CN111744670B - Method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspension co-roasting of red mud and coal gangue - Google Patents

Method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspension co-roasting of red mud and coal gangue Download PDF

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CN111744670B
CN111744670B CN202010613712.6A CN202010613712A CN111744670B CN 111744670 B CN111744670 B CN 111744670B CN 202010613712 A CN202010613712 A CN 202010613712A CN 111744670 B CN111744670 B CN 111744670B
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red mud
coal gangue
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韩跃新
袁帅
柳晓
高鹏
李艳军
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Northeastern University China
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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    • B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
    • B03C1/30—Combinations with other devices, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
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    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C9/00—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks
    • B04C2009/002—Combinations with other devices, e.g. fans, expansion chambers, diffusors, water locks with external filters

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Abstract

A method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspending and co-roasting red mud and coal gangue comprises the following steps: (1) crushing and grinding the coal gangue; (2) mixing a red mud raw material and coal gangue powder; (3) conveying the mixed powder to a suspension high-temperature furnace, keeping the mixed powder in a suspension state under the action of negative pressure and airflow, heating the mixed powder to 650-1000 ℃, and dehydrating the mixed powder to form high-temperature powder; (4) the high-temperature powder enters a cyclone separator, the temperature is reduced to 600-950 ℃ to form a dehydrated material, and the dehydrated material enters a suspension roasting reducer; (5) introducing air and nitrogen into the suspension roasting reducer to enable the dehydrated materials to be in a suspension state, cooling to 500-800 ℃, and reacting; discharging the residual solid material as a reducing material; (6) and cooling the reduced material, grinding, and performing low-intensity magnetic separation to obtain magnetic iron ore concentrate and non-magnetic aluminum ore concentrate. The method has the advantages of short and efficient flow, low energy consumption, low treatment cost, good economy, environmental friendliness and easy realization of large-scale industrial application.

Description

Method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspension co-roasting of red mud and coal gangue
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral processing and environmental protection, in particular to a method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspension co-roasting of red mud and coal gangue.
Background
Red mud is red brown strong-alkaline fine waste slag discharged during the production of alumina, and most of the red mud is piled up and disposed at present, so that the red mud not only occupies land and pollutes soil, water and air, but also causes the waste of a large amount of useful metals; the safety, environment and ecological problems caused by red mud piling seriously threaten the sustainable development of the alumina industry.
The coal gangue is solid waste discharged in the coal mining and coal washing processes, and accounts for 10-20% of the total coal yield. At present, the annual emission of coal gangue in global coal mining industry is about 3.5 hundred million tons; the long-term stockpiling of the coal gangue can not only waste and pollute the land resources, but also cause landslide,Collapse, spontaneous combustion and other potential safety hazards, and the spontaneous combustion can generate a large amount of black smoke containing a large amount of CO and SO2、NOxAnd the like, seriously pollute the atmosphere and the water environment
The red mud and the coal gangue are rich in iron oxide and aluminum oxide components, and are valuable iron resources and aluminum resources. In addition, the coal gangue also contains a certain amount of fixed carbon, so that energy waste is caused by stockpiling, and if iron and aluminum in the red mud and the coal gangue can be effectively utilized, the pressure of resource shortage and environmental pollution in the steel industry and the alumina industry can be relieved to a great extent.
At present, the patent of mixed utilization of red mud and coal gangue is less, and the red mud and coal gangue are generally used for preparing microcrystalline glass, bricks, roadbed materials, cement and the like, so that the reutilization of the solid waste of the red mud and the coal gangue is realized, and the great loss and waste of iron and aluminum resources are caused; patent CN201310337154.5 discloses a method for activating coal gangue and/or fly ash by using red mud, and proposes to use coal gangue and/or fly ash, red mud and Na2CO3Batching, then sintering at 600-1000 ℃, and then performing acid leaching to extract alumina, the patent reduces the consumption of activating auxiliary agent alkali, realizes the cooperative treatment of red mud and coal gangue/or fly ash, but neglects the existence of fixed carbon in the coal gangue and a large amount of ferric oxide in the red mud, and wastes carbon resources and iron resources; at present, the iron minerals of the red mud are mostly separated by adopting strong magnetic separation or direct reduction/smelting-magnetic separation, the iron recovery rate of the strong magnetic separation method is extremely low, and the direct reduction smelting-magnetic separation method has the defects of high energy consumption and large consumption of reducing agents.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing mixed treatment technology of red mud and coal gangue, the invention provides a method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspending and co-roasting red mud and coal gangue.
