CN111716835A - Lightning protection composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lightning protection composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111716835A CN111716835A CN202010563075.6A CN202010563075A CN111716835A CN 111716835 A CN111716835 A CN 111716835A CN 202010563075 A CN202010563075 A CN 202010563075A CN 111716835 A CN111716835 A CN 111716835A
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/38—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising epoxy resins
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- B32B37/02—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by a sequence of laminating steps, e.g. by adding new layers at consecutive laminating stations
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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- B32B5/08—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer the fibres or filaments of a layer being of different substances, e.g. conjugate fibres, mixture of different fibres
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- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/10—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer reinforced with filaments
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- B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
- B32B7/08—Interconnection of layers by mechanical means
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- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
- B64D45/02—Lightning protectors; Static dischargers
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Abstract
The invention provides a lightning protection composite material and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the lightning protection composite material comprises the following steps: preparing a carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg, wherein the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is a material formed by impregnating a carbon fiber fabric into phenolic resin; laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on a prefabricated plate made of a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material; and carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the laid material to prepare the lightning protection composite material. According to the invention, the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg and the matrix material carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite are compounded through vacuum hot pressing, and the prepared lightning protection composite has higher conductivity and better lightning protection effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material preparation and engineering application, in particular to a lightning protection composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material is widely applied to the field of aviation industry due to the characteristics of excellent mechanical property, corrosion resistance, light weight and the like, and particularly, the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material is more and more widely applied to the advanced airplane structure instead of a metal material along with the increasing requirements of the advanced airplane structure on weight reduction, structure designability, integrated forming and the like.
However, compared with the traditional metal materials such as aluminum alloy and the like, the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material has poor conductivity, so that the aircraft structure adopting the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material is easy to be seriously damaged in extreme environments such as lightning and the like, and even disastrous accidents are caused. According to statistics, 1 chance of suffering from lightning stroke exists every 3000 hours of flying of the airplane, and the number of cases of airplane crash caused by the lightning stroke is increasing day by day. The main lightning stroke protection methods at present comprise a surface layer protection method, a metal mesh foil protection method and the like, and although the method can reduce the damage of the lightning energy to the aircraft structure to a certain extent, the method also brings the problems of easy separation from a composite material, increase of the oil consumption of the aircraft and the like.
In recent decades, scientists in various countries have conducted extensive research on conductive lightning protection materials, and the initial relevant research mainly focuses on metallic lightning protection materials, and researches on the mechanical properties, the lightning damage degree and the like of the metal/carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material after lightning strike. However, when the metal material is introduced to the surface of the composite material, the composite material can correspondingly increase the flight oil consumption of the aircraft while improving the lightning protection performance. Moreover, even if a metal material is introduced on the surface of the composite material, the lightning current still causes a certain thermal damage to the matrix material of the composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem that the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material is easy to be seriously damaged under extreme environments such as lightning and the like when being applied to an airplane structure due to poor electric conductivity, and in the prior art, a metal material is introduced into the surface of the composite material, but the lightning current still can cause certain thermal damage to the matrix material of the composite material.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
preparing a carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg, wherein the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is a material formed by impregnating a carbon fiber fabric into phenolic resin;
laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on a prefabricated plate made of a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material;
and carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the laid material to prepare the lightning protection composite material.
Preferably, the preparation of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg comprises the following steps:
laying the carbon fiber fabric in a mold, and laying a flow guide net on the surface of the carbon fiber;
placing the mold in a sealing device, wherein the sealing device is connected with a container filled with the phenolic resin solution, the interior of the sealing device is vacuumized, and the phenolic resin solution is sucked into the mold;
and drying the mold in a vacuum-pumping state, cooling and demolding after drying to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
Preferably, the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 30-95 wt%.
Preferably, the drying conditions are as follows: drying at 40-130 deg.C for 0.5-48 h.
Preferably, the preparation of the prefabricated plate made of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material comprises the following steps:
n layers of prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material are laid according to a preset angle, and the prepreg is repeatedly and circularly laid to obtain the prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, wherein N is larger than or equal to 2, and the preset angle comprises the laying angle of each layer in the N layers.
Preferably, the predetermined angle is 0 °/90 ° or 45 °/0 °/45 °/90 °.
Preferably, the vacuum hot pressing of the laid material comprises: and (3) carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the laid material under the condition of heating up under 0.1-1Mpa, wherein the heating up rate is 1-5 ℃/min in the heating up process.
