CN111735744A - Nozzle atomization space distribution evaluation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nozzle atomization space distribution evaluation method, which belongs to the field of industrial application and is realized by the following steps of 1, optimally mixing air and feed liquid, 2, acquiring images of an injection space, 3, carrying out subarea acquisition on an atomization area, 4, constructing radial statistic of a nozzle, 5, testing the atomization distribution condition of each axial section, and obtaining the character of a space enveloping body atomized by a space enveloping method. The invention establishes a corresponding method for evaluating the uniformity of the spatial distribution of the liquid drops. Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly solves the measurement of the average particle size and the size distribution of the liquid drops, the distribution condition of the liquid drops in the atomizing space and the shape of the space enveloping body of the atomizing nozzle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of industrial application, and particularly relates to a nozzle atomization space distribution evaluation method.
Background
Nozzle atomization is an important practical technique and is widely used in many industrial fields. Nozzle spraying is a complex physical process of variation. When the liquid is ejected from the nozzle, the liquid is collided and re-wiped by peripheral air flow, so that the surface of the liquid drop is subjected to forces with different sizes. Deformation and distortion occur. When the air force on the surface of the liquid drop is greater than the surface tension of the liquid, the liquid drop is broken up by the air force, i.e. into finer particles, which is the atomization of the nozzle. The atomization uniformity is the uniformity of the size distribution of atomized particles after the liquid is atomized, and generally, the higher the atomization uniformity is, the better the atomization effect is. Around the problem of nozzle atomization, researchers at home and abroad have conducted various studies. The scholars Jasuja early tested the influence of various factors on the Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD), and found that factors such as medium viscosity, surface tension, and spray pressure drop during atomization have a large influence on the sauter mean diameter through research. Chen et al further studied the effects of gas-liquid mass flow ratio, liquid injection pressure, and nozzle outlet diameter on the atomization characteristics of gas-liquid two-fluid nozzles under different ambient pressures based on the former. In the aspect of atomization measurement, with the development of measurement technology, Particle Imaging Velocimetry (PIV) instruments are also continuously present in nozzle atomization research, for example, Wu et al use two-dimensional PIV technology to investigate the atomization characteristics of DMM, DMC and DME fuels, and obtain the spray pattern and the droplet velocity field images thereof. With the development of CFD technology, the CFD technology is an effective means for nozzle atomization research. In terms of the atomization space, literature studies indicate that droplet drift in the aerosol state is quite severe. Although nozzle atomization has been studied for over 100 years, there are still many problems and confusion with atomization. In order to evaluate the quality of atomization, such as the average particle diameter and size distribution of droplets, it is necessary to measure the diameter of the atomized droplets, and particularly, corresponding studies are also performed on the distribution of the droplets in the atomization space. The invention provides a nozzle atomization space distribution evaluation method, namely quantitative description is carried out on the distribution conditions of atomized liquid drops in space respectively from the axial direction and the radial direction of nozzle atomization, and a corresponding liquid drop space distribution uniformity evaluation method is established.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly solves the measurement of the average particle size and the size distribution of the liquid drops, the distribution condition of the liquid drops in the atomizing space and the shape of the space enveloping body of the atomizing nozzle.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the evaluation method is widely applied in many industrial fields and is characterized in that: the method for evaluating the spray nozzle atomization space distribution is realized by the following steps of 1, enabling air and feed liquid to be optimally mixed, 2, collecting images of a spray space, 3, carrying out partition collection on an atomization area, 4, constructing radial statistic of a spray nozzle, and 5, obtaining the properties of a space enveloping body atomized by the spray nozzle.
Preferably, in the step 1, the air and the feed liquid are optimally mixed, the double-medium type air atomization nozzle is adopted to atomize and spray the feed liquid, the nozzle part completes the spray atomization of the feed liquid after the gas-liquid mixing, and the compressed air and the feed liquid are conveyed and controlled, and the feeding nozzle atomization experiment system comprises a feed liquid supply system and an atomization air supply system, so that the optimal mixing degree of the air and the feed liquid is achieved.
