CN103065193A - On-line intelligent identification method of provincial level power grid cascading failures - Google Patents
On-line intelligent identification method of provincial level power grid cascading failures Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is an on-line intelligent identification method of provincial level power grid cascading failures. A graph theory principle is used for dividing a system line into branches and links. Aiming at a tree-shaped structure of a system, a synergetic multi-group genetic algorithm is used, optimal solution ecological niche radiuses are solved in a self-adapting mode, and therefore a batch of dangerous tree-shaped structures of different modes can be found. Branches which are over a limitation in trend are selected in the dangerous tree-shaped structures and used as target lines, and a line, strongly corresponding to each target line, in the links is found. The lines and target lines form a key section. According to the method, the dangerous tree-shaped structures are only found in a system tree-shaped structure, then the key sections are searched only in the dangerous tree-shaped structure, problem solving space is greatly reduced, line failure reasons are not limited, and non-common-reason multiple failures which can cause the cascading failures can be found.
Description
Technical field
A kind of provincial power network cascading failure of the present invention on-line intelligence discrimination method relates to field of power.
Background technology
The power grid cascading failure problems is a more noticeable in recent years problem, the generation of accident is accompanied by the cascading failure phenomenon usually owing to having a power failure on a large scale, along with the frequent occurrence of the accident of having a power failure on a large scale all over the world recent years, increasing for the research of cascading failure problem.Since 2003, the U.S.-Canada, Russia, Britain, Denmark-Sweden, the accident of having a power failure on a large scale has occured in Belgium, Italy in succession.On November 4th, 2006, the most serious accident over 30 years has occured in 8 countries in West Europe.Relevant accident statistics data and studies show that, the accident of having a power failure on a large scale not is the very little events of probability of happening of thinking before the people.In China, along with progressively implementing and economic develop rapidly of the West-to-East Electricity Transmission Project, extra-high voltage grid, the electrical network scale is day by day huge, and Operation and management is increasingly sophisticated, and large electrical network feature is day by day obvious:
1), electrical network aspect: China is just greatly developing extra-high voltage grid, construction period, key electrical network 1000kV exchanges with 500kV, ± 800kV, ± 500kV direct current is also deposited, and each large regional grid of the whole nation joins together substantially, and a large amount of electric energy exchanges of interregional existence, one even many critical circuits faults will cause complicated trend transfer process this moment, strengthen trend and shift the risk that causes system's cascading failure.
2), power supply aspect: China will greatly develop regenerative resource, the renewable energy power generation of from now on ten-year programme access electrical network will reach 10% of net capacity, wherein wind-power electricity generation accounts for very large proportion, China wind resource many places are in the west area, far from load center, and wind-powered electricity generation itself fluctuation is very large, and very difficult Accurate Prediction its exert oneself, therefore also strengthened trend and shifted the risk that causes system's cascading failure.
Therefore, how avoiding and reduce the risk of the accident of having a power failure on a large scale, is problem in the urgent need to address of present electric power netting safe running.The identification of section and monitoring are the key means that the yardman guarantees electric power netting safe running.Mainly be to lean on fortune side personnel at EMS some system core sections to be set by rule of thumb by the given system core section of off-line analysis and dispatcher at present.Aforesaid way has been not suitable with the requirement of power network development and safe operation, and has following problem:
Off-line analysis can only be for several typical way, when system because equipment failure or other reason are when causing changes of operating modes, be difficult at present potential danger and key sections of discovery system, the dispatcher also is difficult in time take measures take precautions against and avoid the contingent cascading failure of system.When fortune side or dispatcher manually specify section, all be with the personal experience and to the awareness and understanding of system, be difficult to system is carried out comprehensive and systematic analysis, have unavoidably the possibility of failing to judge.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method, utilize the graph theory principle, in system's tree structure, find out the dangerous tree structure of a collection of different mode, then in dangerous tree structure, adopt the search strategy of search " critical circuits collection ", search and cause the non-altogether because of multiple failure of cascading failure.
Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is to realize by such technical scheme: a kind of provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method, may further comprise the steps: step 1: adopt niche genetic algorithm on multiple populations to search for dangerous tree structure, adopt collaborative multi-population Genetic Algorithm, and self-adaptation is found the solution each optimization solution microhabitat radius, guarantee the diversity of gene in the population, thereby found the dangerous tree structure of a collection of different mode.
Step 2: determine key sections, after obtaining dangerous tree structure, choosing the out-of-limit tree of trend in tree structure props up, it as target line, with the method for dynamic programming, is sought in chord circuit with its strong correlation to each target line, under the system complete mode of connection, as causing that certain target line trend increase is larger after certain bar chord disconnection, claim so this chord and target line strong correlation, these circuits and target line have consisted of a key sections;
After obtaining key sections, further research also comprises: key node identification, although be in the situation that the given key sections of finding out of the initial operating mode of system, but still can be applied to the system node sudden load increase, perhaps the situation of larger variation occurs in generated output, to cause that the Line Flow increase in the key sections is larger if certain node generator tripping or load increase, this node belongs to key node or dangerous load growth node for this key sections so.