The method comprises the following steps:
1. red mud with 30-50% of iron grade TFe is used as a red mud raw material; when the iron grade TFe of the red mud is less than 30%, carrying out weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation on the red mud to enrich iron elements, so as to obtain a red mud raw material with the iron grade TFe of 30-50%; crushing the coal gangue until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 12mm, then grinding the coal gangue until the part with the grain diameter of-0.038 mm accounts for more than or equal to 70 percent of the total mass, and preparing coal gangue powder;
2. mixing a red mud raw material and coal gangue powder to obtain mixed powder; the mass ratio of the red mud raw material to the coal gangue powder in the mixed powder is 1-15;
3. a suspension high-temperature furnace with a burner assembled below is adopted, a feed inlet is arranged at the lower part of the suspension high-temperature furnace, a discharge outlet at the upper part of the suspension high-temperature furnace is communicated with a feed inlet of a cyclone separator through a material channel, and an exhaust port of the cyclone separator is communicated with an induced draft fan through a pipeline; introducing natural gas into the combustor, combusting to generate combustion flue gas, and introducing the combustion flue gas into the suspension high-temperature furnace; conveying the mixed powder into a suspension high-temperature furnace through a feed port, under the condition of starting a draught fan, keeping the mixed powder in the suspension high-temperature furnace in a suspension state under the action of negative pressure and airflow, heating to 650-1000 ℃, removing adsorbed water and part of crystal water from the mixed powder, forming a solid part which is high-temperature powder, and a gas part which is water vapor and enters a cyclone separator through a material channel from a discharge port;
4. a discharge port of the cyclone separator is communicated with a feed port at the top of the suspension roasting reducer, high-temperature powder entering the cyclone separator is separated from water vapor, the temperature is reduced to 600-950 ℃ to form dehydrated material, and then the dehydrated material enters the suspension roasting reducer from the discharge port; the water vapor is discharged from an exhaust port of the cyclone separator;
5. the bottom of the suspension roasting reducer is provided with an air inlet and a nitrogen inlet, and the upper part of the suspension roasting reducer is provided with a discharge hole; introducing air and nitrogen into the suspension roasting reducer through an air inlet and a nitrogen inlet, enabling the dehydrated material entering the suspension roasting reducer to be in a suspension state under the action of negative pressure and airflow, cooling to 500-800 ℃, and reacting C in the dehydrated material with O in the air to generate CO, wherein the CO and Fe in the dehydrated material2O3Reduction reaction to generate Fe3O4And CO2With C and CO2Reacting to generate CO; discharging the residual solid material as a reduction material from a discharge hole of the suspension reduction roaster after the reaction is finished;
6. and cooling the reduced material to normal temperature, grinding the reduced material until the part with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounts for 60-95% of the total mass, and then carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation to obtain iron ore concentrate as the magnetic mineral and aluminum ore concentrate as the non-magnetic mineral.
In the step 1, the iron grade TFe of the red mud is 15-50%, and the red mud contains Al according to mass percentage2O3 12～22％。
In the step 1, the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 800-1800 Oe, the low-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the low-intensity magnetic separation is subjected to high-intensity magnetic separation, the magnetic field intensity of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 5000-12000 Oe, and the high-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the high-intensity magnetic separation is used as the red mud raw material.
In the step 1, the coal gangue contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 15～38％，SiO230-35%, 8-17% of fixed carbon and 5-16% of iron grade TFe.
In the step 3, the reaction formula for removing the crystal water is as follows:
Al2O3●SiO2●2H2O→Al2O3●SiO2+H2O、
Al2O3●H2O→Al2O3+H2O、
Al2O3●3H2O→Al2O3+3H2o and
Fe2O3●nH2O→Fe2O3+H2O。
in the step 5, when air and nitrogen are introduced into the suspension roasting reducer, the volume flow ratio of the air to the nitrogen is 1 (4-19).
In the step 5, the retention time of the dehydrated materials in the suspension roasting reducer is 2-20 min.