Preferably, step 2. acquiring an image of the ejection space: firstly, axial and radial experiment platforms are respectively built, wherein a square spraying space is adopted in the axial direction, a cylindrical spraying space is adopted in the radial direction, the axial and radial experiment platforms are built, the distribution condition of atomized liquid drops can be better researched from the axial direction and the radial direction of a nozzle, and the transverse and longitudinal spraying space shapes are different, so that the convenience and the undistortion of image acquisition are realized.
Preferably, in step 2, a photon FASTCAM Mini UX100 series high-speed video camera system is adopted for collecting the images of the injection space to perform atomization detection experiments, a shooting part is used for capturing feed liquid injection atomization and tracking the experiments in real time, and a backlight source in the experiments is a machine vision light source, wherein the backlight source scheme can enable the high-speed camera to work at a frame rate of more than 10000fps and is used for supplementing strong light required by the high-speed camera in a high-frame-number working state.
Preferably, step 3, the atomization area is collected in a partition mode, the atomization field is divided into multiple observation areas, the central area is selected as the observation area of the atomization effect, the experimental phenomenon is processed in a digital mode, and the obtained atomization data are collected. Through regional research, the particle size of each region is different, and the atomization condition of each region is different.
Preferably, in the step 4, nozzle radial statistics are constructed, the image after image processing is divided into n × m cells for the axial section of the nozzle, the area ratio of the characteristic liquid drops expected to be contained in each cell is obtained, then nozzle transverse statistics are constructed, the smaller the value of the nozzle transverse statistics is, the better the relative uniformity of the distribution of the characteristic liquid drops in the image is, the better the distribution of the atomized liquid drops in the image is when the nozzle transverse statistics is 0, and for the uniformity distribution of the atomized liquid drops in the radial section direction of the nozzle, the circle is divided into n equal parts due to the liquid drops distributed in the circular section of the roller, the area ratio of the characteristic liquid drops expected to be contained in each cell is obtained, and then the nozzle radial statistics are constructed.
Preferably, in the step 5, the behavior of the space envelope of the nozzle atomization is obtained, the atomization space of the nozzle is subjected to axial and radial experimental tests to obtain a series of data, the data are subjected to experimental analysis, the size and position data of the atomization characteristic liquid drop are imported into MATLAB, grid division and number identification are performed through programming, then the atomization uniformity calculation model is programmed, the uniformity result under each working condition can be obtained, the atomization distribution condition of each axial section is tested, and the behavior of the space envelope of the nozzle atomization is obtained by adopting a space envelope method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the distribution conditions of atomized liquid drops in the space are quantitatively described from the axial direction and the radial direction of the atomization of the nozzle, and a corresponding liquid drop space distribution uniformity evaluation method is established. Compared with the prior art, the invention mainly solves the measurement of the average particle size and the size distribution of the liquid drops, the distribution condition of the liquid drops in the atomizing space and the shape of the space enveloping body of the atomizing nozzle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a charging nozzle atomization experimental system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an axially distributed fogging detection system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the radial distribution test atomization cross-section detection in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an experimental image obtained by an axial high-speed camera of the axial section 1 under laser projection in the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the uniformity of droplet distribution in section 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the uniformity of droplet distribution in section 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a radial cross section 1 droplet distribution according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a distribution of droplet positions for each cross-sectional atomization feature of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a characteristic droplet-based atomization space envelope of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
And 2, respectively constructing an axial experiment platform and a radial experiment platform, wherein a square injection space is adopted in the axial direction, and a cylindrical injection space is adopted in the radial direction. The axial and radial experiment platforms are built, so that the distribution conditions of atomized liquid drops can be well researched from the axial direction and the radial direction of the nozzle, and the difference of the transverse and longitudinal spraying space shapes is realized, so that the convenience and the undistortion of image acquisition are realized.