Step 3: determine the cascading failure pattern that most probable occurs, key sections has been pointed out may making up of system's cascading failure, but the probability that not consideration accident occurs, in the situations such as maintenance levels of considering common cause fault, relay equipment hidden fault, equipment itself, probability with deterministic method calculating accident generation, thereby search out a collection of cascading failure pattern of probability of happening maximum, for the few key sections of number of lines, can search for the cascading failure that most probable occurs with enumeration methodology.
A kind of provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method finds the collaborative multi-population Genetic Algorithm of the dangerous tree structure of a collection of different mode in the described step 1, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: generate at random first a plurality of sub-populations;
Step 2: every sub-population independently carries out genetic computation, obtains an optimum solution, and the optimum solution of each sub-population has consisted of the optimum solution set;
Step 3: the gene similarity of calculating individuality during each individuality is gathered with optimum solution in each sub-population;
Step 4: according to the fitness numerical value of the sub-population at individual of gene similarity correction, the gene similarity is higher, and it is more that fitness numerical value reduces;
Step 5: each sub-population at individual adopts new fitness numerical value, re-starts genetic algorithm and calculates;
Step 6: repeating step 2～step 5, until algorithm convergence.
A kind of provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method, in the described step 2 in the dangerous tree structure of system the searching method of searched key sets of lines, may further comprise the steps:
Step is 1.: the dangerous tree structure gene of the system of reading in;
Step is 2.: decoding, and call the trend subroutine and carry out trend and calculate;
Step is 3.: choose out-of-limit tree and prop up, as target line, calculate one by one its critical circuits collection;
Step is 4.: a. adopts the power flow algorithm of cut-offfing based on sensitivity in system complete wiring situation, ask the chord circuit that target line is turn-offed the trend maximum, with its disconnection, checks whether this moment target line is out-of-limit;
B. repeat the first step, until target line out-of-limit till;
C. the chord of this process disconnection, and target line (tree props up) has namely consisted of a critical circuits collection.
Step is 5.: judge whether to handle that all out-of-limit trees prop up in this dangerous structure, if then execution in step 6., if not then repeating step is 4.;
Step is 6.: judge whether to handle all dangerous structures of system, if, then stopping to calculate, output is record result of calculation also; If not then repeating step 1., step 2., step 3., step 4., step 5..
The search of dangerous tree structure and key sections is np complete problem, and for large system, it is impossible finding all key sections in theory.The present invention is by dwindling the problem solving space, and adopts high-efficiency search method to improve the counting yield of algorithm:
1) from the algorithm design strategy, the cascading failure search thinking that the present invention proposes is searched key section in the dangerous tree structure of system only, has reduced widely the problem solving space, thus improve algorithm search efficiency.Searched key section rather than minimal cut set have reduced number of solutions, have also reduced separating the requirement of precision.When practical application, can play forewarning function with the minimum wire collection as the accident screening implement, and can adopt other more detailed computational tool further to determine the accident hazard degree.And for the normal system of load level, the number of dangerous tree structure and key sections is relative less, is conducive on the contrary search and management.Can by the load variations situation, be divided into several typical conditions with 1 year and be studied for real system.
2) from concrete methods of realizing, niche genetic algorithm is except having the very strong pattern search ability of general genetic algorithm, can also in population, keep more pattern, satisfy the requirement of finding a collection of dangerous tree structure, adopt based on the coding of minimum spanning tree, the efficient that coding/decoding method has further improved genetic algorithm.
The present invention utilizes the graph theory principle, system line is divided into tree props up and chord.For a tree structure of system, adopt collaborative multi-population Genetic Algorithm, and self-adaptation finds the solution each optimization solution microhabitat radius, thereby find the dangerous tree structure of a collection of different mode.Then in tree structure, choose the out-of-limit tree of trend in danger and prop up, it as target line, is sought in chord circuit with its strong correlation to each target line.These circuits and target line have consisted of a key sections.The present invention only looks for dangerous tree structure in system's tree structure, then searched key section in the tree structure of danger only, reduced widely the solution room of problem, and to the not restriction of line fault reason, can find out and to cause the non-altogether because of multiple failure of cascading failure.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the collaborative multi-population Genetic Algorithm process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is critical circuits collection searching algorithm process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is NewEngland-39 node system figure of the present invention.
