CN111720210A

CN111720210A - Engine with improved structure

Info

Publication number: CN111720210A
Application number: CN202010723587.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 胡平
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-07-24
Filing date: 2020-07-24
Publication date: 2020-09-29

Abstract

The invention relates to an engine with an improved structure, which comprises at least one engine cylinder group, wherein each engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body of each engine cylinder group is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, a piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, the lower end of the piston is connected with a crankshaft in a crankcase through a connecting rod, liquid is filled above the piston, the hydraulic cylinder bodies are communicated with the cylinder body in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the liquid above the hydraulic cylinder bodies is pushed through the pistons, the liquid enters the cylinder. The invention can reduce the mechanical loss of the original piston, and simultaneously reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the cylinder, the piston and the piston ring, and the improved scheme of the invention ensures that the diesel engine can have longer cylinder block stroke under the condition of smaller crankshaft radius, thereby further improving the motion speed of the piston, and reducing the length of the crankshaft crank of the engine under the condition of not reducing the output torque so as to reduce the manufacturing difficulty and the cost.

Description

Engine with improved structure

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of engine manufacturing, and particularly relates to an engine with an improved structure.

Background

The existing engine always uses the connection structure of piston, connecting rod and crankshaft. With the increasing size of the engine, long-stroke and ultra-long-stroke engines are continuously generated, and the eccentric structure of the crankshaft is larger and larger, even reaches a remarkable degree. The processing technology of the crankshaft is more and more complex, and the manufacturing difficulty is more and more large. In addition, the mechanical losses of the piston are increasing.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an engine with an improved structure, which at least solves one technical problem in the background technology, can reduce the problem of overlarge radius of a crankshaft of an engine with long and ultra-long strokes, reduces the mechanical loss of an original piston, and simultaneously reduces the manufacturing difficulty of a cylinder, the piston and a piston ring.

The invention is realized by the following steps: the invention discloses an engine with an improved structure, which comprises at least one engine cylinder group, wherein each engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body of each engine cylinder group is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, a piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the piston is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, the lower end of the piston is connected with a crankshaft in a crankcase through a connecting rod, liquid is filled above the piston, the hydraulic cylinder bodies are communicated with the cylinder body in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the liquid above is pushed by the piston to enter the cylinder body and compress gas to do work.

The invention discloses an engine with an improved structure, which comprises at least one first basic unit consisting of two engine cylinder groups, wherein each engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body is sealed, a piston rod outlet is reserved, a bidirectional piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the bidirectional piston is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, liquid is filled in the upper space and the lower space of the bidirectional piston, a piston rod is also arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the upper end of the piston rod is connected with the bidirectional piston, the lower end of the piston rod penetrates through the piston rod outlet at the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body to extend into a crankcase and is connected with a crankshaft through a connecting rod, the piston rod is in movable sealing fit with the piston rod outlet, a first liquid passing port is arranged at the lower, and the second liquid passing port at the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body A or the second liquid passing port at the lower part of the cylinder body A in each first basic unit is communicated with the first liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body B through a first channel, and the first liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body A in each first basic unit is communicated with the second liquid passing port at the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body B or the second liquid passing port at the lower part of the cylinder body B through a second channel.

Piston rods of two engine cylinder groups in the same first basic unit are respectively connected with a first crank arm and a second crank arm of a crankshaft through two connecting rods, and the phase difference between the first crank arm and the second crank arm is 180 degrees;

when the crankshafts rotate, when the pistons in the A hydraulic cylinders are driven to move upwards and the pistons in the B hydraulic cylinders move downwards, the pistons in the A hydraulic cylinders push liquid above the pistons to enter the A cylinder bodies, and liquid at the lower parts of the pistons in the B hydraulic cylinders also press the upper parts of the pistons in the A hydraulic cylinders through the first channels, so that the liquid in the A cylinder bodies is longer in ascending distance, and gas in the A cylinder bodies is compressed;

when the crankshaft rotates, the two-way piston in the B hydraulic cylinder body is driven to move upwards, and when the two-way piston in the A hydraulic cylinder body moves downwards, the piston in the B hydraulic cylinder body pushes liquid above the piston to enter the B cylinder body, and the liquid at the lower part of the piston in the A hydraulic cylinder body is pressed to the upper part of the piston in the B hydraulic cylinder body through the second channel, so that the liquid in the B cylinder body rises a larger distance, and gas in the B cylinder body is compressed.