Preferably, the temperature raising process is as follows: and heating according to the heating rate, stopping heating and keeping the temperature for the first time at the first temperature when the temperature reaches the first temperature, then continuing heating according to the heating rate, and stopping heating and keeping the temperature for the second time at the second temperature when the temperature reaches the second temperature.
Preferably, the first temperature is 50-95 ℃, the first time is 30-90min, the second temperature is 100-.
Compared with the prior art, the preparation method of the lightning protection composite material provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg and the matrix material carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite are compounded through vacuum hot pressing, and the prepared lightning protection composite has higher conductivity and better lightning protection effect. Specifically, the lightning current is conducted to the carbon fiber fabric through the conductivity of the carbon fiber fabric in the composite prepreg, so that the Joule heat generated on the surface of the base material by the lightning current is reduced. Under the action of Joule heat, phenolic resin in the composite prepreg is heated and decomposed, partial Joule heat is consumed, in addition, carbide generated by decomposition of the phenolic resin has a higher infrared radiation coefficient, and Joule heat eroded to a base body is dissipated in a heat radiation mode, so that heat damage to the base body material caused by lightning current is reduced, the lightning protection performance of the material is improved, and damage to an airplane structure caused by the lightning energy is reduced.
The invention also provides a lightning protection composite material which is prepared by the preparation method of the lightning protection composite material.
Compared with the prior art, the lightning protection composite material provided by the invention has the same beneficial effects as the preparation method of the lightning protection composite material, and the details are not repeated herein.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a digital photograph of a carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of the optical microstructure of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg prepared in example 1 of the present invention after curing;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of a carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg prepared in example 1 of the present invention cured;
FIG. 4 is a digital photograph of a carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph of a carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a digital photograph of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention after lightning strike;
FIG. 7 is a photomicrograph of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention after lightning strike;
FIG. 8 is a photograph of an ultrasonic C scan of a carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention after lightning strike;
FIG. 9 is a B-scan photograph of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention after lightning strike.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, preparing a carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg, wherein the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is a material formed by impregnating a carbon fiber fabric into phenolic resin;
and 3, carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the laid material to prepare the lightning protection composite material, namely the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
In this embodiment, the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg and the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material are compounded to prepare the lightning protection composite material, wherein the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material is used as a base material, the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is used as a sacrificial decomposition heat dissipation layer, and the damage of lightning stroke energy to the base material is effectively reduced through the heat dissipation protection effect of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
Specifically, when an aircraft is struck by a lightning, a large lightning current (current peak in excess of 100kA) is conducted through the composite structure and components of the aircraft, and the joule heat generated by the lightning current generates extremely high temperatures at the lightning strike attachment point, which may be as high as 3000 and 30000 ℃.
On one hand, the carbon fiber fabric in the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is used as a conductor, and the conductivity of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is superior to that of a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, so that the carbon fiber fabric can dredge huge lightning strike current and reduce joule heat generated by the lightning strike current on the surface of a base material.
On the other hand, the phenolic resin in the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is decomposed under the action of high temperature generated by joule heat, and compared with the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material, the heat consumed by the decomposition of the phenolic resin is more, and the carbide generated by the decomposition of the phenolic resin has better impact resistance and higher infrared radiation coefficient, so that the joule heat generated on the surface of the matrix material by lightning current can be further dissipated through enthalpy change of the decomposition reaction of the phenolic resin and the heat radiation effect of the carbide generated by the decomposition, thereby preventing the joule heat from being transferred to the interior of the matrix material and reducing the heat damage of the lightning current to the matrix material. Therefore, in the embodiment, the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is added into the matrix material, so that the lightning protection performance of the matrix material can be obviously improved.
In addition, the base material that this embodiment adopted is carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composite, has corrosion-resistant and light characteristics, therefore this embodiment adds carbon fiber/phenolic resin protective structure to the base material to the lightning protection composite who makes through vacuum hot pressing has good, corrosion-resistant and light characteristics of thermal protection performance, can satisfy the lightning protection demand.
The carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg in the step 1 is prepared by adopting a vacuum suction filtration method, and comprises the following steps:
and 12, placing the mold in a sealing device, wherein one end of the sealing device is connected with a vacuum pump, the other end of the sealing device is connected with a container filled with the phenolic resin solution through a rubber pipe, vacuumizing the interior of the sealing device, and simultaneously sucking the phenolic resin solution into the mold through the rubber pipe under the negative pressure of the sealing device.