Embodiment
The provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method that the present invention proposes may further comprise the steps:
1. adopt niche genetic algorithm on multiple populations to search for dangerous tree structure:
Genetic algorithm has the characteristic of global optimization, and very strong pattern search ability is arranged, the key step of niche genetic algorithm on multiple populations is: 1) generate at random first a plurality of sub-populations, 2) every sub-population independently carries out genetic computation, obtain an optimum solution, the optimum solution of each sub-population has consisted of the optimum solution set; 3) calculate in each sub-population gene similarity individual in each individual and optimum solution set; 4) according to the fitness numerical value of the sub-population at individual of gene similarity correction, the gene similarity is higher, and it is more that fitness numerical value reduces; 5) each sub-population at individual adopts new fitness numerical value, re-starts genetic algorithm and calculates; 6) repeated for 2～5 steps, until algorithm convergence.Can find out from above-mentioned calculation procedure, different with general genetic algorithm is, niche genetic algorithm on multiple populations is by revising individual fitness numerical value, improved fitness slightly poor but and the larger individual survival probability of " optimum solution " pattern difference, thereby kept population diversity, can find out the different optimum solution of a batch mode.We will come with it the tree structure of search system danger.Compare with genetic algorithm in the previous literature, maximum improvement is to have proposed a kind of chromosome coding method based on minimum spanning tree, in the decode procedure that generates the calculating such as initial population, crossover and mutation, utilize the minimal spanning tree algorithm decoding, the system of assurance is the tree-shaped mode of connection, avoid the generation of infeasible solution, and the random binary coded system produces a large amount of non-tree-shaped connection types, wasted calculated amount.
2. determine key sections:
After obtaining dangerous tree structure, in tree structure, choose the out-of-limit tree of trend and prop up, it as target line, is sought in chord circuit with its strong correlation to each target line.Under the system complete mode of connection, as causing that certain target line trend increase is larger after certain bar chord disconnection, we claim this chord and target line strong correlation so, and finding out with the circuit (chord) of this target line strong correlation, these circuits and target line have consisted of a key sections.Because have many chords and its strong correlation for a tree Zhi Keneng, therefore can with the method for dynamic programming, find out one by one its strong correlation chord.Same or analogous key sections may be obtained by different danger trees, corresponding identification and fusion method should be studied.After obtaining key sections, further research also comprises: key node identification.Although we are in the situation that the given key sections of finding out of the initial operating mode of system, but still can be applied to the system node sudden load increase, perhaps the situation of larger variation occurs in generated output.If increasing, certain node generator tripping or load will cause that the Line Flow increase in the key sections is larger.This node belongs to key node or dangerous load growth node for this key sections so.
The searching method of searched key sets of lines in the dangerous tree structure of system may further comprise the steps:
Step is 1.: the dangerous tree structure gene of the system of reading in;
Step is 2.: decoding, and call the trend subroutine and carry out trend and calculate;
Step is 3.: choose out-of-limit tree and prop up, as target line, calculate one by one its critical circuits collection;
Step is 4.: a. adopts the power flow algorithm of cut-offfing based on sensitivity in system complete wiring situation, ask the chord circuit that target line is turn-offed the trend maximum, with its disconnection, checks whether this moment target line is out-of-limit;
B. repeat the first step, until target line out-of-limit till;
C. the chord of this process disconnection, and target line (tree props up) has namely consisted of a critical circuits collection.
Step is 5.: judge whether to handle that all out-of-limit trees prop up in this dangerous structure, if then execution in step 6., if not then repeating step is 4.;
Step is 6.: judge whether to handle all dangerous structures of system, if, then stopping to calculate, output is record result of calculation also; If not then repeating step 1., step 2., step 3., step 4., step 5..
3. determine the cascading failure pattern that most probable occurs:
Key sections has been pointed out may making up of system's cascading failure, but the probability that not consideration accident occurs.In the situations such as maintenance levels of considering common cause fault, relay equipment hidden fault, equipment itself, the probability that occurs with deterministic method calculating accident, thus search out a collection of cascading failure pattern of probability of happening maximum, confession related personnel reference.For the few key sections of number of lines, can search for the cascading failure that most probable occurs with enumeration methodology.
Below be one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 3 is the NewEngland-39 node system.This system is ieee standard test example.This example electric parameter comprises that node, circuit number all adopt raw data, does not make an amendment.
Use the present invention and find out altogether 3 dangerous tree structures, and 14 cascading failure patterns, the result is as follows:
(1), first dangerous structure:
All trees prop up a tree structure that has consisted of system, and native system has 39 nodes, therefore have 38 trees to prop up, and more because of circuit, we only list all 8 chord line numbers: 2,3,11,16,23,25,33.Other 38 branch roads of system are tree and prop up.