The invention discloses an engine with an improved structure, which comprises at least one second basic unit consisting of an engine cylinder group and an independent cylinder body, wherein the engine cylinder group comprises the cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body is sealed and provided with a piston rod outlet, a bidirectional piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, liquid is filled in the upper space and the lower space of the bidirectional piston, a piston rod is also arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the upper end of the piston rod is connected with the bidirectional piston, the lower end of the piston rod penetrates through the piston rod outlet at the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body to extend into a crankcase and is connected with a crankshaft through a connecting rod, the piston rod is in movable sealing fit with the piston rod outlet, the lower part of the hydraulic, the bottom of the independent cylinder block is provided with a liquid passing port, and the liquid passing port of the independent cylinder block in each second basic unit is communicated with the liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder block of the engine cylinder group through a channel.

On the basis of the three schemes, the following preferred schemes can be provided:

furthermore, the inner diameter D of the hydraulic cylinder body of each engine cylinder group is larger than the inner diameter D of the cylinder body, the distance traveled by the liquid pressed out by the hydraulic cylinder body in the cylinder body after entering the cylinder body is longer than the distance traveled by the liquid in the hydraulic cylinder body, and the distance traveled by the piston of the hydraulic cylinder body is smaller than the distance traveled by the liquid in the cylinder body.

Further, a high-temperature-resistant floating piston is arranged in each cylinder body, and the floating piston floats on the liquid and is used for isolating heat conduction between high-temperature gas and the liquid.

Further, the floating piston is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the cylinder block.

Furthermore, a liquid scraping ring is fixed on the outer wall of the floating piston.

Further, the liquid filled in the hydraulic cylinder body can be water or other liquid.

Further, the hydraulic cylinder body is connected with the upper crankcase into a whole; the hydraulic cylinder body is positioned on the side edge of the cylinder body, the lower end of the cylinder body is sealed, and the cylinder body is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder body through a channel; and a liquid cooling device is arranged at a channel between the cylinder body and the hydraulic cylinder body.

Further, the cylinder body, the hydraulic cylinder body and the upper crankcase are connected into a whole; and the cylinder body is positioned at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder body, and the hydraulic cylinder body is positioned at the upper end of the upper crankcase. A liquid cooling device is arranged at a position between the cylinder body and the hydraulic cylinder body, and the liquid cooling device can be arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body. The liquid cooling device can adopt a water cooling mode.

Furthermore, the upper part of the cylinder body is fixedly connected with a cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover is provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve; when the engine is a two-stroke engine, a scavenging valve with a check valve is arranged at the lower part of the cylinder body and cooperates with an exhaust valve to complete a scavenging process, the check valve is automatically closed when the pressure in the cylinder body is higher than the scavenging pressure, and the scavenging valve is automatically opened to scavenge when the scavenging pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure.

Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder body can be provided with a liquid supplementing port, the liquid supplementing port is communicated with the liquid storage device through a liquid supplementing channel and a liquid supplementing pipeline, and a liquid adding metering pump is arranged on the liquid supplementing pipeline and can supplement liquid into the hydraulic cylinder body according to experience or measurement data.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: a hydraulic cylinder body is arranged between an upper crank case and a cylinder body, a bidirectional piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the piston is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, the lower end of the piston is connected with the crank shaft through a connecting rod, liquid is filled above and below the bidirectional piston, the hydraulic cylinder body is communicated with the cylinder body in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the bidirectional piston pushes the liquid above and below the bidirectional piston, the liquid enters the cylinder body, and gas is compressed to do work. In the embodiment, the bidirectional piston is adopted to push liquid to move up and down in the cylinder to form the liquid plunger. The original piston is replaced by the liquid plunger and the floating piston, and the liquid plunger can play the roles of sealing and transmitting power of the piston of the original engine. The improvement provided by the invention uses the liquid column and the floating piston to replace the original piston, thereby greatly reducing the mechanical loss of the original piston. Because the friction between the floating piston and the cylinder body is very small, the abrasion of the cylinder body is basically eliminated, and the processing precision and the strength of the piston, the piston ring and the cylinder body can be greatly reduced.