And step 13, drying the mold in a vacuum-pumping state, cooling and demolding after drying to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
Further, step 11 specifically includes placing the carbon fiber fabric on the surface of the release fabric, and then placing the carbon fiber fabric and the release fabric on a flat and smooth metal flat plate to ensure that the carbon fiber fabric is flat and has no wrinkles, carbon fiber bundles in the carbon fiber fabric are kept in orthogonal arrangement, and a flow guide net is laid on the surface of the flat carbon fiber fabric.
In step 12, the sealing device is a vacuum bag, and the carbon fiber fabric laid with the flow guide net is sealed by using a sealing adhesive tape and the vacuum bag. In this embodiment, the carbon fiber fabric and the metal flat plate are rectangular, and rubber tubes communicated with the vacuum bag are respectively led out from diagonal positions of the vacuum bag, wherein the rubber tubes are preferably silicone rubber tubes. Connecting a rubber tube at one end of the vacuum bag with a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing the vacuum bag; and inserting the rubber tube at the other end of the vacuum bag into a beaker filled with the phenolic resin solution, and sucking the glue. In order to ensure the negative pressure in the vacuum bag, the vacuum bag is vacuumized for 1-10 min. In addition, the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 30-95 wt%.
And 13, placing the vacuum bag in an oven, drying for 0.5-48h at 40-130 ℃, and keeping a vacuum-pumping state all the time in the vacuum bag drying process to remove the solvent and bubbles in the phenolic resin solution. And after cooling the vacuum bag to room temperature, placing the vacuum bag in a freezer for cooling for 4-48h, and demolding to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
In step 2, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on a prefabricated part plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of laying N layers of prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to a preset angle, and repeatedly and circularly laying to obtain the prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, wherein N is larger than or equal to 2, the preset angle comprises the laying angle of each layer in the N layers, the preset angle is expressed by alpha/beta/gamma … …, alpha is the first layer laying angle, beta is the second layer laying angle, gamma is the third layer laying angle, and the like. Preferably, N takes a value of 2 or 4, the preset angle is preferably 0 °/90 ° when N is 2, and 45 °/0 °/45 °/90 ° when N is 4.
Specifically, the repeated and cyclic laying according to 0 °/90 ° means that a first layer of prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material is laid according to the 0 ° direction, a second layer is laid according to the 90 ° direction, a third layer is laid according to the 0 ° direction, a fourth layer is laid according to the 90 ° direction, and the first layer and the second layer are circularly laid to form the prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material. Similarly, the repeated and cyclic laying of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material at 45 °/0 °/-45 °/90 ° means that the prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material is laid on the first layer to the fourth layer at angles of 45 °, 0 °, -45 °, and 90 °, and then continuously and repeatedly laid in the sequence of 45 °, 0 °, -45 °, and 90 °, so as to obtain the prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material. Thus, the uniformity of the prefabricated part plate made of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material can be ensured. And then, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on a prefabricated plate made of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
And 3, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the laid material at 0.1-1Mpa, heating at a heating rate of 1-5 ℃/min in the vacuum hot pressing process, stopping heating and keeping the temperature at the first temperature for a first time when the temperature reaches the first temperature, then continuing heating to a second temperature, stopping heating and keeping the temperature at the second temperature for a second time when the temperature reaches the second temperature, and finally cooling the material to room temperature to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material with the lightning protection function. Wherein the first temperature is 50-95 deg.C, the first time is 30-90min, the second temperature is 100-150 deg.C, and the second time is 1-3 h. By adopting a heating mode of temperature rise and heat preservation, the protective layer formed by the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg can be tightly attached to the surface of the base material, the bonding degree of the protective layer and the base material is improved, and the protective layer is prevented from falling off.
The electrical property of the lightning protection composite material prepared in the embodiment of the invention is tested, the slice resistivity of the lightning protection composite material is measured by adopting a four-point probe method, and the electrical conductivity of the lightning protection composite material is 1-20S/cm through a conversion formula of the resistivity and the electrical conductivity. The damage depth of the lightning protection composite material after lightning strike is 1.8mm, and compared with a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material, the damage depth of the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment is remarkably reduced, and the lightning protection performance of the composite material is improved.