In the step 5, the main reaction formula of the dehydrated material in the suspension roasting reducer is as follows:
C+O→CO、
Fe2O3+CO→Fe3O4+CO2and
C+CO→CO2。
in the step 6, the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 700-2000 Oe.
The iron grade TFe of the iron ore concentrate is 55-65%, and the recovery rate of Fe is 60-85%.
The aluminum concentrate contains Al according to mass percent2O330～50％，Al2O3The recovery rate of the catalyst is 65-85%.
The main components of the aluminum concentrate are metakaolin generated by dehydrating the kaolinite and amorphous Al generated by dehydrating boehmite, diaspore and gibbsite2O3Amorphous Al2O3Exists in a form with higher activity, and is beneficial to the subsequent leaching of alumina.
The low-intensity magnetic separation and the high-intensity magnetic separation adopt a wet magnetic separator.
The method comprises the steps of enriching magnetite, hematite and limonite in the red mud by weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation, and dissociating kaolinite and fixed carbon in the coal gangue by grinding; then the two minerals are mixed for cyclone separation and suspension reduction (co-roasting), the mixing proportion can be coordinated according to different sources, and the adaptability to minerals with different components is strong; in the reduction reaction process, any coal-based or gas-based reducing agent is not required to be added or introduced, and the iron minerals in the red mud and the coal gangue can be fully reduced only by utilizing the fixed carbon contained in the coal gangue; meanwhile, alkali in the red mud can activate aluminum minerals such as kaolinite in the coal gangue in the roasting process, so that the dissolution of alumina in the coal gangue in acid in the follow-up process is improved.
The invention particularly discloses a method for suspension co-roasting of red mud and coal gangue powder, which can effectively reduce iron minerals in the red mud and the coal gangue powder and effectively remove crystal water in various aluminum minerals within a roasting temperature range, and finally two products, namely iron concentrate and aluminum concentrate, are obtained; the method has the advantages of short and efficient process flow, low energy consumption, low treatment cost, good economy, environmental friendliness and easy realization of large-scale industrial application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspension co-roasting of red mud and coal gangue in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The iron grade TFe of the red mud adopted in the embodiment of the invention is 15-50%, and the red mud contains Al according to mass percentage2O3 12～22％，SiO22～7％，Na2O 1～5％。
The coal gangue adopted in the embodiment of the invention contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 15～38％，SiO230-35%, 8-17% of fixed carbon and 5-16% of iron grade TFe.
The main components of the aluminum concentrate in the embodiment of the invention are metakaolin generated by dehydrating the kaolinite and amorphous Al generated by dehydrating boehmite, diaspore and gibbsite2O3Amorphous Al2O3Exists in a form with higher activity, and is beneficial to the subsequent leaching of alumina.
In the embodiment of the invention, a wet magnetic separator is adopted for weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation.
In the embodiment of the invention, a dust remover is arranged on a pipeline for communicating the cyclone separator with the induced draft fan. A heat exchanger is arranged on a pipeline between the dust remover and the induced draft fan; and a preheating cyclone separator is arranged on a pipeline between the cyclone separator and the dust remover, and a discharge hole of the preheating cyclone separator is communicated with a feed hole of the suspension high-temperature furnace and is used for conveying preheated mixed powder to the suspension high-temperature furnace.
In the embodiment of the invention, the distilled water is discharged from the cyclone separator, enters the preheating cyclone separator, the gas after cyclone separation enters the dust remover, enters the heat exchanger for heat exchange after carrying dust is removed, and then is discharged by the induced draft fan.
