CN104982252B - A method of preparing vegetable seedling substrate by agricultural wastes - Google Patents
A method of preparing vegetable seedling substrate by agricultural wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104982252B CN104982252B CN201510375725.3A CN201510375725A CN104982252B CN 104982252 B CN104982252 B CN 104982252B CN 201510375725 A CN201510375725 A CN 201510375725A CN 104982252 B CN104982252 B CN 104982252B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method preparing vegetable seedling substrate by agricultural wastes, and the agricultural wastes include organic solid castoff and agricultural crop straw, are included the following steps：1) the earthworm resolution conversion of organic solid castoff；2) agricultural crop straw is decomposed；3) vegetable seedling substrate is configured；4) optimization vegetable seedling substrate proportioning.The method is using earthworm to agricultural wastes biologically digesting and straw decomposing inoculant to the decomposed technology of fermenting crops straws, realize the Efficient Conversion of livestock and poultry farm agricultural matter waste and agricultural crop straw, half excellent decomposition organic materials of physico-chemical and biological properties is obtained with proportioning again, it is required according to vegetable seedling substrate, is configured to that do mechanization operation is convenient, ventilation is excellent with water penetration, nutrients ratio is balanced, the slow phase of supply speed is helped, the novel vegetable seedling matrix that cushion effect is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods preparing vegetable seedling substrate by agricultural wastes.
Background technology
In recent years, China has become the maximum country of agricultural wastes quantum of output in the world, and agricultural straw resource is abundant,
About 700,000,000 tons of annual amount, vegetable castoff 1 ~ 1.5 hundred million ton, about 3,000,000,000 tons or so of animal excretion annual amount, it has also become with Industry Waste
Water, sanitary sewage one of three major source of pollution mutually arranged side by side.Agricultural wastes pollute the important pollution for having become current agricultural, rural area
Source leads to soil hardening, and the content of organic matter and water-holding capacity decline, while also causing atmosphere pollution, threaten livestock and poultry, planting industry certainly
The sustainable development of body.
In recent years, the application technology as the second resource of domestic and international agricultural wastes and correlative study are obtained for tremendous expansion, agriculture
The application technology as the second resource of industry waste increasingly diversity.Wherein, soilless culture is that one kind for growing up in recent decades is new
Cultivation technique, principal mode has two kinds of substrate culture and water planting.Matrix main function in cultivation is fixed plant, holding
Moisture, ventilative and cushioning effect.
Currently, China's soilless culture is started late, mainly based on cultivated cucumber, tomato.In vegetables production development process
In, factory's intelligent seedling raising is a very important link, and the special hole tray of a different size makees container, with lightweight without soil material
Make matrix, by precision drilling, covering matrix, watering, realizes the modernization seedling-raising technique of once-seedling forming.
For at present, it there is problems in vegetable seedling substrate reproduction and application process：First, matrix source
Single, production cost is high, and vegetable seedling substrate mainly uses rice husk or stalk fermentation product as base-material, as agricultural production
The feces of livestock and poultry of the waste of primary pollution source is not fully used.Second is that fertility is insufficient, it is still necessary to add nutrient special.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of by the materialization of vegetables seedling-raising technique into novel granule matrix, realize to livestock and poultry farm agricultural matter waste with
The vegetable seedling substrate of the Efficient Conversion of agricultural crop straw.
