CN103057221B - Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modified laminated composite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modified laminated composite and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN103057221B
CN103057221B CN201310008295.2A CN201310008295A CN103057221B CN 103057221 B CN103057221 B CN 103057221B CN 201310008295 A CN201310008295 A CN 201310008295A CN 103057221 B CN103057221 B CN 103057221B
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laminated composite
composite materials
dimensional skeleton
graphene foam
interlayer
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CN103057221A (en
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郭妙才
益小苏
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BEIJING INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL MATERIALS CHINA AVIATION INDUSTRY GROUP Corp
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BEIJING INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICAL MATERIALS CHINA AVIATION INDUSTRY GROUP Corp
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Abstract

The invention discloses a three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modified laminated composite and a preparation method thereof. A three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam lamina with a three-dimensional continuous structure is intercalated between the continuous carbon fiber laminated composite layers and spread on the surface, based on the excellent intrinsic electrical conductivity and the super intrinsic thermal conductivity of such materials, and the characteristic that the internal three-dimensional continuous structure can eliminate the contact resistance and the thermal resistance, the electrical conductivity and the thermal conductivity of the composite are improved effectively, and the high-strength graphene structure is also likely to have reinforcing and toughening functions to the composite.

Description

A kind of laminated composite materials of Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modification and preparation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the preparing technical field of functional composite material, relate to a kind of laminated composite materials and preparation method of Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modification.
Background technology
Continuous carbon fibre strengthens resin-based laminated composite materials and has high specific strength and specific stiffness, more and more wider in the application in the fields such as aviation aviation, and the ratio accounted in aeroplane timber material is increasing, but due to nonmetallic 26S Proteasome Structure and Function feature, also bring some problems.
First continuous carbon fibre enhancing resin-based laminated composite materials has electric conductivity deficiency in layer, and interlayer resin-rich layer presents the feature of high resistant, therefore brings the problem such as anti-lightning strike, anti-electromagnetic interference, antistatic of aircraft.Composite anti-lightning or improve electric conductivity mainly through the surface at composite directly coated with one deck conductive layer, as traditional interpolation wire netting, bonding jumper etc. (WO2005032812-A2, US2005181203-A1) method and in recent years a large amount of patent and bibliographical information in composite, add the hydridization such as carbon nanotube paper, carbon fiber/carbon nanotube conductive material, or with the method for the conductive nano compound of the former superficial layer etc. (as referenced patent CN 102001448A, EP2289803-A2 and US2011049292-A1); Also having a kind of approach to be improve interlayer electric conductivity by adding the methods such as conducting particles, in composite resin matrix, adding CNT to improve the method etc. of conduction as US2009140098-A1 proposes.
The Heat Conduction Problems of the Second Problem laminated composite materials brought, the resin-rich area of interlayer has the very low thermal conductivity similar with most high-molecular organic material, cause this kind of composite to have lower thermal conductivity in the direction of vertical carbon fiber, and in thickness direction, there is lower thermal conductivity.In actual applications, as related to the part of electric and electronic, for high power density components and parts, because the continuous reduction of components and parts volume is had higher requirement to heat radiation, as the parts such as aircraft engine, brake block also need material to have good thermal conductivity to avoid heat concentration of local, excessive thermal stress is caused to cause structural deterioration.Also be unfavorable in anti-lightning strike being struck by lightning the diffusion of the amount of heat produced. and measure majority that traditional composite improves thermal conductivity concentrates on the filler that in thermosetting resin, directly interpolation thermal conductivity is higher, as patent CN102040761A, these patents add metal, material with carbon element, pottery etc. that thermal conductivity is higher in macromolecule resin matrix, especially the carbon micron and nano material that utilize lightweight and high heat conduction is concentrated on, as added graphite powder, graphite flake, carbon fiber, carbon nano-fiber, CNT, Graphene etc. in macromolecule matrix.But the thermal conductivity raising being directed to continuous carbon fibre composite material is then reported then little, relevant report has: 46th International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition. 2001:Materials and Processes Odyssey(2): 1530-1537, directly add boron nitride micro mist at interlayer, but unavoidably cause anti-low velocity impact hydraulic performance decline; Carbon, 50(3): 1135-1145,2011 add graphite nano plate paper at interlayer; Carbon, 49(8): 2817-2833,2010 mix CNT, but independent CNT has dispersion problem.