Example 1
The flow is shown in figure 1;
the iron grade TFe 46.17% of the red mud contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 12.03％，SiO2 2.77％，Na2O1.9 percent, wherein the iron minerals mainly comprise hematite and goethite;
the adopted coal gangue contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 27.08％，SiO230.58 percent, 15.17 percent of fixed carbon and 5.67 percent of iron grade TFeI, wherein the aluminum minerals mainly comprise kaolinite and illite; crushing the coal gangue until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 12mm, then grinding the coal gangue until the part with the grain diameter of-0.038 mm accounts for 80 percent of the total mass, and preparing coal gangue powder;
mixing a red mud raw material and coal gangue powder to obtain mixed powder; the mass ratio of the red mud raw material to the coal gangue powder in the mixed powder is 4;
a suspension high-temperature furnace with a burner assembled below is adopted, a feed inlet is arranged at the lower part of the suspension high-temperature furnace, a discharge outlet at the upper part of the suspension high-temperature furnace is communicated with a feed inlet of a cyclone separator through a material channel, and an exhaust port of the cyclone separator is communicated with an induced draft fan through a pipeline; introducing natural gas into a combustor, enabling combustion flue gas generated by combustion to enter a suspension high-temperature furnace, conveying mixed powder into the suspension high-temperature furnace through a feed inlet, enabling the mixed powder in the suspension high-temperature furnace to be in a suspension state under the action of negative pressure and airflow under the condition of starting an induced draft fan, heating to 650 ℃, enabling the mixed powder to remove adsorbed water and part of crystal water, enabling the formed solid part to be high-temperature powder, enabling the formed gas part to be water vapor, and enabling the gas part to enter a cyclone separator through a material channel from a discharge port;
the discharge hole of the cyclone separator is communicated with the feed inlet at the top of the suspension roasting reducer, high-temperature powder entering the cyclone separator is separated from water vapor, and the temperature is reduced to 600 ℃ to form dehydrated material, and then the dehydrated material enters the suspension roasting reducer from the discharge hole; the water vapor is discharged from an exhaust port of the cyclone separator;
the bottom of the suspension roasting reducer is provided with an air inlet and a nitrogen inlet, and the upper part of the suspension roasting reducer is provided with a discharge hole; introducing air and nitrogen into the suspension roasting reducer through an air inlet and a nitrogen inlet, wherein the volume flow ratio of the air to the nitrogen is 1:6, so that the dehydrated material entering the suspension roasting reducer is in a suspension state under the action of negative pressure and airflow, the temperature is reduced to 550 ℃, C in the dehydrated material reacts with O in the air to generate CO, and the CO reacts with Fe in the dehydrated material2O3Reduction reaction to generate Fe3O4And CO2While C and CO2Reacting to generate CO; the solid material remained after the reaction is finished is used asReducing the material, and discharging from a discharge port of the suspension roasting reducer; the retention time of the dehydrated materials in the suspension roasting reducer is 5 min;
cooling the reduced material to normal temperature, grinding the reduced material until the part with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounts for 75% of the total mass, then carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1200Oe, the obtained magnetic mineral is iron ore concentrate, the nonmagnetic mineral is aluminum ore concentrate, the iron grade TFe of the iron ore concentrate is 60.25%, the recovery rate of Fe is 68.22%, and the aluminum ore concentrate contains Al according to the mass percentage2O336.06％，Al2O379.33% recovery.
Example 2
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron grade TFe of the red mud adopted is 26.52 percent, and the red mud contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 17.23％，SiO26.89％，Na24.3 percent of O; carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation on red mud, wherein the magnetic field intensity is 1000Oe, carrying out high-intensity magnetic separation on low-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the low-intensity magnetic separation, the magnetic field intensity is 9000Oe, the high-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the high-intensity magnetic separation is used as a red mud raw material, the iron grade TFe is 36.53%, and the red mud raw material contains Al in percentage by mass2O3 13.23％；
(2) The adopted coal gangue contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 19.08％，SiO232.87 percent, fixed carbon 10.46 percent and iron grade TFe 15.67 percent; crushing the coal gangue until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 12mm, then grinding until the part with the grain diameter of-0.038 mm accounts for 85 percent of the total mass, and preparing coal gangue powder;
(3) the mass ratio of the red mud raw material to the coal gangue powder in the mixed powder is 6;
(4) heating the mixed powder in the suspension high-temperature furnace to 800 ℃;
(5) the temperature of the high-temperature powder entering the cyclone separator is reduced to 750 ℃ to form dehydrated material;
(6) the volume flow ratio of air to nitrogen in the suspension roasting reducer is 1:9, the temperature of the dehydrated material is reduced to 600 ℃, and the retention time in the suspension roasting reducer is 8 min;
(7) cooling the reduced material, grinding to a part with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounting for 80% of the total mass; the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1000 Oe;
(8) the iron grade TFe of the iron ore concentrate is 56.25 percent, the recovery rate of Fe is 72.07 percent, and the aluminum ore concentrate contains the iron ore concentrate according to the mass percent
Al2O331.25％，Al2O375.79% recovery.