According to the first preferred scheme of the engine, the two cylinder groups are adopted to form a first basic unit, the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder body is larger than that of the cylinder, the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body A is connected with the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body B through a channel, the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body B is connected with the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body A through a channel, and the eccentric radius of the crankshaft can be greatly reduced due to the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder body and the upper and lower communicating pipelines. The improved scheme can greatly reduce the eccentric length of the crank of the long-stroke and ultra-long-stroke diesel engine crank, thereby reducing the integral manufacturing difficulty of the crank and improving the integral rigidity of the crank. The improvement provided by the invention enables the engine to have longer cylinder block stroke under the condition of smaller crankshaft radius, thereby enabling the movement speed of the piston to be further improved, and reducing the length of the crankshaft crank of the engine to reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost.

In a second preferred embodiment of the engine of the present invention, the cylinder block and the independent cylinder block form a second basic unit, the liquid passing port of the cylinder block D is communicated with the liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder block of the cylinder block C through a passage, and only the lower end of the piston rod in the hydraulic cylinder block of the cylinder C extends into the crankcase from the hydraulic cylinder block and is connected with the crankshaft through the connecting rod. Compared with a mode of one cylinder and one crank throw, the crankshaft crank throw working method has the advantages that the utilization rate of the crankshaft is improved, each crank throw corresponds to two cylinders, the number of the crank throws can be reduced, the length and the weight of the whole machine are further reduced, and the effect of increasing the stroke of the cylinders can be achieved by increasing the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of an engine of an improved structure according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of an engine with an improved structure according to the present invention.

In the drawing, 1 is a cylinder block, 2 is a hydraulic cylinder block, 3 is a floating piston, 4 is a bidirectional piston, 5 is liquid, 6 is a crankshaft, 7 is a piston rod, 8 is a connecting rod, 9 is a first channel, 10 is a second channel, and 11 is a third channel.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

Example one

The embodiment discloses an engine with an improved structure, which comprises at least one engine cylinder group, wherein each engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body of each engine cylinder group is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, a piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body and is in sliding sealing fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, the lower end of the piston is connected with a crankshaft in a crankcase through a connecting rod, a certain amount of liquid is filled above the piston, the hydraulic cylinder bodies are communicated with the cylinder body in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and the piston pushes the liquid above the piston to enable the liquid to enter the cylinder body and compress gas to.

Preferably, the hydraulic cylinders of the engine cylinder block are located at the lower end of the cylinder block.

Of course, the following schemes may be adopted: the lower end of the piston can be connected with a piston rod, the piston rod is connected with a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is connected with a crankshaft.

In the embodiment, the piston is adopted to push liquid to move up and down in the cylinder to form the liquid plunger. The original piston is replaced by the liquid plunger and the floating piston, and the liquid plunger can play the roles of sealing and transmitting power of the piston of the original engine. Liquid is arranged between the piston and the combustion chamber, so that the piston is not directly contacted with high temperature, the manufacturing requirements of the piston and the piston of the original engine are not higher than that of the piston of the original engine, and the structure can be simplified.

Preferably, a high temperature resistant floating piston is provided in each cylinder block, and the floating piston floats on the liquid for isolating heat conduction between high temperature gas and the liquid.

Furthermore, the crankcase is divided into an upper crankcase and a lower crankcase, and the cylinder body, the hydraulic cylinder body and the upper crankcase are connected into a whole; and the cylinder body is positioned at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder body, and the hydraulic cylinder body is positioned at the upper end of the upper crankcase. Preferably, the cylinder block, the hydraulic cylinder block and the upper crankcase are cast in one piece.

Of course, the following schemes may also be adopted: the hydraulic cylinder body and the upper crankcase are cast into a whole; the hydraulic cylinder body is positioned on the side edge of the cylinder body, the lower end of the cylinder body is sealed, and the cylinder body is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder body through a channel; and a cooling device is arranged at a channel between the cylinder body and the hydraulic cylinder body. The body height can be shortened by adopting the scheme.

Further, the upper portion of the cylinder block is fixedly connected to a cylinder head for closing the upper end of the cylinder block and forming a combustion chamber. An intake valve and an exhaust valve are arranged on the cylinder cover; when the engine is a two-stroke engine, the lower part of the cylinder body is provided with a scavenging valve with a check valve, the scavenging valve and an exhaust valve are used together to complete the processes of air intake and exhaust, when the pressure in the cylinder body is higher than the scavenging pressure, the check valve is automatically closed, and when the scavenging pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure, the scavenging valve is automatically opened to scavenge air.