The following will explain details of the present invention by way of specific examples. The selected carbon fiber fabric is from Guangwei composite materials GmbH, the prepreg of the selected carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material is from Guangwei composite materials GmbH, and the used glass instrument, stirrer, air-blast oven, autoclave and the like are common laboratory instruments and equipment.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
1.1, placing the carbon fiber fabric on the surface of the demolding cloth, and then placing the demolding cloth on a flat and smooth metal flat plate, and ensuring that the carbon fiber fabric is flat and free of wrinkles, and carbon fiber bundles in the carbon fiber fabric are in orthogonal arrangement;
1.2 then laying a flow guide net on the surface of the flat fiber fabric, sealing the flow guide net by using a sealing adhesive tape and a vacuum bag, and respectively leading out silicone rubber tubes communicated with the vacuum bag from diagonal positions of the vacuum bag. Connecting the silicone rubber tube at one end with a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing for 10min to ensure the negative pressure in the vacuum bag; inserting the silicone rubber tube at the other end into a beaker filled with a phenolic resin solution, and sucking the glue, wherein the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 75 wt%;
1.3 after the glue absorption is finished, placing the vacuum bag in an oven, drying for 6h at the temperature of 75 ℃, and keeping a vacuumizing state all the time in the process so as to remove the solvent and bubbles in the resin solution;
and 1.4, after the vacuum bag is cooled to room temperature, placing the vacuum bag in a freezer, and demolding after 4 hours to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
1.5 laying a prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to circulation angles of 0 degree and 90 degrees, laying the prepreg into a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on the prefabricated plate, and carrying out vacuum hot pressing under 0.4MPa, wherein the heating rate is 2 ℃/min, the first temperature is 75 ℃, the first temperature is 90min, the second temperature is 120 ℃, and the second time is 2 hours in the hot pressing process. And cooling to room temperature to obtain the lightning protection composite material, namely the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
The conductivity of the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment is 20S/cm through testing.
The digital photograph, optical microstructure and scanning electron micrograph of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg prepared in this example are shown in fig. 1 to 3. As can be seen from fig. 1, the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg prepared by the vacuum filtration method has the advantage that the phenolic resin fully infiltrates carbon fiber fabrics, so that the carbon fiber and the phenolic resin are not easily peeled off. As can be seen from fig. 2 and 3, a part of the phenolic resin overflows and covers the surface of the carbon fiber fabric, thereby also illustrating the sufficient wetting of the carbon fiber fabric by the phenolic resin.
The digital photos and the micrographs of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material prepared in this example are shown in fig. 4 and 5. As can be seen from fig. 4, the carbon fiber/phenolic resin layer (which may be referred to as a protective layer) is tightly attached to the surface of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material (matrix material), so that the protective layer is not easy to fall off from the surface of the matrix material. As can be seen from fig. 5, the carbon fiber fabric is not in a loose state and has been sufficiently impregnated with the phenol resin.
In this embodiment, a lightning strike test is performed on the prepared lightning protection composite material, and a digital photo, a micro-morphology photo, and an ultrasonic C-scan and ultrasonic B-scan photo of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composite material after the lightning strike are respectively shown in fig. 6 to 9. As can be seen from FIGS. 6-9, the lightning strike has a smaller damage area and depth to the lightning protection composite material. Through tests, the lightning stroke damage depth of the lightning protection composite material is 1.8 mm.
In addition, this example also provides a comparative example, in which the steps for preparing the composite material are specifically as follows:
laying a prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to a circulation angle of 0 degree and 90 degrees, and laying the prepreg into a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material;
secondly, placing the prefabricated part plate on the surface of demolding cloth, then placing the prefabricated part plate on a smooth metal flat plate, ensuring that the prefabricated part is smooth and has no wrinkles, and then sealing the prefabricated part plate by using a sealing adhesive tape and a vacuum bag;
thirdly, carrying out vacuum hot pressing under 0.4MPa, wherein the heating rate is 3 ℃/min, the first temperature is 75 ℃, the first time is 60 min, the second temperature is 120 ℃, and the second time is 2h in the hot pressing process. Cooling to room temperature gave a comparative composite.
Tests show that the conductivity of the comparative composite material is 5S/cm, and the damage depth of the comparative composite material after lightning strike is 2.8 mm.