And 3, secondly, a photon FASTCAM Mini UX100 series high-speed video camera system is adopted to carry out an atomization detection experiment, a shooting part is used for capturing the material liquid spray atomization and tracking the experiment in real time, and a backlight source in the experiment is a machine vision light source, wherein the backlight source scheme can enable the high-speed camera to work at a frame rate of more than 10000fps and is used for supplementing strong light required by the high-speed camera in a high-frame-number working state.
And 31, dividing the atomization field into multiple observation areas, and selecting a central area as an observation area of the atomization effect. And (4) carrying out digital processing on the experimental phenomenon, and collecting the obtained atomization data. Through regional research, the particle size of each region is different, and the atomization condition of each region is different.
And 4, in order to research the distribution condition of the liquid drops in the atomizing space after the nozzle is atomized, constructing the spatial distribution condition of the atomized liquid drops according to the atomizing effect of the nozzle, and respectively carrying out uniformity analysis from the axial direction and the radial direction. Dividing the image after image processing into n × m cells for the axial section of the nozzle, calculating the area ratio of the characteristic liquid drops expected to be contained in each cell, and then constructing the transverse nozzle statistic, wherein when the numerical value of the transverse nozzle statistic is smaller, the relative uniformity of the characteristic liquid drop distribution in the image is better. In theory, when the nozzle lateral statistic is 0, the distribution of atomized droplets in the image is absolutely uniform. For the uniformity distribution of atomized droplets in the radial cross section direction of the nozzle, the droplets are distributed in the circular cross section of the roller, the circle is divided into n equal parts, the area ratio of the characteristic droplets expected to be contained in each cell is calculated, and then the radial statistic of the nozzle is constructed.
And 5, carrying out axial and radial experimental tests on the atomizing space of the nozzle to obtain a series of data, and then carrying out experimental analysis on the data. And importing the size and position data of the atomization characteristic liquid drop into MATLAB, programming to perform grid division and number identification, and then programming the atomization uniformity calculation model to obtain uniformity results under each working condition. The atomizing space enveloping body character of the nozzle can be obtained by testing the atomizing distribution condition of each axial section and adopting a space enveloping method.
Example 1:
the design of the charging nozzle atomization experiment system comprises a feed liquid supply system and an atomization air supply system. The schematic diagram of the feed introduction nozzle atomization experimental system is shown in fig. 1. The experiment adopts the double-medium type air atomizing nozzle to atomize and spray the feed liquid, and the accurate conveying and control of two media, namely the conveying and control of compressed air and the feed liquid, must be considered in the design.
In order to study the distribution of atomized liquid droplets from the nozzle in the axial direction and the radial direction, an axial experimental platform and a radial experimental platform are respectively built, as shown in fig. 2 and 3. For the convenience of image acquisition and without distortion, a square jet space is used in the axial direction, as shown in fig. 2. A cylindrical jet space is used radially as shown in fig. 3.
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental platform system includes an atomizing nozzle, a hydraulic adjusting system, a high-speed camera system, and a data collecting part; the nozzle part finishes the spray atomization of the liquid after gas-liquid mixing; the shooting part is used for catching the sprayed and atomized feed liquid; the parameter adjusting part is used for adjusting parameters under different working conditions; the data acquisition section acquires captured spray atomization data. The experiment adopts a photon FASTCAM Mini UX100 series high-speed camera system to carry out the atomization detection experiment. The backlight source is a machine vision light source and is used for supplementing strong light required by the high-speed camera in a high-frame-number working state, and the high-speed camera can work at a frame rate of more than 10000 fps. In the experiment, an atomization field is divided into multiple observation areas shown in fig. 2(a), a central area is selected as an observation area of atomization effect, and through regional research, the particle size of each area is different, and the atomization condition of each area is different. When in radial experiment, the nozzle is arranged at the position of the axle center of the roller and sprays along the axle center of the roller. When axial and radial experiments are carried out, the feed liquid flow is 30kg/h, the temperature is 55 ℃, and the pressure is 3.5 bar.
