CN1117211C - 小型发动机消音器的催化转化器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及尤其小型发动机排气净化用的催化转化器(7),包括转化器外壳(6)和至少一个装在其中的蜂窝体(12)。此蜂窝体包含有催化活性物质的薄板层(19)。本发明的转化器(7)装在小型发动机消音器外壳(1)的隔板(5)上,此隔板(5)至少有一个孔(9)以及消音器外壳(1)有一外壳上部(3)和一外壳下部(2)。按本发明,转化器外壳(6)成形为使排气能流过蜂窝体(12)和接着流过孔(9),此转化器外壳(6)定位在离消音器外壳(1)的一定距离处。这种转化器生产成本低,容易组合在现有的结构中,以及不会导致消音器外壳的外壁工作时超温过热。
Description
本发明涉及一种小型发动机消音器用的催化转化器。
随着环保意识的日益增强和内燃机废气的排放规范更加严格,要求在小型发动机中实施排气的催化净化。本文中的小型发动机指的是排量小于200cm3尤其小于50cm3的内燃机。这种发动机主要用在割草机、机动锯、移动式发电机组、摩托车和类似的应用场合中。尤其在机动锯、割草机和其它用内燃机驱动的园艺工具的情况下,使用这种工具的人员往往长时间地直接处于小型发动机的排气区内,因此排气的催化净化尤为重要。
由EP 0470113 B1已知一种金属的催化剂载体,它特别适用于固定在消音器外壳的隔板中。但这种催化剂载体的设计和结构型式对有些消音器装置不完全合适。此外,它的生产有一定程度的复杂性。
进入在发动机附近的消音器内的排气通常已有高温例如超过600℃。由于在催化剂内的放热反应,可能更显著地提高此温度例如至1000℃。由DE-OS 3829668已知一种尤其用于便携式工具如机动锯等的二行程发动机排气消音器的保护机构,包括外壳、催化转化器和排气管,其中催化转化器设在空心体内,此空心体各方面都有间距地装在消音器外壳内,外壳沿处理后排气流动方向的出口有一种渐缩的截面以及处理后的排气从此外壳排出。此排气消音器的机械结构非常复杂,并要求针对具体的使用目的专门设计适配的催化转化器。此外,这种排气消音器体积大。
除此之外,所说明的小型发动机排气催化净化装置必需有特殊加工的蜂窝体,它们的制造、涂催化层和安装需要比较多的工序,因此与装有小型发动机的工具相比比较昂贵。由于这一原因用于小型发动机的催化转化器装置往往被省去。
因此本发明的目的是制造一种能非常便宜地生产的用于小型发动机的催化转化器,它对已经存在的小型发动机及其排气装置只需要尽可能小的结构性改变,以及,尽管如此仍能从排气中通过催化消除绝大部分有害物质,与此同时在排气装置的外表面上不会产生不可允许的高温。
根据本发明,提出一种净化排气用的催化转化器,包括转化器外壳和至少一个装在其中的蜂窝体,蜂窝体包含有催化活性物质的薄板层,其中,转化器装在小型发动机消音器外壳的至少设有一个孔的隔板上,消音器外壳有一个外壳上部和一个外壳下部,其特征为:a)转化器外壳基本上是半壳状的并成形为使排气能相继流过孔且平行于隔板流过蜂窝体;以及,b)转化器外壳与消音器外壳隔开距离并固定在隔板上。这样一种按本发明的有一转化器外壳和至少一个设在外壳内的蜂窝体的催化转化器,上述蜂窝体包含一些有催化活性物质的薄板层,其中,此转化器装在小型发动机具有外壳上部和外壳下部的消音器外壳制有至少一个孔的隔板上,其特征在于,转化器外壳成形为使通过隔板中的孔流动的气体完全流过蜂窝体,以及,转化器外壳与消音器外壳隔开距离。
要净化的排气按已知的方式流入消音器外壳的一个外壳部分内,并从那里出发通过制在隔板中的孔流入转化器外壳,涂有催化物质层设计为蜂窝体的薄板层处于此转化器外壳内。反过来先通过转化器外壳然后通过隔板中的孔也是可能的。
按本发明的催化转化器的转化器外壳与消音器外壳不贴靠,所以减少或甚至避免由于催化转化器使消音器外壳加热。
由于按本发明的催化转化器的转化器外壳可以固定在消音器外壳的隔板上,故按本发明的催化转化器可以特别简单和因而廉价地与现有的排气设备适配。也就是说只须将它安装在隔板上,不必改变消音器外壳的外壳上部和/或外壳下部。催化转化器和隔板可一起预制和进入加工消音器时的一般程序。
催化转化器按有利的方式有一转化器外壳,它至少有一个侧壁和一个端壁,在端壁区转化器外壳有一个与隔板中的孔连通的空腔。因此催化转化器可以设计为单独的结构构件,它可作为部件由转化器制造厂提供给消音器厂。后者可将按本发明的催化转化器安装在消音器外壳内。
按特别有利的方式,消音器隔板同时构成转化器外壳的底板。由此,配备有催化转化器的消音器能方便地加工,因为转化器与隔板设计为一个结构构件,只须将它安装和固定在消音器外壳的上下外壳部分之间。