According to the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment, as the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is added in the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material, the conductivity of the prepared lightning protection composite material is obviously higher than that of a comparative composite material prepared by not adding the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg in the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material, mainly because the conductivity of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material is poor, and the carbon fiber in the added prepreg has excellent conductivity, so that the conductivity of the lightning protection composite material is higher than that of the comparative composite material.
In addition, the damage depth of the lightning protection composite material after being struck by lightning is smaller than that of the comparative composite material after being struck by lightning. The carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is added in the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material when the lightning protection composite material is prepared, so that lightning current passes through joule heat generated by a conductor, one part of the joule heat is decomposed and absorbed by the phenolic resin, and the other part of the joule heat is radiated by carbide generated by the decomposition of the phenolic resin in a heat radiation mode, so that the corrosion of the joule heat to the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material is reduced, the heat damage to the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite material is reduced, and the lightning protection composite material has a better lightning protection function.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
2.1, placing the carbon fiber fabric on the surface of the demolding cloth, and then placing the demolding cloth on a flat and smooth metal flat plate, and ensuring that the carbon fiber fabric is flat and free of wrinkles, and carbon fiber bundles in the carbon fiber fabric are in orthogonal arrangement;
2.2 then laying a flow guide net on the surface of the flat fiber fabric, sealing the flow guide net by using a sealing adhesive tape and a vacuum bag, and respectively leading out silicone rubber tubes communicated with the vacuum bag from diagonal positions of the vacuum bag. Connecting the silicone rubber tube at one end with a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing for 1min to ensure the negative pressure in the vacuum bag; inserting the silicone rubber tube at the other end into a beaker filled with a phenolic resin solution, and sucking the glue, wherein the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 30 wt%;
2.3 after the glue absorption is finished, placing the vacuum bag in an oven, drying for 48 hours at 40 ℃, and keeping a vacuum-pumping state all the time in the process to remove the solvent and bubbles in the resin solution;
2.4 after the vacuum bag is cooled to the room temperature, placing the vacuum bag in a freezer, and demolding after 48 hours to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
2.5 laying the prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to the circulation angles of 0 degree and 90 degrees, laying the prepreg into a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on the prefabricated plate, and carrying out vacuum hot pressing under 0.1MPa, wherein the heating rate in the hot pressing process is 1 ℃/min, the first temperature is 95 ℃, the first temperature is 30 min, the second temperature is 150 ℃, and the second time is 1 hour. And cooling to room temperature to obtain the lightning protection composite material, namely the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
The conductivity of the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment is 5S/cm through testing.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
3.1, placing the carbon fiber fabric on the surface of the demolding cloth, and then placing the demolding cloth on a flat and smooth metal flat plate, and ensuring that the carbon fiber fabric is flat and free of wrinkles, and carbon fiber bundles in the carbon fiber fabric are in orthogonal arrangement;
3.2 then laying a flow guide net on the surface of the flat fiber fabric, sealing the flow guide net by using a sealing adhesive tape and a vacuum bag, and respectively leading out a silicon rubber tube communicated with the vacuum bag from the diagonal position of the vacuum bag. Connecting the silicone rubber tube at one end with a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing for 10min to ensure the negative pressure in the vacuum bag; inserting the silicone rubber tube at the other end into a beaker filled with a phenolic resin solution, and sucking the glue, wherein the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 95 wt%;
3.3 after the glue absorption is finished, placing the vacuum bag in an oven, drying for 0.5h at the temperature of 130 ℃, and keeping a vacuumizing state all the time in the process so as to remove the solvent and bubbles in the resin solution;
and 3.4, after the vacuum bag is cooled to the room temperature, placing the vacuum bag in a freezer, and demolding after 4 hours to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
3.5 laying the prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to a circulation angle of 45 degrees/0 degrees/45 degrees/90 degrees to form a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on the prefabricated plate, and carrying out vacuum hot pressing under 1MPa, wherein the heating rate in the hot pressing process is 5 ℃/min, the first temperature is 95 ℃, the first temperature is 30 minutes, the second temperature is 100 ℃, and the second time is 3 hours. And cooling to room temperature to obtain the lightning protection composite material, namely the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
The conductivity of the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment is 20S/cm through testing.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
4.1, placing the carbon fiber fabric on the surface of the demolding cloth, and then placing the demolding cloth on a flat and smooth metal flat plate, and ensuring that the carbon fiber fabric is flat and free of wrinkles, and carbon fiber bundles in the carbon fiber fabric are in orthogonal arrangement;