Invention content
Above-mentioned to solve the problems, such as, the purpose of the present invention is to provide one kind preparing vegetables nursery by agricultural wastes
The method of matrix, using earthworm to agricultural wastes biologically digesting and straw decomposing inoculant to the decomposed technology of fermenting crops straws,
It realizes the Efficient Conversion of livestock and poultry farm agricultural matter waste and agricultural crop straw, then physics, chemistry and biology is obtained with proportioning
Learn character it is excellent half decompose organic materials, required according to vegetable seedling substrate, be configured to do mechanization operation is convenient, ventilation with thoroughly
It is aqueous it is excellent, nutrients ratio is balanced, fast-slow mutually strong novel vegetable seedling matrix of Ji, cushion effect of supply.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
A method of vegetable seedling substrate being prepared by agricultural wastes, the agricultural wastes include organic solid waste
Object and agricultural crop straw, include the following steps：
1) the earthworm resolution conversion of organic solid castoff
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjusting machine solid waste is to 25 ~ 40:1, tile the organic solid castoff, and in organic solid
The groove that several parallel interval arrangements are formed on waste, by 4 ~ 50,000/m2Ratio connect into the organic solid castoff
Kind earthworm adjusts pH value to 6 ~ 8, and 20 ~ 27 DEG C of temperature, humidity 70 ~ 75% is broadcasted sowing for every 2 ~ 3 days on the organic solid castoff
Mass ratio is 1：1 agricultural crop straw particle and the mixture of feces of livestock and poultry obtain wormcast after 5 ~ 10 days；
2) agricultural crop straw is decomposed
Agricultural crop straw is cut into every section of 10 ~ 15cm, the ratio of 2KG straw decomposing inoculants is used according to every 1000KG stalks
Example coordinates the feces of livestock and poultry of every square metre of stalk of 1 ~ 5kg, and decomposed processing, humidity 60 ~ 70%, temperature are carried out to the agricultural crop straw
28 ~ 35 DEG C of degree, pH value are 7 ~ 8, obtain straw decomposing object；
3) vegetable seedling substrate is prepared
By wormcast obtained by step 1) with straw decomposing object obtained by step 2) by weight 1 ~ 2：1 ratio mixing, obtains vegetable
Dish seedling medium raw material adds the mixing of the gardening vermiculite and perlite of 10 ~ 30wt% into the vegetable seedling substrate raw material
Object, the vegetable matter for being used to drive away vegetables nursery pest of 0.5 ~ 4.5wt% and the sustained-controll-release fertiliser of 0.1 ~ 0.2wt%, are mixed
The vegetable seedling substrate is obtained after closing fermentation；
4) optimization vegetable seedling substrate proportioning
Using vegetable seedling substrate nursery obtained by step 3), influence of the different ratio matrix to vegetables Quality of Seedlings is observed,
Screening determines optimal vegetable seedling substrate proportioning.
Further, the earthworm is to put down No. 2 earthworms greatly.
In addition, in the vegetable seedling substrate, the content of organic matter >=20wt%, total nutrient 2.0 ~ 4.5%, moisture≤40wt%, pH
Value 5.5 ~ 7.5, conductivity≤2.0ms/cm, 0.3 ~ 0.8g/cm of unit weight3。
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Treatment technology is cleared up using earthworm, earthworm and its metabolite can effectively facilitate plant growth, increase plant products,
Wormcast is manured into soil, and can improve soil texture, increase soil fertility, and promotes microbial activity；
In earthworm digestion process, the biomass castoff that agricultural crop straw is mixed with feces of livestock and poultry is added in due course,
Resolution efficiency is improved, sufficient high-quality wormcast is obtained；
Using straw decomposing inoculant to that in fermenting crops straws digest process, because C content is higher in agricultural crop straw, need to pay
Enter the C/N ratios that a certain amount of N fertilizer adjusts microorganism in digest process, and N content is exceeded in the solid waste such as feces of livestock and poultry, because
This, in agricultural crop straw digest process, crushing straw simultaneously coordinates the biomass castoffs such as a certain amount of feces of livestock and poultry to replace N
Fertilizer, can effectively save N fertilizer cost reduce crops straw while solving fraction intensive livestock and poultry breeding industry night soil-treatment
Stalk produces the cost of vegetable factory intelligent seedling raising matrix；
Reinforce the recycling of organic solid castoff, earthworm resolution organic solid castoff, straw decomposition microbial inoculum disappear
During solving decomposed stalk, no foul smell discharge does not generate water pollution, and low energy consumption, carbon is utilized with other Nutrient Cyclings
Rate is high, and the main foul smell discharge capacity of processing procedure reduces 50% or more than the processing of normal aerobic compost；
The vegetable seedling substrate property indices reach the requirement of domestic Related product most strict standard：The content of organic matter
>=20wt%, total nutrient 2.0 ~ 4.5%, moisture≤40wt%, pH value 5.5 ~ 7.5, conductivity≤2.0ms/cm, 0.3 ~ 0.8g/ of unit weight
cm3；
Edible vegetable meets seedling medium and carries out vegetables large area production, than using domestic and international other substrate products vegetables to make
Object Major Diseases occur loss late and decline 20% or more.