规定用于蜂窝体的薄板层可以在塑性变形的情况下挤压在转化器外壳内。由此获得一种按本发明的催化转化器的特别简单的设计。
此外,围绕蜂窝体可设一外套。此外套起蜂窝体各薄板层的支承件的作用,所以薄板层可以在外套装入蜂窝体之前预加工和置入外套内。因此蜂窝体和转化器外壳设计为单独的结构构件,它们可以用特别简单的方式互相连接。外套不需要包围蜂窝体的全部外表面,只要它能确保将蜂窝体结合在一起。
按本发明的催化反应器在其端壁区有一空腔,要净化的排气可流入其中。净化后的排气可经另一个设在转化器外壳中的孔从转化器流出,优选地流向可以完全敞开的处于相对位置的端侧。作为替换方案可以规定,设一块将转化器外壳的孔与蜂窝体都划分在两个腔内的隔板,这两个腔在流动上按这样的方式互相连通,即,使转化器外壳的孔成为要净化的排气的进口和已净化排气的出口。这意味着在转化器外壳和/或隔板中只须设一个孔。
若在转化器外壳内存在的不是一个蜂窝体而是两个蜂窝体,则获得相同的优点。在这种情况下中间隔板可将这两个蜂窝体分割成为两个腔,它们同样在流动上按这样的方式互相连通,即,使此孔仍然既是排气进口又是排气出口。
在下面对附图的说明中对本发明的其他特征、优点和设计作进一步的解释。其中:
图1通过其中装有催化转化器的消音器外壳的纵剖面;
图2催化转化器透视图,它的薄板层已挤压在转化器外壳内;
图3其薄板层已受挤压的催化转化器前视图;
图4有两个被中间隔板彼此隔开的薄板层的催化转化器;
图5通过其中已装入催化转化器的消音器外壳的纵剖面;
图6被一外套围绕的催化转化器;
图7有一未涂层的平整层的催化转化器;以及
图8被外套围绕的蜂窝体。
图1示意地在纵剖面内表示小型发动机用的消音器外壳1,它有一外壳下部2和一外壳上部。排气经排气进口4进入外壳下部2,从那里排气通过在沿消音器外壳1全长延伸的隔板5中的孔9进入催化转化器7的转化器外壳6内。用箭头8表示排气的流动途径。排气通过制在隔板5中的孔9流入一个以转化器外壳6的端壁10为界的空腔内,然后流经蜂窝体12的通道11到达一个在外壳上部3中的排气出口13。消音器外壳1的外壳下部2和外壳上部3气密地互相连接。在这里所表示的举例中这一连接借助于紧固件14实现,它们布置在消音器外壳1在图1中的左端和右端。但显然外壳下部2与外壳上部3也可以采用其他连接方式,例如两个外壳部分2、3设共同的卷边。
由图1可见,催化转化器7没有通过它的转化器外壳6与消音器外壳1接触。确切地说,在转化器外壳6与外壳上部3之间是隔热腔15,工作时排气在此腔内。在隔热腔15内的气体就好象起隔热体的作用,借此减少从催化转化器7向消音器外壳1传热。显然,可以按另一种方案或除隔热腔15内的气体之外附加地在隔热腔15内设隔热材料,例如减少热传导和热对流的陶瓷体和/或由金属组成的减少热辐射的隔热护层。在转化器外壳6图1的左端它是敞口的,所以排气可从通道11的端孔流出。
图2表示催化转化器7的一种实施形式。催化转化器7有大体半圆柱形的转化器外壳6,它有一块基本上矩形的设计作为底面的底板17(它也可以由隔板5构成),底板上连接一个基本上半壳状的外壳部分18。多个薄板层19在转化器外壳6的内部,它们涂有催化物质层。在这里所表示的例子中,薄板层19由一块块平整薄板层和波纹状薄板层交替排列构成,它们共同构成许多用于流过排气的通道11。应当指出,涂层或在其余所有工序之前已经在一连续的过程中涂在薄板层19上,或也可在薄板层19彼此堆叠后再一起涂层。
图2中用箭头8表示的排气通过催化转化器7的途径与图1中表示的排气途径一致:
要净化的排气进入转化器外壳6内的端壁10所在区中,并从那里到通道11内。在排气催化净化后,已净化的排气从端孔16重新流出。排气也可以沿反方向流动,在这种情况下催化剂更快地达到其置换反应所需的温度,这是希望的,但在持续工作时也将更热,而这一点却是不希望的。在选择流动方向时必须考虑这些因素。
转化器外壳6有一个沿底板17的各侧延伸的边缘20。它用于将催化转化器7可靠地安装在隔板5上。固定可以是可拆式的或也可以是不可拆的。例如可将边缘20在隔板5上熔焊、钎焊、铆接或用其它方法固定。
图2所表示的是一种横截面基本上半圆形的催化转化器7,而图3中表示的是一种具有基本上矩形横截面的催化转化器7。无论图2所示的蜂窝体12还是图3中表示在横截面内的蜂窝体12都有一些薄板层19,它们设计为在图3的左端和右端沿消音器外壳1纵向延伸的受挤压的薄板层19。在左端21和右端22塑性变形,而尤其在蜂窝体12的内部区留下许多没有塑性变形的通道11,它们保证流过的排气进行催化反应。通道11在施加在整个蜂窝体12上的挤压力作用下明显地弹性变形,所以整个蜂窝体处于预紧力状态。由于这一原因在左端21设紧固件23,例如铆钉,而在右端22设卷边24,所以蜂窝体12可靠地安装在转化器外壳6内。