4.2 then, laying a flow guide net on the surface of the flat fiber fabric, sealing the flow guide net by using a sealing adhesive tape and a vacuum bag, and respectively leading out silicone rubber tubes communicated with the vacuum bag from diagonal positions of the vacuum bag. Connecting the silicone rubber tube at one end with a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing for 4min to ensure the negative pressure in the vacuum bag; inserting the silicone rubber tube at the other end into a beaker filled with a phenolic resin solution, and sucking the glue, wherein the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 50 wt%;
4.3 after the glue absorption is finished, placing the vacuum bag in an oven, drying for 12h at the temperature of 60 ℃, and keeping a vacuumizing state all the time in the process so as to remove the solvent and bubbles in the resin solution;
4.4 after the vacuum bag is cooled to the room temperature, the vacuum bag is placed in a freezer, and after 12 hours, demoulding is carried out, thus obtaining the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
And 4.5, laying the prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to a circulation angle of 0-90 degrees, laying the prepreg into a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on the prefabricated plate, and carrying out vacuum hot pressing under 0.2MPa, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, the first temperature is 85 ℃, the first time is 60 min, the second temperature is 140 ℃, and the second time is 1 hour in the hot pressing process. And cooling to room temperature to obtain the lightning protection composite material, namely the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
The conductivity of the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment is 10S/cm through testing.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
5.1, placing the carbon fiber fabric on the surface of the demolding cloth, and then placing the demolding cloth on a flat and smooth metal flat plate, and ensuring that the carbon fiber fabric is flat and free of wrinkles, and carbon fiber bundles in the carbon fiber fabric are in orthogonal arrangement;
and 5.2, paving a flow guide net on the surface of the flat fiber fabric, sealing the flow guide net by using a sealing adhesive tape and a vacuum bag, and respectively leading out silicone rubber tubes communicated with the vacuum bag from diagonal positions of the vacuum bag. Connecting the silicone rubber tube at one end with a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing for 7min to ensure negative pressure in the vacuum bag; inserting the silicone rubber tube at the other end into a beaker filled with a phenolic resin solution, and sucking the glue, wherein the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 80 wt%;
5.3 after the glue absorption is finished, placing the vacuum bag in an oven, drying for 1.5h at the temperature of 100 ℃, and keeping a vacuumizing state all the time in the process so as to remove the solvent and bubbles in the resin solution;
and 5.4, after the vacuum bag is cooled to the room temperature, placing the vacuum bag in a freezer, and demolding after 24 hours to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
5.5 paving the prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to a circulation angle of 45 degrees/0 degrees/45 degrees/90 degrees to form a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, paving the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on the prefabricated plate, and performing vacuum hot pressing under 0.4MPa, wherein the heating rate in the hot pressing process is 3 ℃/min, the first temperature is 75 ℃, the first time is 60 minutes, the second temperature is 120 ℃, and the second time is 2 hours. And cooling to room temperature to obtain the lightning protection composite material, namely the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
The conductivity of the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment is tested to be 18S/cm.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a lightning protection composite material, which comprises the following steps:
6.1, placing the carbon fiber fabric on the surface of the demolding cloth, and then placing the demolding cloth on a flat and smooth metal flat plate, and ensuring that the carbon fiber fabric is flat and free of wrinkles, and carbon fiber bundles in the carbon fiber fabric are in orthogonal arrangement;
6.2 then, laying a flow guide net on the surface of the flat fiber fabric, sealing the flow guide net by using a sealing adhesive tape and a vacuum bag, and respectively leading out silicone rubber tubes communicated with the vacuum bag from diagonal positions of the vacuum bag. Connecting the silicone rubber tube at one end with a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing for 4min to ensure the negative pressure in the vacuum bag; inserting the silicone rubber tube at the other end into a beaker filled with a phenolic resin solution, and sucking the glue, wherein the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 50 wt%;
6.3 after the glue absorption is finished, placing the vacuum bag in an oven, drying for 12h at the temperature of 60 ℃, and keeping a vacuumizing state all the time in the process so as to remove the solvent and bubbles in the resin solution;
6.4 after the vacuum bag is cooled to the room temperature, the vacuum bag is placed in a freezer, and after 12 hours, demoulding is carried out, thus obtaining the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
6.5 laying the prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material according to a circulation angle of 0 degree and 90 degrees, laying the prepreg into a prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on the prefabricated plate, and carrying out vacuum hot pressing under 0.2MPa, wherein the heating rate is 4 ℃/min, the first temperature is 50 ℃, the first temperature is 90min, the second temperature is 130 ℃, and the second time is 1.5 hours in the hot pressing process. And cooling to room temperature to obtain the lightning protection composite material, namely the carbon fiber/phenolic resin-carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material.