Specific implementation mode
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is described further, but embodiment is not intended to limit the protection of the present invention
Range.
A kind of method preparing vegetable seedling substrate by agricultural wastes provided by the present invention, the agricultural wastes packet
Organic solid castoff and agricultural crop straw are included, is included the following steps：
1) the earthworm resolution conversion of organic solid castoff
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of adjusting machine solid waste is to 25 ~ 40:1, tile the organic solid castoff, and in organic solid
The groove that several parallel interval arrangements are formed on waste, by 4 ~ 50,000/m2Ratio connect into the organic solid castoff
Kind earthworm adjusts pH value to 6 ~ 8, and 20 ~ 27 DEG C of temperature, humidity 70 ~ 75% is broadcasted sowing for every 2 ~ 3 days on the organic solid castoff
Mass ratio is 1：1 agricultural crop straw particle and the mixture of feces of livestock and poultry obtain wormcast after 5 ~ 10 days；
2) agricultural crop straw is decomposed
Agricultural crop straw is cut into every section of 10 ~ 15cm, the ratio of 2KG straw decomposing inoculants is used according to every 1000KG stalks
Example coordinates the feces of livestock and poultry of every square metre of stalk of 1 ~ 5kg, and decomposed processing, humidity 60 ~ 70%, temperature are carried out to the agricultural crop straw
28 ~ 35 DEG C of degree, pH value are 7 ~ 8, obtain straw decomposing object；
3) vegetable seedling substrate is prepared
By wormcast obtained by step 1) with straw decomposing object obtained by step 2) by weight 1 ~ 2：1 ratio mixing, obtains vegetable
Dish seedling medium raw material adds the mixing of the gardening vermiculite and perlite of 10 ~ 30wt% into the vegetable seedling substrate raw material
Object, the vegetable matter for being used to drive away vegetables nursery pest of 0.5 ~ 4.5wt% and the sustained-controll-release fertiliser of 0.1 ~ 0.2wt%, are mixed
The vegetable seedling substrate is obtained after closing fermentation；
4) optimization vegetable seedling substrate proportioning
Using vegetable seedling substrate nursery obtained by step 3), influence of the different ratio matrix to vegetables Quality of Seedlings is observed,
Screening determines optimal vegetable seedling substrate proportioning.
Further, the earthworm is to put down No. 2 earthworms greatly.
In addition, in the vegetable seedling substrate, the content of organic matter >=20wt%, total nutrient 2.0 ~ 4.5%, moisture≤40wt%, pH
Value 5.5 ~ 7.5, conductivity≤2.0ms/cm, 0.3 ~ 0.8g/cm of unit weight3。
The screening mode provided by the present invention that vegetable seedling substrate is prepared by agricultural wastes is as follows：
The application effect provided by the present invention that vegetable seedling substrate is prepared by agricultural wastes is examined as follows：
Research experiment vegetable seedling substrate survives vegetables, the function and effect of rudiment, growth, and to living after vegetable cultivation
, the influence of growing state, compare the economic benefit of vegetables substrate seedling and conventional soil nursery, ecological benefits are imitated with society
Benefit.