Use conducting particles and conductive particle fill the difficulty that the greatest problem run into is the formation of effective conduction or heat conduction network, and be confined to contact resistance high between particle and thermal contact resistance, therefore often need to fill a large amount of particles, material can be made to possess certain electric conductivity or thermal conductivity improves by a small margin, and last electric conductivity or thermal conductivity are far below pure conduction or conduction material.Even if the composite of filling carbon nano-pipe electrical conductivity under high filler loading capacity is also usually less than 10 -2s/cm, utilizes the long CNT of continuous print to prepare the electrical conductivity of composite in nanotube direction higher than 10 3s/cm; The composite thermal conductivity of doped graphene only has 0.4W/mk, and the continuous print graphene sheet layer thermal conductivity utilizing Raman spectrometer to record can reach 5000W/mk, the maximum reason causing filler grain to improve conductivity of composite material or thermal conductivity poor effect is exactly contact resistance high between particle and thermal contact resistance.
There is the grapheme foam of three-dimensional continuous structure, or be referred to as Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam, until 2011 are just prepared (Nature Material 2011 first, 10:424-428, CN102674321), and have received increasing attention, preparation conduction and heat-conductive composite material (see CN102732037) are applied at present, as the Graphene/dimethyl silicone polymer composite reported above, during doping three-dimensional framework Graphene mass fraction 0.5%, electrical conductivity reaches 10S/cm, J. Mater. Chem 2011, the three-dimensional framework Graphene electrical conductivity of 21:17366-17370 report reaches 600S/cm and is applied to solar cell, but the material that these foams and resin direct combination obtain is very poor relative to carbon fibre laminates composite materials property, also not yet Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam is used for modification laminated composite materials at present to prepare the laminated composite materials of electric conductivity and thermal conductivity improvement.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention: the object of the invention is the deficiency for above-mentioned research, proposes a kind of laminated composite materials and preparation method of Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modification.Of the present invention to the effect that by the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam with three-dimensional continuous structure with the form intercalation of thin slice or paving to continuous carbon fibre laminated composite materials interlayer and surface, composite interlayer and/or surface is fixed on subsequently by compression solidification, utilize intrinsic conductivity and fabulous intrinsic thermal conductivity that this kind of material is good, and the three-dimensional continuous structure feature of inside, improve electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity of composites, the mechanical property of the excellence that graphene-structured has also may can have activeness and quietness effect to composite simultaneously.
Object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Laminated composite materials by carbon fiber laying, one deck or multilayer by compress Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer, impregnation laminate composites matrix resin form, the interlayer of laminated composite materials or paving is distributed on the surface of laminated composite materials with intercalated form by the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer that compresses, and flooded by matrix resin, be distributed in the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thickness of thin layer of the interlayer of laminated composite materials with intercalated form at 5 ~ 60 μm, mass area ratio is at 5 ~ 70g/m 2between (not comprising dipping matrix resin wherein), be distributed in the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thickness of thin layer on laminated composite materials surface at 5 ~ 150 μm, mass area ratio is at 5 ~ 180g/m 2between (not comprising dipping matrix resin wherein), its version is one of following:
(1), when comprising one deck, Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer is distributed in laminated composite materials outer surface or first interlayer between the ground floor carbon fiber laying that is distributed in from outer surface and second layer carbon fiber laying namely from outer surface;
(2) when comprising multilayer, has one deck Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer at least at laminated composite materials outer surface, remaining Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer is distributed in any one interlayer of laminated composite materials, i.e. the interlayer of any two adjacent carbon fiber layings;
(3) when comprising multilayer, laminated composite materials outer surface does not have Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer, and all Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layers are distributed in any one interlayer of laminated composite materials, i.e. the interlayer of any two adjacent carbon fiber layings.
All interlayers of described laminated composite materials and outer surface all comprise one deck Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer.
Described Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer is distributed in an outer surface of laminated composite materials and the interlayer adjacent with this outer surface.