Example 3
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron grade TFe of the adopted red mud is 19.74 percent, and the red mud contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 20.36％，SiO26.3％，Na21.7 percent of O; carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation on the red mud, wherein the magnetic field intensity is 1500Oe, carrying out high-intensity magnetic separation on low-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the low-intensity magnetic separation, the magnetic field intensity is 12000Oe, and the high-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the high-intensity magnetic separation is used as a red mud raw material;
(2) the adopted coal gangue contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 34.26％，SiO231.59 percent, fixed carbon 12.16 percent and iron grade TFe 11.45 percent; crushing the coal gangue until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 12mm, then grinding the coal gangue until the part with the grain diameter of-0.038 mm accounts for 75 percent of the total mass, and preparing coal gangue powder;
(3) the mass ratio of the red mud raw material to the coal gangue powder in the mixed powder is 10;
(4) heating the mixed powder in the suspension high-temperature furnace to 900 ℃;
(5) the temperature of the high-temperature powder entering the cyclone separator is reduced to 820 ℃ to form dehydrated material;
(6) the volume flow ratio of air to nitrogen in the suspension roasting reducer is 1:13, the temperature of the dehydrated material is reduced to 710 ℃, and the retention time in the suspension roasting reducer is 12 min;
(7) cooling the reduced material, grinding to a part with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounting for 85% of the total mass; the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 700 Oe;
(8) the iron grade TFe of the iron ore concentrate is 58.34 percent, the recovery rate of Fe is 69.92 percent, and the aluminum ore concentrate contains Al according to the mass percent2O335.49％，Al2O3The recovery rate of (A) was 71.18%.
Example 4
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron grade TFe 46.13% of the red mud contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 14.35％，SiO22.19％，Na2O2.24％；
(2) The adopted coal gangue contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 25.37％，SiO232.32%, fixed carbon 10.56%, iron grade TFe 7.38%; crushing the coal gangue until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 12mm, then grinding the coal gangue until the part with the grain diameter of-0.038 mm accounts for 90 percent of the total mass, and preparing coal gangue powder;
(3) the mass ratio of the red mud raw material to the coal gangue powder in the mixed powder is 12;
(4) heating the mixed powder in the suspension high-temperature furnace to 950 ℃;
(5) the temperature of the high-temperature powder entering the cyclone separator is reduced to 870 ℃ to form dehydrated material;
(6) the volume flow ratio of air to nitrogen in the suspension roasting reducer is 1:15, the temperature of the dehydrated material is reduced to 730 ℃, and the retention time in the suspension roasting reducer is 14 min;
(7) cooling the reduced material, grinding to a part with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounting for 90 percent of the total mass; the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 2000 Oe;
(8) the iron grade of the iron ore concentrate TFe 60.16 percent, the recovery rate of Fe 66.71 percent, and the aluminum ore concentrate containing Al according to the mass percent2O339.85％，Al2O379.83% recovery.
Example 5
The method is the same as example 1, except that:
(1) the iron grade TFe 39.17% of the red mud contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 18.65％，SiO23.25％，Na2O3.16％；
(2) The adopted coal gangue contains Al according to the mass percentage2O3 29.18％，SiO232.36 percent, fixed carbon 15.41 percent and iron grade TFe 9.22 percent; crushing the coal gangue until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 12mm, then grinding the coal gangue until the part with the grain diameter of-0.038 mm accounts for 95 percent of the total mass, and preparing coal gangue powder;
(3) the mass ratio of the red mud raw material to the coal gangue powder in the mixed powder is 15;
(4) heating the mixed powder in the suspension high-temperature furnace to 1000 ℃;
(5) the temperature of the high-temperature powder entering the cyclone separator is reduced to 950 ℃ to form dehydrated material;
(6) the volume flow ratio of air to nitrogen in the suspension roasting reducer is 1:19, the temperature of the dehydrated material is reduced to 800 ℃, and the retention time in the suspension roasting reducer is 15 min;
(7) cooling the reduced material, grinding to a part with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounting for 95% of the total mass; the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 1500 Oe;
(8) the iron grade of the iron ore concentrate TFe 58.43 percent, the recovery rate of Fe is 78.14 percent, and the aluminum ore concentrate contains Al according to the mass percent2O340.22％，Al2O374.58% recovery.