In order to study the distribution of the liquid droplets in the atomization space after the nozzle atomization, the effect of the nozzle atomization was used. And constructing the spatial distribution of the atomized liquid drops.
Axial homogeneity analysis, axial cross-section of the nozzle, image-processedThe image is divided into n x m cells. Wherein q ispiRepresenting the number of characteristic drops in each cell, Q representing the total number of characteristic drops Qp=Q/n×m,qpIndicating the number of characteristic droplets that are expected to be contained within each cell. In addition, spiRepresenting the area of the characteristic drop in each cell, S representing the total area of the characteristic drops, S- ∑ SpiLet the area of each cell be s, let ppiRepresenting the area ratio of the particles in each cell, thenCharacteristic drop area expected to be contained within each cell: spSetting the area ratio of the characteristic liquid drop expected to be contained in each cell as ppThen p isp=∑ppiUniformly distributing characteristic liquid drops of/n × m, and constructing axial statistic T of nozzlepAs shown in formula (1).
Lower pair of T1,T2And (3) judging the uniformity distribution, wherein the main judgment basis is as follows: t is1,T2Is subject to a degree of freedom n-12Distribution, if T is obtained1,T2Value less than χα 2(n-1), it can be assumed that the atomized droplet distribution obeys a uniformity distribution with a confidence of α, when T1,T2Is less than or equal to xα 2(n-1), the uniform distribution is obtained. From equation (1), the smaller the value of T, the better the relative uniformity of the characteristic drop distribution in the image. In theory, when T is 0, the distribution of the aerosolized droplets in the image is absolutely uniform.
Radial uniformity analysis for nozzle radial sectionThe atomized liquid drops in the surface direction are uniformly distributed, and the liquid drops are distributed in the circular section of the roller, so that the roller is divided into n equal parts by adopting the method. Wherein q isaiRepresenting the number of characteristic droplets in each aliquot, Q representing the total number of characteristic droplets Qa=Q/n,qaIndicating the number of characteristic droplets expected to be contained in each aliquot. In addition, saiIndicates the area of the characteristic drop, S, within each aliquotaRepresenting the total area of the characteristic drop, S- ∑ SaiLet the area of each cell be s, let paiRepresenting the area ratio of the particles in each cell, thenCharacteristic drop area expected to be contained within each cell: saLet the ratio of the characteristic drop area expected to be contained in each cell be paIf the characteristic droplet is uniformly distributed, pa=∑paiAnd/n. The above construct statistic TaThe following steps are changed:
Based on the theoretical analysis and the built experimental test platform, the axial and radial experimental tests are respectively carried out on the atomizing space of the nozzle, a series of data are obtained, and then the data are subjected to experimental analysis.
Fig. 4 is an experimental image obtained by an axial high-speed camera of the axial cross section 1 under laser projection. And importing the size and position data of the atomization characteristic liquid drop into MATLAB, programming to perform grid division and number identification, and then programming the atomization uniformity calculation model to obtain uniformity results under each working condition. As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the droplet distributions of section 1 and section 3 are shown.
The experimental results of the atomization characteristic droplets were imported into MATLAB, grid division, and number recognition, and the uniformity results of the obtained sections 1 and 3 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 quantitative analysis of the uniformity of axial Cross-sections 1 and 3
Distribution T based on the above axial and radial uniformitypAnd TaAnd constructing an atomization uniformity index T.
T=μTp+(1-μ)Ta(3)
In formula (3): mu is Tp,TaWeight in between.
Fig. 7 shows the experimental results of the droplet distribution at the radial section 1 of the atomization space. The results are shown in Table 2 by comparing the radial and axial droplet distributions at section 1.