The laminated composite materials method of preparation Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modification is: processing obtains the thin slice of Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam, its thickness is greater than 10 μm under power effect with no pressure, and under the effect of 5MPa pressure, sheet thickness for follow-up intercalation is 5 ~ 60 μm, and mass area ratio is at 5 ~ 70g/m 2between, be 5 ~ 150 μm for the sheet thickness of follow-up paving in surface, mass area ratio is at 5 ~ 180g/m 2between, the thin slice of three-dimensional framework Graphene is intercalation into carbon fibre fabric or carbon fiber prepreg interlayer, or paving is to carbon fibre fabric or carbon fiber prepreg surface, obtains final composite subsequently by the preparation technology of laminated composite materials and curing process.
The kind of carbon fiber and fabric thereof and form comprise various business-like carbon fiber T300, T800, T700, CCF300, and its weaving manner is unidirectional, plain weave, twill, satin weave; Its matrix resin is epoxy resin, benzoxazine colophony, bimaleimide resin, polyimide resin.
The forming and hardening technique of composite is autoclave molding or RTM, mold pressing, vacuum aided or vacuum-bag process, and concrete operations perform according to the condition of molding of matrix resin.
Advantage and disadvantage of the present invention is:
The present invention utilizes the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam with three-dimensional continuous structure to carry out modification to continuous carbon fibre laminated composite materials interlayer, utilize the intrinsic conductivity and fabulous intrinsic thermal conductivity that this kind of material is good on the one hand, utilize on the other hand the three-dimensional continuous structure feature of foams to solve heat conductivility that the high thermal contact resistance because of interface of particle in existing filler doping techniques and contact resistance problem cause and electric conductivity bottleneck problem, thus improve interlayer electric conductivity and the thermal conductivity of composite efficiently, the high strength of of grapheme material itself also may can have activeness and quietness effect to composite simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, design of the present invention and technology of preparing are described in further details.
Embodiment 1:
(1-1) be 0.01g/cm by density 3the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam of flexibility to cut into 1mm thickness sheet for subsequent use;
(1-2) interlayer Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin slice obtained above being positioned over one by one the epoxy resin-matrix prepreg of the unidirectional enhancing of continuous carbon fibre carries out laying, until each interlayer has one deck grapheme foam thin layer, and at two outer surfaces also each paving one deck grapheme foam thin layer, carbon fiber T300,3K, epoxy resin 5228(Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material product), compress and obtain the composite preform of intercalation and surperficial paving grapheme foam thin slice after shaping;
(1-3) by the curing process that this epoxy prepreg specifies, utilize conventional mould pressing method to carry out vacuum forming solidification above-mentioned composite preform, obtain the composite product of three-dimensional framework Graphene modification.
As above-described embodiment obtains laminated composite materials, there is excellent monolithic conductive and thermal conductivity, can be applied to and need high heat conduction or anti-lightning strike occasion.
Embodiment 2:
(2-1) be 0.012g/cm by density 3the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam of flexibility cut into the thick thin slice of 1.5mm or the thick thin slice of 4mm totally 3 and the thick thin slice of a slice 12mm for subsequent use;
(2-2) thick for 1.5mm obtained above or that 4mm is thick Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin slice is positioned over the 1st and 2 of the epoxy resin-matrix prepreg of the unidirectional enhancing of continuous carbon fibre respectively, 2nd and the 3 and the 3rd and the interlayer of 4 layers of carbon fiber carry out laying, and grapheme foam thin slice thick for a slice 12mm is affixed on outside the 1st layer of carbon fiber prepreg, carbon fiber prepreg totally 24 layers, carbon fiber T300, 3K, epoxy resin 5228(Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material product), compress and obtain the composite preform that intercalation and surface paving cover one deck grapheme foam thin slice after shaping,
(2-3) by the curing process that this epoxy prepreg specifies, utilize conventional mould pressing method to carry out vacuum forming solidification above-mentioned composite preform, obtain the composite product of three-dimensional framework Graphene modification.
The laminated composite materials of the grapheme foam modification more than obtained has which floor high connductivity of surface and neighbouring surface, may be used for the anti-lightning strike protection of composite, the problem that the current flux that improvement only has surface coverage conductive layer to cause is inadequate.