图4表示催化转化器7一种替换的实施形式。图中所示的催化转化器有基本上长方六面体形状的转化器外壳6,其中有一矩形蜂窝体12。所设的薄板层19按已知的方式固定在转化器外壳6内,例如用点焊。要净化的排气所经过的流动途径8与图2中表示的一致。
图4所示的催化转化器7借助于例如六个接片固定在隔板5上。接片25通过制在隔板5中相应的孔***并弯折或偏转约90°,所以转化器外壳6被固定在隔板5上。
在图1所示的消音器外壳中,沿消音器外壳1纵向看,排气的进口4和出口13设在相对位置。然而这不是绝对的,例如图5中表示的那样。在那里,排气进口4和排气出口13直接并列地处于消音器外壳1的外壳上部3中。排气进口4和排气出口13在流动上通过隔板26彼此隔开,所以阻止了进入和排出的排气之间产生交换。
进入的排气通过排气进口4和隔板5的孔9流入催化转化器7的转化器外壳6内。在图5所示的例子中,催化转化器7位于外壳下部2内。催化转化器7有一块沿消音器外壳1纵向延伸的中间隔板27,它在催化转化器7在图5中的左端一直延伸到隔板26,所以在催化转化器7内形成两个部分28和29,这两个部分28和29在催化转化器7图5所示的右端在流动上互相连通,为此,中间隔板27并没有完全延伸到催化转化器7图5中的右端。要净化的排气进入排气进口部分28内,它们从排气出口部分29重新流出。
应当指出,中间隔板27将装在转化器外壳6内的单个蜂窝体12分割成两个部分28、29。但完全可以在转化器外壳内安装两个或多个独立的蜂窝体(图中未表示),它们借助于任意数量的中间隔板分开。由此也至少形成一个排气进口部分和一个排气出口部分,它们在流动上互相连通。
在图6中再次详细表示了图5所示的催化转化器7。转化器外壳6基本上是长方六面体,其中装入蜂窝体12。在蜂窝体12内有一些构成通道11的薄板层19。大***于转化器外壳6的中间隔板27平行于隔板5设置,它从转化器外壳6在图6中的前端延伸到转化器外壳6长度的大体3/4处,如用虚线示意表示的那样。中间隔板27借助于一些从它那里伸出的凸肩30固定,这些凸肩***转化器外壳6相应的孔中。
转化器外壳6沿纵向有两个边缘31,如已在图2中说明的那样,它们可以在外壳下部内可拆式或不可拆地装在隔板5上。在这里,在图6中可看到的那部分中间隔板27与端部隔板26按这样的方式接触,即,它们将图5中表示的部分28、29彼此隔开。
图7表示按本发明的催化转化器7另一种实施形式。催化转化器7有基本上长方六面体形状的转化器外壳6,其中装有薄板层19组成的蜂窝体12。在蜂窝体12内有一平整层32,它基本上平行于隔板5延伸。此外,平整层32的一部分贴靠在转化器外壳6的侧壁33上,并以其设计为翼34和沿消音器纵向延伸的端部靠放在转化器外壳6垂直地从侧壁33伸出的边缘35上。
无论在翼34内还是在边缘35内都制有孔36,紧固件例如铆钉可穿过这些孔装入隔板5的相应孔中,以便将催化转化器7与平整层32一起可靠地固定在隔板5上。
各薄板层19的固定可用已知的方式进行。例如可通过钎焊、熔焊或其他已知的方法将它们互相连接起来。此外也可以将它们借助于紧固件例如铆钉、U形钉或通过点焊固定在转化器外壳6上。优选地这些通过熔焊或钎焊的固定点必须没有加催化活性涂层。
前面所表示的蜂窝体12可用一外套围绕。在图8中,图4所示的蜂窝体12以这样的方式由外套38围绕,即通道11可由排气自由流过,就象在其他实施例中的情况那样。借助于外套38将蜂窝体12设计成一模块,它可装入转化器外壳6内并可在那里可拆或不拆式地固定。这样做的优点是,蜂窝体可单独预制。在这里,外套38可以是非常薄的板材,它也没有必要必须围绕蜂窝体的全部外表面,只要保证能将薄板层形状稳定地组合在一起就行了。
应当指出,每种催化转化器7均可设隔热用的隔离材料。此外,消音器外壳1同样可以如图5所示整个或局部用隔热材料37衬里。
本发明特别适用于方便地制造小型发动机廉价的催化转化器,它们的排气中含大量碳氢化合物,其中至少应催化地除去一部分,与此同时还可减少其他有害物质如一氧化碳或氮氧化物。
Claims (15)
1.净化排气用的催化转化器(7),包括转化器外壳(6)和至少一个装在其中的蜂窝体(12),蜂窝体包含有催化活性物质的薄板层(19),其中,转化器(7)装在小型发动机消音器外壳(1)的至少设有一个孔(9)的隔板(5)上,消音器外壳有一个外壳上部(3)和一个外壳下部(2),其特征为:a)转化器外壳(6)基本上是半壳状的并成形为使排气能相继流过孔(9)且平行于隔板(5)流过蜂窝体(12);以及,b)转化器外壳(6)与消音器外壳(1)隔开距离并固定在隔板(5)上。