The air inlet and exhaust structure of the engine is not changed from the air inlet and exhaust structure of the existing engine.

The engine of the present embodiment may be a single cylinder engine or a multi-cylinder engine. Other technical features of the engine of the present embodiment may be the same as those of the existing engine.

Example two

Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment discloses an engine with an improved structure, which comprises at least two engine cylinder groups, each engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body 1 and a hydraulic cylinder body 2, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body 2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body 1, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body 2 is sealed, a piston rod outlet is reserved, a bidirectional piston 4 is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body 2, the bidirectional piston 4 is in sliding sealing fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body 2, certain amount of liquid 5 is filled in the upper space and the lower space of the bidirectional piston 4, a floating piston capable of floating on working liquid is arranged in the cylinder to isolate heat transfer between high-temperature gas and liquid, a piston rod 7 is further arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the upper end of the piston rod 7 is connected with the bidirectional piston 4, the lower end of the piston rod 7 penetrates through the piston rod outlet at the bottom of the, the piston rod 7 is in movable sealing fit with the piston rod outlet, a first liquid passing port is formed in the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder body 2, a second liquid passing port is formed in the upper portion of the hydraulic cylinder body 2 or the lower portion of the cylinder body 1, every two engine cylinder groups A, B form a first basic unit, the second liquid passing port in the upper portion of the hydraulic cylinder body A or the second liquid passing port in the lower portion of the cylinder body A in each first basic unit is communicated with the first liquid passing port in the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder body B through a first channel 9, and the first liquid passing port in the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder body A in each first basic unit is communicated with the second liquid passing port in the upper portion of the hydraulic cylinder body B or the second liquid passing port in the lower portion of the cylinder body B through a. Liquid cooling devices can be arranged at the first channel and the second channel to cool the passing working liquid.

The piston rods 7 of two engine cylinder groups in the same first basic unit are respectively connected with a first crank arm and a second crank arm of a crankshaft through two connecting rods 8, and the phase difference between the first crank arm and the second crank arm is 180 degrees.

The lower end of the piston rod 7 is hinged with the upper end of a connecting rod 8, the lower end of the connecting rod 8 is connected with the crankshaft 6, and the connecting rod 8 is used for converting the reciprocating linear motion of the piston 4 into the rotating motion of the crankshaft. The mode that the piston rod is hinged with the connecting rod can be the same as the mode that the original piston is hinged with the connecting rod, and certainly, the mode can be adjusted according to actual needs.

When the diameter D of the hydraulic cylinder block of the engine cylinder block is larger than the diameter D of the cylinder block, the hydraulic cylinder block has a large diameter and a small diameter, so that the liquid pressed out by the hydraulic cylinder block travels a longer distance in the cylinder block than in the cylinder block. Thus, the distance traveled by the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is less than the distance traveled by the liquid column in the cylinder.

The structure enables the rising distance of the liquid plunger in the cylinder body to be larger, and the eccentric radius of the crankshaft can be greatly reduced. The piston area of the hydraulic cylinder body is A, the stroke of the hydraulic piston is H, the sectional area of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder body is S, the sectional area of the cylinder body is a, the stroke of a liquid column of the cylinder body is H, and thus the liquid volume exchange relationship between the cylinder body and the hydraulic cylinder body is H a = H [ A + (A-S) ], so that the ascending distance H of the liquid column of the cylinder body can be larger than the ascending distance H of the hydraulic piston by adjusting the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder body, and the ascending distance of a larger liquid piston can be realized by using a smaller crank radius.

The liquid pressed into the cylinder block plays a role in sealing high-pressure gas and transmitting power. The floating piston 3 always floats above the liquid 5, has a certain gap with the cylinder body 1, is not in substantial contact with the cylinder body, and only plays a role in isolating heat conduction between high-temperature gas and liquid. A liquid scraping ring can also be installed to reduce the consumption of liquid.