The conductivity of the lightning protection composite material prepared by the embodiment is 8S/cm through testing.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the lightning protection composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preparing a carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg, wherein the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg is a material formed by impregnating a carbon fiber fabric into phenolic resin;
laying the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg on a prefabricated plate made of a carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material;
and carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the laid material to prepare the lightning protection composite material.
2. The method of preparing a lightning protection composite material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg comprises the steps of:
laying the carbon fiber fabric in a mold;
placing the mold in a sealing device, wherein the sealing device is connected with a container filled with the phenolic resin solution, the interior of the sealing device is vacuumized, and the phenolic resin solution is sucked into the mold;
and drying the mold in a vacuum-pumping state, cooling and demolding after drying to obtain the carbon fiber/phenolic resin prepreg.
3. The method of preparing a lightning protection composite material according to claim 2, wherein the concentration of the phenolic resin solution is 30-95 wt%.
4. The method of preparing a lightning protection composite material according to claim 2, wherein the drying conditions are: drying at 40-130 deg.C for 0.5-48 h.
5. The method for preparing a lightning protection composite material according to claim 1, wherein the preparation of the prefabricated plate of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin based composite material comprises the following steps:
n layers of prepreg of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material are laid according to a preset angle, and the prepreg is repeatedly and circularly laid to obtain the prefabricated plate of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite material, wherein N is larger than or equal to 2, and the preset angle comprises the laying angle of each layer in the N layers.
6. The method of manufacturing a lightning protection composite according to claim 5, characterised in that said predetermined angle is 0 °/90 ° or 45 °/0 °/45 °/90 °.
7. The method of manufacturing a lightning protection composite material according to claim 1, wherein said vacuum hot pressing the laid material comprises: and (3) carrying out vacuum hot pressing on the laid material under the condition of heating up under 0.1-1Mpa, wherein the heating up rate is 1-5 ℃/min in the heating up process.
8. The method for preparing a lightning protection composite material according to claim 7, wherein the temperature raising process is: and heating according to the heating rate, stopping heating and keeping the temperature for the first time at the first temperature when the temperature reaches the first temperature, then continuing heating according to the heating rate, and stopping heating and keeping the temperature for the second time at the second temperature when the temperature reaches the second temperature.
9. The method for preparing a lightning protection composite material according to claim 8, wherein the first temperature is 50-95 ℃, the first time is 30-90min, the second temperature is 100-.
10. A lightning protection composite material, characterized in that it is produced by a method for producing a lightning protection composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112706427A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-27 | 同济大学 | Lightning stroke protection, electromagnetic shielding and bearing integrated aviation material and preparation method thereof |
| US20210215629A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-07-15 | X1' An Jiaotong University | Lightning damage assessment method for carbon fiber reinforced polymer material considering non-linear impedance characteristic |
| CN113290885A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-24 | 中南大学 | Carbon fiber reinforced composite material missile wing and preparation method thereof |
| WO2023070727A1 (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | 常州百思通复合材料有限公司 | Method for producing thermosetting phenolic resin-based composite material |
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| CN106079481A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-09 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of forming method of the composite with lightning protected effect |
| CN107825810A (en) * | 2017-09-04 | 2018-03-23 | 中航复材（北京）科技有限公司 | A kind of lightweight lightning Protection superficial layer and its preparation and application |
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| CN101466598A (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2009-06-24 | 豪富公司 | Low density lightning strike protection for use in airplanes |
| CN106079481A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-09 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of forming method of the composite with lightning protected effect |
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| US20210215629A1 (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-07-15 | X1' An Jiaotong University | Lightning damage assessment method for carbon fiber reinforced polymer material considering non-linear impedance characteristic |
| CN112706427A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-27 | 同济大学 | Lightning stroke protection, electromagnetic shielding and bearing integrated aviation material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113290885A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-24 | 中南大学 | Carbon fiber reinforced composite material missile wing and preparation method thereof |
| CN113290885B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2022-07-29 | 长沙市佳一密封件有限公司 | Carbon fiber reinforced composite material missile wing and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200929 |