describe the occurrence and development of cascading failures in the power information physical system, is convenient for analyzing the whole vulnerability of the power information physical system, and provides guidance for planning and designing and optimizing and upgrading the system.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

Claims (10)

1. The cascade fault simulation method for the power information physical system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) acquiring an initial fault node set formed after an initial fault, and acquiring an initial information layer model of the power information physical system model after the initial fault according to the initial fault node set;
(2) simulating according to the current fault of the information layer, and diffusing the failure influence to the physical layer through the monitoring relation of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes to obtain a physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer;
(3) simulating according to the current fault of the physical layer, and diffusing the failure influence to the information layer through the energy supply relation of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes to obtain an information layer model under the current fault of the physical layer;
(4) and performing cycle simulation according to the current faults of the information layer and the physical layer until the current simulation model result is the same as that of the previous simulation or the current physical layer collapses, and completing the cascade fault simulation facing the power information physical system.
2. The cascade fault simulation method for the power information physical system according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), according to an interlayer coupling relationship between a physical layer and an information layer in the power information physical system, the topological characteristics and the transmission characteristics of the information layer and the physical layer are respectively modeled to obtain a double-layer coupling power information physical system model with the integration of a primary power grid of the physical layer and a communication system of the information layer.
3. The cascade fault simulation method for the electric power information physical system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electric power information physical system model is ξ (G)p，Gc，ED) Wherein G ispAs a physical layer model, GcAs an information layer model, EDIs a coupled edge matrix.
4. The cascade fault simulation method for the power information physical system according to claim 3, wherein the coupling edge matrix of the information network dependent on the physical power grid is obtained according to the energy supply relationship of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes and the monitoring relationship of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes.
5. The cascade fault simulation method for the electric power information physical system according to claim 3, wherein the coupling edge matrix ED＝{Ec-p，Ep-cIn which Ep-cRepresenting a coupling edge matrix of the physical power grid depending on the information network, wherein matrix elements represent the coupling strength of the failure of the information layer nodes to influence the normal operation of the physical layer nodes;
Ec-pthe information network is represented by a coupling edge matrix of a physical power grid, and matrix elements represent coupling strength of the failure of physical layer nodes and the influence of the failure of the information layer nodes on the normal operation of the information layer nodes.
6. The cascade fault simulation method for the power information physical system according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer is obtained by calculating with the minimum load loss as an objective function.
7. The cascade fault simulation method for power information physical system according to claim 6,
the objective function is: min fLL(G) (8)
The constraint of the objective function is ∑k∈in(u)Fk-∑k∈out(u)Fk+∑g∈g(u)Pg＝Lu-LSu(9)
Puv＝Buv(u-v) (10)
Figure FDA0002553301940000021
Figure FDA0002553301940000022
8. The cascade fault simulation method for the power information physical system according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of the step (4) is as follows: performing cycle simulation according to the current fault of the information layer, and performing simulation in the (i-1) th round to obtain an information layer model Gc(i-1)The model G of the information layer is obtained by the simulation of the ith roundci；
Performing cycle simulation according to the current fault of the physical layer, and performing simulation in the (i-1) th round to obtain a physical layer model Gp(i-1)The ith round of simulation obtains a physical layer model Gpi；
Obtaining a physical layer model G obtained by the ith round of simulation by adopting a Tarjan algorithmpiConnecting components, judging whether the internal power of the connected components is balanced or not by adopting a direct current power flow equation, and if the internal power of the connected components is not balanced, obtaining a physical layer model G through simulation of the ith roundpiCollapse;
when G isci＝Gc(i-1)And Gpi＝Gp(i-1)The physical layer model G obtained by the simulation of the time or the ith roundpiAnd when the system is broken down, stopping the cycle simulation, and completing the cascade fault simulation of the physical system facing the power information.
9. A cascade fault simulation system for a power information physical system is characterized by comprising:
the initial module is used for acquiring an initial fault node set formed after an initial fault, and acquiring an initial information layer model of the power information physical system model after the initial fault according to the initial fault node set;
the information layer diffusion module is used for simulating according to the current fault of the information layer, diffusing the failure influence to the physical layer through the monitoring relation of the information layer nodes to the physical layer nodes, and obtaining a physical layer model under the current fault of the information layer;
the physical layer diffusion module is used for simulating according to the current fault of the physical layer, diffusing the failure influence to the information layer through the energy supply relation of the physical layer nodes to the information layer nodes, and obtaining an information layer model under the current fault of the physical layer;
and the cycle simulation module is used for performing cycle simulation according to the current faults of the information layer and the physical layer until the current simulation model result is the same as that of the previous simulation model result or the current physical layer collapses, and completing the cascade fault simulation facing the power information physical system.
10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to execute the power information physical system cascade fault simulation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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