Further, the floating piston 3 is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the cylinder block 1, and the fit clearance can be adjusted according to actual conditions. And a small amount of liquid can be remained on the wall of the cylinder through which the liquid column passes, and the liquid can generate the effect similar to water spraying after being evaporated. Can reduce the temperature in the cylinder and reduce the pollution emission.

Further, the hydraulic cylinder block 2 is cast integrally with the upper crankcase; the hydraulic cylinder body 2 is positioned on the side edge of the cylinder body 1, the lower end of the cylinder body is sealed, and the cylinder body 1 is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder body 2 through a channel; a cooling device is arranged at a passage between the cylinder block 1 and the hydraulic cylinder block 2 of the engine cylinder group.

Further, the cylinder block 1, the hydraulic cylinder block 2 and the upper crankcase are cast into a whole up and down; and the cylinder block 1 is located at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder block 2, and the hydraulic cylinder block 2 is located at the upper end of the upper crankcase.

A liquid cooling device is arranged between the cylinder body 1 and the hydraulic cylinder body 2, and the liquid cooling device can be arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body to cool the working liquid. The liquid cooling device can adopt a water cooling mode.

Further, the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder block may be larger than the diameter of the cylinder block, or may be equal to or slightly smaller than the diameter of the cylinder block. The liquid column pushed by the hydraulic cylinder body moves up and down in the cylinder body to form a liquid plunger piston, and the liquid plunger piston can play the roles of sealing and transmitting power of the original diesel engine piston. The floating piston in the cylinder body floats on the liquid and plays a role in heat insulation and liquid scraping.

Furthermore, the upper part of the cylinder body is fixedly connected with a cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover is provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve; when the engine is a two-stroke engine, a scavenging valve with a check valve is arranged on the cylinder body and cooperates with an exhaust valve to complete the processes of air intake and exhaust, when the pressure in the cylinder body is higher than the scavenging pressure, the check valve is automatically closed, and when the scavenging pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure, the scavenging valve is automatically opened to scavenge air. The air inlet and exhaust structure of the four-stroke engine is not changed from the air inlet and exhaust structure of the existing engine.

As the area of the hydraulic bidirectional piston is increased, the pressure is unchanged, the stress of the connecting rod and the crankshaft bush is naturally increased, and certain measures are taken. For example, measures such as increasing the diameter and width of each friction pair, increasing the oil supply pressure of lubricating oil, increasing the rotating speed of the whole machine and the like can be adopted, and the problem of properly reducing the highest burst pressure can be well relieved.