Embodiment 3:
(3-1) be 0.004g/cm by density 3the thin slice that flexible three-dimensional framework Graphene cuts into 2mm thick is for subsequent use;
(3-2) interlayer three-dimensional framework graphene platelet obtained above being positioned over one by one continuous carbon fibre satin fabric carries out laying, carbon fiber T700,12K, shape and be placed in the mould compression of corresponding size fixing after obtain the composite preform of intercalated flake;
(3-3) RTM technique is utilized, by liquid benzoxazine (BOZ) resin, German Henkel Products Epsilon, inject precast body and flood completely, then the technique specified according to this BOZ resin carries out shaping and solidification, obtains the composite product that the shaping benzoxazine colophony base conductive and heat-conductive of RTM improves eventually.
Embodiment 4:
(4-1) be 0.008g/cm by density 3one deck thin slice that flexible Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam cuts into 10mm thick is for subsequent use;
(4-2) continuous carbon fibre satin fabric is carried out laying, carbon fiber T700,3K, after laying terminates by above-mentioned three-dimensional framework graphene platelet paving in a surface, obtain surface paving after sizing and cover the composite preform of grapheme foam thin slice;
(4-3) vacuum-bag process technique is utilized, by liquid-state epoxy resin 3266(Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material product), inject according to the technological requirement of vacuum-bag process, and then carry out forming and hardening by the technique that this resin specifies, finally obtain the laminated composite materials goods that surface paving covers grapheme foam thin slice.
Embodiment 5:
(5-1) be 0.008g/cm by density 3three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam cut into the thick thin slice of 4mm totally 5 for subsequent use;
(5-2) interlayer Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin slice obtained above being positioned over polyimide resin based carbon fiber prepreg carries out laying, carbon fiber prepreg laying has 24 layers, grapheme foam thin slice intercalation is in 5 carbon fiber laying interlayers of centre, carbon fiber T700,12K, polyimide resin based prepreg trade mark LP 15(Beijing Research Inst. of Aeronautic Material product), the structure precast body obtained after compression;
(5-3) utilize autoclave technique, the technique that said structure precast body specifies according to this prepreg carried out forming and hardening, obtain grapheme foam modification high temperature polyimide composite product.

Claims (3)

1. the laminated composite materials of a Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modification, it is characterized by, laminated composite materials is by carbon fiber laying, one deck or multilayer by the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer compressed, the matrix resin composition of impregnation laminate composites, the interlayer of laminated composite materials or paving is distributed on the surface of laminated composite materials with intercalated form by the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer that compresses, and flooded by matrix resin, the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thickness of thin layer of the interlayer of laminated composite materials is distributed at 5 ~ 60 μm with intercalated form, mass area ratio is at 5 ~ 70g/m 2between, do not comprise dipping matrix resin wherein, be distributed in the Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thickness of thin layer on laminated composite materials surface at 5 ~ 150 μm, mass area ratio is at 5 ~ 180g/m 2between, do not comprise dipping matrix resin wherein, its version is one of following:
(1), when comprising one deck, Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer is distributed in laminated composite materials outer surface or first interlayer between the ground floor carbon fiber laying that is distributed in from outer surface and second layer carbon fiber laying namely from outer surface;
(2) when comprising multilayer, has one deck Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer at least at laminated composite materials outer surface, remaining Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer is distributed in any one interlayer of laminated composite materials, i.e. the interlayer of any two adjacent carbon fiber layings;
(3) when comprising multilayer, laminated composite materials outer surface does not have Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer, and all Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layers are distributed in any one interlayer of laminated composite materials, i.e. the interlayer of any two adjacent carbon fiber layings.
2. the laminated composite materials of a kind of Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modification according to claim 1, is characterized by, and all interlayers of described laminated composite materials and outer surface all comprise one deck Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer.
3. the laminated composite materials of a kind of Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modification according to claim 1, is characterized by, and described Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam thin layer is distributed in an outer surface of laminated composite materials and the interlayer adjacent with this outer surface.
CN201310008295.2A 2013-01-10 2013-01-10 Three-dimensional skeleton graphene foam modified laminated composite and preparation method thereof Active CN103057221B (en)

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