It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting.Although with reference to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the technology of invention
Scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the range of technical solution of the present invention, should all cover the power in the present invention
In sharp claimed range.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method preparing vegetable seedling substrate by agricultural wastes, the agricultural wastes include organic solid castoff
And agricultural crop straw, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps：
1) the earthworm resolution conversion of organic solid castoff
The carbon-nitrogen ratio of organic solid castoff is adjusted to 25 ~ 40:1, tile the organic solid castoff, and useless in organic solid
The groove that several parallel interval arrangements are formed on gurry, by 4 ~ 50,000/m2Ratio be inoculated with into the organic solid castoff
Earthworm adjusts pH value to 6 ~ 8, and 20 ~ 27 DEG C of temperature, humidity 70 ~ 75% broadcasts sowing matter in every 2 ~ 3 days on the organic solid castoff
Amount is than being 1：1 agricultural crop straw particle and the mixture of feces of livestock and poultry obtain wormcast after 5 ~ 10 days；
2) agricultural crop straw is decomposed
Agricultural crop straw is cut into every section of 10 ~ 15cm, the ratio of 2KG straw decomposing inoculants is used according to every 1000KG stalks, is matched
The feces of livestock and poultry for closing every cubic metre of stalk of 1 ~ 5kg carries out decomposed processing to the agricultural crop straw, humidity 60 ~ 70%, and temperature 28 ~
35 DEG C, pH value is 7 ~ 8, obtains straw decomposing object；
3) vegetable seedling substrate is prepared
By wormcast obtained by step 1) with straw decomposing object obtained by step 2) by weight 1 ~ 2：1 ratio mixing, obtains vegetables and educates
Seedling base starting material adds the gardening vermiculite of 10 ~ 30wt% and the mixture of perlite, 0.5 into the vegetable seedling substrate raw material
The sustained-controll-release fertiliser of the vegetable matter and 0.1 ~ 0.2wt% for driving away vegetables nursery pest of ~ 4.5wt%, mixed fermentation
Afterwards the vegetable seedling substrate；
4) optimization vegetable seedling substrate proportioning
Using vegetable seedling substrate nursery obtained by step 3), influence of the observation different ratio matrix to vegetables Quality of Seedlings, screening
Determine optimal vegetable seedling substrate proportioning；
The earthworm is to put down No. 2 earthworms greatly；
In the vegetable seedling substrate, the content of organic matter >=20wt%, total nutrient 2.0 ~ 4.5%, moisture≤40wt%, pH value 5.5 ~
7.5, conductivity≤2.0ms/cm, 0.3 ~ 0.8g/cm of unit weight3。
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| CN105941004A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 李惠娟 | Cabbage seedling growing substrate |
| CN105941109A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-09-21 | 吴敏 | Pumpkin vegetable seedling substrate |
| CN106105850A (en) * | 2016-06-19 | 2016-11-16 | 江苏沃绿宝有机农业开发有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of rice seedling raising ground substance |
| CN106258303A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-01-04 | 童国柱 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings cultivating Fructus Lycopersici esculenti healthy seedling |
| CN106211979A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 童国柱 | A kind of Flos abelmoschi manihot Highly effective implantation methods |
| CN106187532A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 童国柱 | A kind of Fructus Lycopersici esculenti special seedling substrate |
| CN106171454A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 童国柱 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings cultivating Flos abelmoschi manihot healthy seedling |
| CN106171456A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-07 | 童国柱 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings cultivating Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae healthy seedling |
| CN106220422A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 童国柱 | A kind of Caulis et Folium Brassicae capitatae special seedling substrate |
| CN107548948A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2018-01-09 | 驻马店市园林绿化科研所 | One plant cultivation matrix and its production method and application |
| CN108541551A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-09-18 | 金华职业技术学院 | A kind of concocting method of antibacterial growth-promoting strong sprout seedling medium |
| CN108432596B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2020-03-10 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Disease and insect resistant culture medium based on agricultural wastes and preparation method |
| CN108668840A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-19 | 湖南泰谷生态工程有限公司 | A kind of tomato soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN113133393A (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2021-07-20 | 南京市蔬菜科学研究所(南京市花卉科学研究所) | Method for producing watermelon and melon seedling raising substrate by using kitchen garbage |
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Effective date of registration: 20230104 Address after: 276000 Intersection of 327 National Highway and Shugan Road, Yushan Town, Linshu County, Linyi City, Shandong Province Patentee after: Linyi Goldman Sachs Fertilizer Co.,Ltd. Address before: 222132 Gucheng Industrial Park, Banzhuang Town, Ganyu District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: JIANGSU SHIBANG FERTILIZER DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. |