The embodiment of the invention is suitable for two-stroke and four-stroke diesel engines. The working principle of the invention is explained by taking a two-stroke diesel engine as an example. Because the oil supply system, the gas distribution system (except the scavenging valve with the non-return function) and other systems are not improved, for the convenience of description, the natural entering state is regarded in a reasonable range when the description process relates to the above contents, and the detailed description is omitted except for special conditions.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: the upper part of the A hydraulic cylinder body is communicated with the A cylinder body and is communicated with the lower part of the B hydraulic cylinder body through a channel. The upper part of the B hydraulic cylinder body is communicated with the B cylinder body and is connected with the lower part of the A hydraulic cylinder body through a channel. A floating piston which is above the floatable liquid and is high-temperature resistant is arranged in the cylinder body. The upper part and the lower part of the bidirectional piston of the hydraulic cylinder body are filled with a certain amount of liquid. To form a liquid piston. The pistons in the two hydraulic cylinders in the same first basic unit are constrained by the crankshaft and are always in the opposite positions up and down, and the movement directions are opposite. The lowest part of the A-cylinder hydraulic bidirectional piston is used as an initial position, and the B-cylinder hydraulic bidirectional piston is at the top when the A-cylinder hydraulic bidirectional piston is at the bottom. When the crankshaft rotates, the hydraulic bidirectional piston of the cylinder A is driven to move upwards, the hydraulic bidirectional piston of the cylinder B moves downwards, the hydraulic bidirectional piston A pushes liquid above the hydraulic bidirectional piston A to enter the cylinder body A, meanwhile, the hydraulic bidirectional piston B also presses the liquid below the hydraulic bidirectional piston B into the cylinder body A through the connecting channel, and gas in the cylinder body A is compressed by the liquid column. When the top dead center is reached, the gas in the cylinder is compressed to reach the ignition condition, the oil injection system starts to inject oil, and the oil is ignited and combusted to generate high temperature and high pressure. Pushing the liquid column to move downwards. The liquid column acts on the upper part of the hydraulic bidirectional piston A to push the hydraulic bidirectional piston A to move downwards. Meanwhile, the liquid column acts on the lower part of the hydraulic bidirectional piston B through the connecting channel to push the hydraulic bidirectional piston B to move upwards. Meanwhile, the hydraulic piston of the cylinder B is at the lowest position, the hydraulic column of the cylinder B is also at the lowest position, the exhaust valve of the cylinder B is opened at the low-pressure state at the moment, and the scavenging pressure is slightly greater than the atmospheric pressure, so that the scavenging valve is automatically opened for scavenging. At the same time, the pressure of the lower part of the hydraulic bidirectional piston B is also the gas pressure because the lower part of the hydraulic bidirectional piston B is provided with a connecting channel with the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body A. And the pressure of the lower part of the hydraulic bidirectional piston A is basically the scavenging pressure of the B cylinder block due to the connection channel with the upper part of the B hydraulic cylinder block. The pressure on the upper part of the hydraulic bidirectional piston B is equal to the scavenging pressure. Because the upper pressure of the hydraulic bidirectional piston A is greater than the lower pressure, and the lower pressure of the hydraulic bidirectional piston B is greater than the upper pressure, A, B two bidirectional pistons push and pull one by one to do work on the crankshaft and drive the crankshaft to rotate. And (3) expanding the gas in the cylinder A, compressing the gas in the cylinder B, driving the two pistons to continue to move by the crankshaft after the pressures of the two cylinders are balanced, continuing to compress the cylinder B, and continuing to expand the cylinder A to enter the next cycle. The liquid column plays the role of the original piston in the combustion process, and the floating piston floating on the liquid column plays the role of isolating the heat conduction between high-temperature gas and the liquid column. The floating piston can simultaneously play a role of scraping liquid when moving downwards so as to reduce the loss of liquid.

The expansion and compression process of a four-stroke diesel engine is substantially similar to the above operation process. The air intake and exhaust processes are completed by the matching of the driving of the crankshaft and the air intake and exhaust system.

The engine can be composed of multiple cylinders and multiple forms by staggering phase based on the first basic unit.

The hydraulic cylinder body can be provided with a liquid supplementing port, the liquid supplementing port is communicated with the liquid storage device through a liquid supplementing channel and a liquid supplementing pipeline, and a liquid adding metering pump is arranged on the liquid supplementing pipeline and can supplement liquid into the hydraulic cylinder body according to experience or measurement data.

Because the liquid column and the floating piston are matched to replace the piston and the piston ring of the original diesel engine, the friction loss of the piston is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cylinder body is reduced, and the manufacturing difficulty of high-temperature components such as the piston, the piston ring and the cylinder body is greatly reduced. The diameter of the hydraulic cylinder body is increased, the upper portion of the hydraulic cylinder body A is connected with the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder body B through a channel, the upper portion of the hydraulic cylinder body B is connected with the lower portion of the hydraulic cylinder body A through a channel, and the arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder body and an upper communicating pipeline and a lower communicating pipeline can be greatly reduced. The eccentric radius of the crankshaft. The improved scheme can greatly reduce the eccentric length of the crank of the long-stroke and ultra-long-stroke diesel engine crank, thereby reducing the integral manufacturing difficulty of the crank and improving the integral rigidity of the crank.

The improved scheme provided by the invention can greatly reduce the crank throw size of the crankshaft for large diesel engines and ultra-long stroke diesel engines. The reduction of the crank throw size of the crankshaft greatly simplifies the manufacturing process of the crankshaft, reduces the weight and greatly reduces the manufacturing cost. The friction loss of the piston is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the abrasion of the cylinder body is reduced, and the manufacturing difficulty of high-temperature components such as the piston, a piston ring and the cylinder body is greatly reduced.

Other technical features of the engine of the present embodiment may be the same as those of the existing engine.