(2), second dangerous structure:
More because of circuit, we only list all chord line numbers: 11,15,16,18,20,27,31,32
(3), the 3rd dangerous structure:
More because of circuit, we only list all chord line numbers: 3,9,14,18,25,29,32,36
As can be seen from the above:
1), 3 dangerous structures are different, have embodied the different tree-shaped mode of connection of system.
2), the cascading failure pattern that finds of different dangerous structures has some identical.
3), can find a collection of cascading failure of system by the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: adopt niche genetic algorithm on multiple populations to search for dangerous tree structure, adopt collaborative multi-population Genetic Algorithm, and self-adaptation is found the solution each optimization solution microhabitat radius, has guaranteed the diversity of gene in the population, thereby finds the dangerous tree structure of a collection of different mode.
Step 2: determine key sections, after obtaining dangerous tree structure, choosing the out-of-limit tree of trend in tree structure props up, it as target line, with the method for dynamic programming, is sought in chord circuit with its strong correlation to each target line, under the system complete mode of connection, as causing that certain target line trend increase is larger after certain bar chord disconnection, claim so this chord and target line strong correlation, these circuits and target line have consisted of a key sections;
After obtaining key sections, further research also comprises: key node identification, although be in the situation that the given key sections of finding out of the initial operating mode of system, but still can be applied to the system node sudden load increase, perhaps the situation of larger variation occurs in generated output, to cause that the Line Flow increase in the key sections is larger if certain node generator tripping or load increase, this node belongs to key node or dangerous load growth node for this key sections so.
Step 3: determine the cascading failure pattern that most probable occurs, key sections has been pointed out may making up of system's cascading failure, but the probability that not consideration accident occurs, in the situations such as maintenance levels of considering common cause fault, relay equipment hidden fault, equipment itself, probability with deterministic method calculating accident generation, thereby search out a collection of cascading failure pattern of probability of happening maximum, for the few key sections of number of lines, can search for the cascading failure that most probable occurs with enumeration methodology.
2. a kind of provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, finds the collaborative multi-population Genetic Algorithm of the dangerous tree structure of a collection of different mode in the described step 1, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: generate at random first a plurality of sub-populations;
Step 2: every sub-population independently carries out genetic computation, obtains an optimum solution, and the optimum solution of each sub-population has consisted of the optimum solution set;
Step 3: the gene similarity of calculating individuality during each individuality is gathered with optimum solution in each sub-population;
Step 4: according to the fitness numerical value of the sub-population at individual of gene similarity correction, the gene similarity is higher, and it is more that fitness numerical value reduces;
Step 5: each sub-population at individual adopts new fitness numerical value, re-starts genetic algorithm and calculates;
Step 6: repeating step 2～step 5, until algorithm convergence.
3. a kind of provincial power network cascading failure on-line intelligence discrimination method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step 2 in the dangerous tree structure of system the searching method of searched key sets of lines, may further comprise the steps:
Step is 1.: the dangerous tree structure gene of the system of reading in;
Step is 2.: decoding, and call the trend subroutine and carry out trend and calculate;
Step is 3.: choose out-of-limit tree and prop up, as target line, calculate one by one its critical circuits collection;
Step is 4.: a. adopts the power flow algorithm of cut-offfing based on sensitivity in system complete wiring situation, ask the chord circuit that target line is turn-offed the trend maximum, with its disconnection, checks whether this moment target line is out-of-limit;
B. repeat the first step, until target line out-of-limit till;
C. the chord that disconnects of this process, and target line has namely consisted of a critical circuits collection.
Step is 5.: judge whether to handle that all out-of-limit trees prop up in this dangerous structure, if then execution in step 6., if not then repeating step is 4.;
Step is 6.: judge whether to handle all dangerous structures of system, if, then stopping to calculate, output is record result of calculation also; If not then repeating step 1., step 2., step 3., step 4., step 5..
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| CN103544659A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 国家电网公司 | Electric power system risk assessment common cause failure sampling method |
| CN104253433A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-31 | 国家电网公司 | Method for reducing large-scale power outage |
| CN105207196A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-30 | 三峡大学 | Power grid key line identification method based on active power flow betweenness |
| CN106385034A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-08 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Power grid dynamic partition calculating method based on N-1 security checking |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103544659A (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2014-01-29 | 国家电网公司 | Electric power system risk assessment common cause failure sampling method |
| CN104253433A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2014-12-31 | 国家电网公司 | Method for reducing large-scale power outage |
| CN105207196A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-12-30 | 三峡大学 | Power grid key line identification method based on active power flow betweenness |
| CN105207196B (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2018-08-14 | 三峡大学 | A kind of power grid critical circuits discrimination method based on effective power flow betweenness |
| CN106385034A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-02-08 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | Power grid dynamic partition calculating method based on N-1 security checking |
| CN106385034B (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2018-09-28 | 国电南瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of power grid dynamic Zoning Calculation method based on N-1 Security Checkings |
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