TABLE 5.2 quantitative analysis of atomization homogeneity
The characteristic droplet distribution of the remaining sections is shown in fig. 8, and due to the angular arrangement of the nozzles, it can be seen that most of the droplets are distributed in the left part of the atomization space. As the spray distance increases, more and more droplets are distributed in the left part of the drum, and at the position of the section 7, a large number of droplets collide with the drum wall. Based on the above facts, the cross section 7 was defined as a characteristic position of the uniformity study through the calculation study. By testing the atomization distribution conditions of all axial sections and adopting a space enveloping method, the shape of the space enveloping body of the nozzle atomization can be obtained, as shown in fig. 9.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes and modifications can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A nozzle atomization space distribution evaluation method is characterized in that: the evaluation method is widely applied in many industrial fields and is characterized in that: the method for evaluating the spray nozzle atomization space distribution is realized by the following steps of 1, enabling air and feed liquid to be optimally mixed, 2, collecting images of a spray space, 3, carrying out partition collection on an atomization area, 4, constructing radial statistic of a spray nozzle, and 5, obtaining the properties of a space enveloping body atomized by the spray nozzle.
2. The method for evaluating the atomization spatial distribution of a nozzle according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps of 1, optimally mixing air and feed liquid, atomizing and spraying the feed liquid by adopting a double-medium type air atomizing nozzle, spraying and atomizing the feed liquid after gas-liquid mixing by using a nozzle part, and conveying and controlling compressed air and the feed liquid.
3. A nozzle atomization spatial distribution evaluation method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and 2, acquiring an image of the injection space: firstly, axial and radial experiment platforms are respectively built, wherein a square spraying space is adopted in the axial direction, a cylindrical spraying space is adopted in the radial direction, the axial and radial experiment platforms are built, the distribution condition of atomized liquid drops can be better researched from the axial direction and the radial direction of a nozzle, and the transverse and longitudinal spraying space shapes are different, so that the convenience and the undistortion of image acquisition are realized.
4. A nozzle atomization spatial distribution evaluation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and 2, acquiring images of the injection space, and performing an atomization detection experiment by adopting a photon FASTCAM Mini UX100 series high-speed camera system, wherein a shooting part is used for capturing the injection atomization of the feed liquid, the experiment is tracked in real time, and a backlight source in the experiment is a machine vision light source, wherein the backlight source scheme can enable the high-speed camera to work at a frame rate of more than 10000fps and is used for supplementing strong light required by the high-speed camera in a high-frame-number working state.
5. A nozzle atomization spatial distribution evaluation method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: and 3, carrying out regional acquisition on the atomization area, dividing the atomization field into multiple observation areas, selecting a central area as an observation area of the atomization effect, carrying out digital processing on the experimental phenomenon, and acquiring the obtained atomization data. Through regional research, the particle size of each region is different, and the atomization condition of each region is different.
6. A nozzle atomization spatial distribution evaluation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: and 4, constructing radial statistic of the nozzle, dividing the image after image processing into n × m cells for the axial section of the nozzle, calculating the area ratio of the characteristic liquid drops expected to be contained in each cell, then constructing transverse statistic of the nozzle, wherein the smaller the numerical value of the transverse statistic of the nozzle, the better the relative uniformity of the distribution of the characteristic liquid drops in the image is, when the transverse statistic of the nozzle is 0, the distribution of the atomized liquid drops in the image is absolutely uniform, and for the uniform distribution of the atomized liquid drops in the radial section direction of the nozzle, because the liquid drops are distributed in the circular section of the roller, the circle is divided into n equal parts, the area ratio of the characteristic liquid drops expected to be contained in each cell is calculated, and then constructing the radial statistic of the nozzle.
7. A nozzle atomization spatial distribution evaluation method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: and 5, obtaining the character of the space envelope body atomized by the nozzle, carrying out axial and radial experimental tests on the atomizing space of the nozzle to obtain a series of data, carrying out experimental analysis on the data, introducing the size and position data of the atomized characteristic liquid drop into MATLAB, carrying out grid division and number identification by programming, programming an atomizing uniformity calculation model, obtaining the uniformity result under each working condition, testing the atomizing distribution condition of each axial section, and obtaining the character of the space envelope body atomized by the nozzle by adopting a space envelope method.
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