EXAMPLE III

Referring to fig. 2, the embodiment discloses an engine with an improved structure, which comprises at least one engine cylinder group and at least one independent cylinder block, wherein the engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder block 1 and a hydraulic cylinder block 2, an inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder block 2 is communicated with an inner cavity of the cylinder block 1, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder block 2 is sealed and provided with a piston rod outlet, a bidirectional piston 4 is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder block, the bidirectional piston 4 is in sliding sealing fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder block 2, certain amount of liquid 5 is filled in the upper space and the lower space of the bidirectional piston 4, a floating piston capable of floating on working liquid is arranged in the cylinder to isolate heat transfer between high-temperature gas and liquid, a piston rod 7 is further arranged in the hydraulic cylinder block 2, the upper end of the piston rod 7 is connected with the bidirectional piston 4, and the lower end of the piston rod, the cylinder block C of the engine and the independent cylinder block D in each second basic unit form a second basic unit, the bottom of the independent cylinder block D in each second basic unit is sealed, the bottom of the independent cylinder block D is provided with a liquid passing port, and the liquid passing port of the independent cylinder block in each second basic unit is communicated with the liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder block through a third channel 11.

This embodiment pushes the liquid 5 above by means of the bi-directional piston 4 in the cylinder block, causing the liquid to enter the cylinder block C and compress the gas in the cylinder block C, and pushes the liquid below by means of the bi-directional piston, causing the liquid to enter the cylinder block D and compress the gas in the cylinder block D.

Liquid cooling devices can be arranged at a third channel between the liquid passing port of the cylinder body D and the liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body in each second basic unit and between the cylinder and the hydraulic cylinder body. Other technical features of the present embodiment may be the same as those of the second embodiment.

The liquid pressed into the cylinder block plays a role in sealing high-pressure gas and transmitting power. The floating piston always floats above the liquid, has a certain gap with the cylinder body, is not in substantial contact with the cylinder body, and only plays a role in isolating heat conduction between high-temperature gas and the liquid. A liquid scraping ring can also be installed to reduce the consumption of liquid.

The floating piston is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the cylinder body, and the fit clearance can be adjusted according to actual conditions. And a small amount of liquid can be remained on the wall of the cylinder through which the liquid column passes, and the liquid can generate the effect similar to water spraying after being evaporated. Can reduce the temperature in the cylinder and reduce the pollution emission.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: when the piston moves upwards, liquid above the bidirectional piston enters the cylinder block C, and liquid in the cylinder block D returns to the lower part of the bidirectional piston through a channel. At this time C the block gas compresses and the block D gas expands. Taking a two-stroke engine as an example, when the bidirectional piston is at the lowest position, the cylinder body C is scavenging, and the cylinder body D is at an ignition stage, so the pressure of the cylinder body D is far greater than that of the cylinder body C. When the bidirectional piston in the hydraulic cylinder body is at the highest position, the cylinder body D is scavenging, and the cylinder body C is in an ignition stage, so that the pressure of the cylinder body C is far greater than that of the cylinder body D.

When the diameter D of the hydraulic cylinder body is larger than the diameter D of the cylinder body, the diameter of the hydraulic cylinder body is large, and the diameter of the cylinder body is small, so that the distance traveled by liquid pressed out by the hydraulic cylinder body in the cylinder body after entering the cylinder body is longer than the distance traveled by the liquid in the cylinder body. Thus, the distance traveled by the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is less than the distance traveled by the liquid column in the cylinder.

Due to the presence of the piston rod, the liquid volume in the lower part of the piston is slightly smaller than the liquid volume in the upper part of the piston. Therefore, the diameter of the cylinder block D is slightly smaller than that of the cylinder block C, and the height of the cylinder block D is unchanged.

The whole process all is doing work when the bent axle crank throw of this embodiment rotates, compares the mode of general diesel engine cylinder crank throw, and this embodiment bent axle utilization ratio improves, does not increase the bent axle atress moreover, has reduced the average pressure of bent axle on the contrary, and each crank throw corresponds two cylinders, can reduce crank throw quantity, and then reduces complete machine length, weight, and the diameter that increases the pneumatic cylinder can play the effect of increasing the cylinder stroke equally. The embodiment is relatively suitable for a small-bore long-stroke diesel engine.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. An engine with an improved structure is characterized in that: the engine cylinder group comprises at least one engine cylinder group, each engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body of each engine cylinder group is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, a piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body and is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, the lower end of the piston is connected with a crankshaft in a crankcase through a connecting rod, liquid is filled above the piston, the hydraulic cylinder bodies are communicated with the cylinder body in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the liquid above the piston is pushed through the piston, the liquid enters the cylinder body, and the gas is.