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspending and co-roasting red mud and coal gangue is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) red mud with 30-50% of iron grade TFe is used as a red mud raw material; when the iron grade TFe of the red mud is less than 30%, carrying out weak magnetic separation and strong magnetic separation on the red mud to enrich iron elements, so as to obtain a red mud raw material with the iron grade TFe of 30-50%; crushing the coal gangue until the grain diameter is less than or equal to 12mm, then grinding the coal gangue until the part with the grain diameter of-0.038 mm accounts for more than or equal to 70 percent of the total mass, and preparing coal gangue powder;
(2) mixing a red mud raw material and coal gangue powder to obtain mixed powder; the mass ratio of the red mud raw material to the coal gangue powder in the mixed powder is 1-15;
(3) a suspension high-temperature furnace with a burner assembled below is adopted, a feed inlet is arranged at the lower part of the suspension high-temperature furnace, a discharge outlet at the upper part of the suspension high-temperature furnace is communicated with a feed inlet of a cyclone separator through a material channel, and an exhaust port of the cyclone separator is communicated with an induced draft fan through a pipeline; introducing natural gas into a combustor, enabling combustion flue gas generated by combustion to enter a suspension high-temperature furnace, conveying mixed powder into the suspension high-temperature furnace through a feed inlet, enabling the mixed powder in the suspension high-temperature furnace to be in a suspension state under the action of negative pressure and airflow under the condition of starting an induced draft fan, heating to 650-1000 ℃, enabling the mixed powder to remove adsorbed water and part of crystal water, enabling the formed solid part to be high-temperature powder and the formed gas part to be water vapor, and enabling the gas part to enter a cyclone separator through a material channel from a discharge outlet;
(4) a discharge port of the cyclone separator is communicated with a feed port at the top of the suspension roasting reducer, high-temperature powder entering the cyclone separator is separated from water vapor, the temperature is reduced to 600-950 ℃ to form dehydrated material, and then the dehydrated material enters the suspension roasting reducer from the discharge port; the water vapor is discharged from an exhaust port of the cyclone separator;
(5) the bottom of the suspension roasting reducer is provided with an air inlet and a nitrogen inlet, and the upper part of the suspension roasting reducer is provided with a discharge hole; introducing air and nitrogen into the suspension roasting reducer through an air inlet and a nitrogen inlet, enabling the dehydrated material entering the suspension roasting reducer to be in a suspension state under the action of negative pressure and airflow, cooling to 500-800 ℃, and reacting C in the dehydrated material with O in the air to generate CO, wherein the CO and Fe in the dehydrated material2O3Reduction reaction to generate Fe3O4And CO2With C and CO2Reacting to generate CO; discharging the residual solid material as a reduction material from a discharge hole of the roasting reducer after the reaction is finished; when air and nitrogen are introduced into the suspension roasting reducer, the volume flow ratio of the air to the nitrogen is 1 (4-19); the retention time of the dehydrated materials in the suspension roasting reducer is 2-20 min;
(6) cooling the reduced material to normal temperature, grinding the reduced material until the part with the particle size of-0.038 mm accounts for 60-95% of the total mass, and then carrying out low-intensity magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 700-2000 Oe, and the obtained magnetic minerals are iron ore concentrates, and the non-magnetic minerals are aluminum ore concentrates; the iron grade TFe of the iron ore concentrate is 55-65%, and the recovery rate of Fe is 60-85%; the aluminum concentrate contains Al according to mass percent2O330~50%，Al2O3The recovery rate of the catalyst is 65-85%.
2. The method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspending and co-roasting red mud and coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the iron grade TFe of the red mud is 15-50% by massPercentage of Al2O3 12~22%。
3. The method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspension co-roasting the red mud and the coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the magnetic field intensity of the low-intensity magnetic separation is 800-1800 Oe, the low-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the low-intensity magnetic separation is subjected to high-intensity magnetic separation, the magnetic field intensity of the high-intensity magnetic separation is 5000-12000 Oe, and the high-intensity magnetic separation concentrate obtained by the high-intensity magnetic separation is used as a red mud raw material.
4. The method for preparing iron ore concentrate and aluminum ore concentrate by suspending and co-roasting red mud and coal gangue according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the coal gangue contains Al according to mass percentage2O3 15~38%，SiO230-35%, 8-17% of fixed carbon and 5-16% of iron grade TFe.
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