2.按照权利要求1所述的转化器(7),其特征为:转化器外壳(6)通过点焊或机械夹紧装置固定在隔板(5)上。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:转化器外壳(6)至少有一个侧壁(33)和一个端壁(10)。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:转化器外壳(6)的一个壁由隔板(5)构成。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:转化器外壳(6)有一个基本上矩形或半圆形的横截面,它与蜂窝体(12)的横截面一致。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:转化器外壳(6)由深冲板制成。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:转化器外壳(6)有接片(25),它们***制在隔板(5)中的相应的孔内。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:薄板层(19)在塑性变形的情况下挤压在转化器外壳(6)内。
9.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:围绕着蜂窝体(12)设外套(38)。
10.按照权利要求9所述的转化器(7),其特征为:薄板层(19)固定在外套(38)内。
11.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:外套(38)固定在隔板(5)和/或转化器外壳(6)上。
12.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:薄板层(19)在转化器组装前就已经有催化活性表面层。
13.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:在薄板层(19)内设一平整层(32),它的端部设计为翼(34),翼位于转化器外壳(6)与隔板(5)之间。
14.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:薄板层(19)卷绕或折叠。
15.按照权利要求1或2所述的转化器(7),其特征为:设有一块将转化器外壳(6)和蜂窝体(12)分割为两个腔(28、29)的中间隔板(27),这两个腔(28、29)在流动上按这样的方式互相连通,即,使隔板(5)中的孔(9)构成一个要净化的排气的进口和一个已净化排气的出口。
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JP (1) | JP2002509220A (zh) |
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DE102013015602A1 (de) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-03-05 | Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh | Abgasnachbehandlungssystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Brennkraftmaschine |
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JP2002509220A (ja) | 2002-03-26 |
TW384349B (en) | 2000-03-11 |
FR2773588B1 (fr) | 2005-09-30 |
DE19900310B4 (de) | 2007-10-11 |
BR9906922A (pt) | 2000-10-10 |
MY123240A (en) | 2006-05-31 |
KR20010034152A (ko) | 2001-04-25 |
US6315076B1 (en) | 2001-11-13 |
CN1288503A (zh) | 2001-03-21 |
FR2773588A1 (fr) | 1999-07-16 |
WO1999036681A1 (de) | 1999-07-22 |
DE19900310A1 (de) | 1999-07-15 |
KR100515211B1 (ko) | 2005-09-16 |
ID26170A (id) | 2000-11-30 |
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