2. An engine with an improved structure is characterized in that: the engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body is sealed, a piston rod outlet is reserved, a two-way piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the two-way piston is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, liquid is filled in the upper space and the lower space of the two-way piston, a piston rod is further arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the upper end of the piston rod is connected with the two-way piston, the lower end of the piston rod penetrates through the piston rod outlet at the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body and extends into a crankcase, the piston rod is connected with a crankshaft through a connecting rod, the piston rod is in movable sealing fit with the piston rod outlet, a first liquid passing port is arranged at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body, a second liquid passing port is arranged at the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body or the lower part of the cylinder body The channel is communicated with a first liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body B, and the first liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body A in each first basic unit is communicated with a second liquid passing port at the upper part of the hydraulic cylinder body B or a second liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body B through a second channel.

3. The improved structure of the engine according to claim 2, wherein: piston rods of two engine cylinder groups in the same first basic unit are respectively connected with a first crank arm and a second crank arm of a crankshaft through two connecting rods, and the phase difference between the first crank arm and the second crank arm is 180 degrees;

4. An engine with an improved structure is characterized in that: the engine cylinder group comprises a cylinder body and a hydraulic cylinder body, the inner cavity of the hydraulic cylinder body is communicated with the inner cavity of the cylinder body, the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body is sealed, a piston rod outlet is reserved, a bidirectional piston is arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the bidirectional piston is in sliding fit with the inner wall of the hydraulic cylinder body, liquid is filled in the upper space and the lower space of the bidirectional piston, a piston rod is further arranged in the hydraulic cylinder body, the upper end of the piston rod is connected with the bidirectional piston, the lower end of the piston rod penetrates through the piston rod outlet at the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder body and extends into a crankcase and is connected with a crankshaft through a connecting rod, the piston rod is in movable sealing fit with the piston rod outlet, a liquid passing port is arranged at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder body, the bottom of the independent cylinder body in each second basic unit is sealed, the liquid passing port of the independent cylinder block in each second basic unit is communicated with the liquid passing port at the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder block of the engine cylinder group through a passage.

5. An improved structure engine as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 4, wherein: the inner diameter D of the hydraulic cylinder body of each engine cylinder group is larger than the inner diameter D of the cylinder body, the distance traveled in the cylinder body by liquid pressed out by the hydraulic cylinder body after correspondingly entering the cylinder body is longer than the distance traveled in the hydraulic cylinder body, and the distance traveled by a piston of the hydraulic cylinder body is smaller than the distance traveled by the liquid in the cylinder body.

6. The improved structure engine according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: each cylinder body is internally provided with a high-temperature resistant floating piston which floats on liquid and is used for isolating heat conduction between high-temperature gas and the liquid.

7. The improved structure engine according to claim 6, wherein: the floating piston is in clearance fit with the inner wall of the cylinder body; a liquid scraping ring is fixed on the outer wall of the floating piston; the liquid filled in the hydraulic cylinder body adopts water or other liquid.

8. The improved structure engine according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: the hydraulic cylinder body and the upper crankcase are cast into a whole; the hydraulic cylinder body is positioned on the side edge of the cylinder body, the lower end of the cylinder body is sealed, and the cylinder body is communicated with the hydraulic cylinder body through a channel; and a cooling device is arranged at a channel between the cylinder body and the hydraulic cylinder body.

9. The improved structure engine according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: the hydraulic cylinder body is arranged between the cylinder body and the upper crankcase; the cylinder body, the hydraulic cylinder body and the upper crankcase are connected into a whole; and the cylinder body is positioned at the upper end of the hydraulic cylinder body, and the hydraulic cylinder body is positioned at the upper end of the upper crankcase.

10. The improved structure engine according to claim 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that: the upper part of the cylinder body is fixedly connected with a cylinder cover, and the cylinder cover is provided with an intake valve and an exhaust valve; when the engine is a two-stroke engine, the lower part of the cylinder body is provided with a scavenging valve with a check valve, the scavenging valve and an exhaust valve are used together to complete the processes of air intake and exhaust, when the pressure in the cylinder body is higher than the scavenging pressure, the check valve is automatically closed, and when the scavenging pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure, the scavenging valve is automatically opened to scavenge air.