CN111704502A - Special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111704502A CN111704502A CN202010643169.4A CN202010643169A CN111704502A CN 111704502 A CN111704502 A CN 111704502A CN 202010643169 A CN202010643169 A CN 202010643169A CN 111704502 A CN111704502 A CN 111704502A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer processing, in particular to a special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil and a preparation method thereof. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acid soil comprises a soil pH lifting substance A, a soil pH lifting substance B, a soil selenium passivation relieving substance, an inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance, an inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance, an organic selenium-containing substance, a plant growth promoting substance and a porous carrier filler substance. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for the acid soil provided by the invention has multiple outstanding advantages of reducing fixation of selenium by the soil, improving the effective selenium content of the soil, promoting selenium absorption of plants, improving the acid soil, promoting plant growth and the like. The invention provides a preparation method of a selenium fertilizer special for acid soil, which is simple and rapid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer processing, in particular to a special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Selenium in acid soil is poor in effectiveness, selenium applied to the soil is converted into iron-manganese oxide combined state, organic sulfide combined state and mineral state selenium which are difficult to absorb and utilize by plants, water-soluble state selenium with high effectiveness and exchange state selenium content are low, and the utilization rate of selenium fertilizer is low. The selenium fertilizer applied in production is mostly selenate or selenite, the components are single, the function is simple, foliage spraying is usually adopted for improving the utilization efficiency of the selenium fertilizer, but the limit of the selenium which is beneficial and harmful to plants is narrow, the spraying concentration is slightly excessive to generate toxic action, the selenium-rich effect is not good if the spraying concentration is slightly low, the proportion of inorganic selenium in the fertilizer converted into organic selenium by the plants is low and the safety is poor if the spraying period is not properly selected, and the crop selenium content is large in annual and annual variation and is difficult to realize standardized production. The dosage of selenium applied to soil can be well controlled, a selenium application scheme can be formulated according to the basic content level of soil, the conversion proportion of plant organic selenium is high, the selenium content is not easy to exceed the standard, standardized production is easy to realize, but the defects are that the selenium fixing capacity of acid soil is strong, and the selenium fertilizer utilization efficiency is low. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of the selenium fertilizer in the acid soil needs to be improved.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a selenium-rich fertilizer special for acid soil, which is used for relieving the technical problems of low utilization rate of selenium fertilizer in acid soil and toxic hazard to crops caused by excessive selenium fertilizer application.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the selenium fertilizer special for acid soil, which is simple and rapid.
In order to solve the technical problems, the following technical scheme is adopted:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acid soil, which comprises a soil pH lifting substance A, a soil pH lifting substance B, a soil selenium passivation relieving substance, an inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance, an inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance, an organic selenium-containing substance, a plant growth promoting substance and a porous carrier filler substance;
wherein, the mass ratio of the soil pH lifting substance A, the soil pH lifting substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance selenium content, the inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance selenium content, the organic selenium-containing substance selenium content, the plant growth promoting substance and the porous carrier filler substance is as follows: 1 (0.3-0.5), (0.1-0.2), (0.001-0.01), (0-0.005): (0 to 0.005): (0.02 to 0.05): 0.4 to 0.6).
As a further technical scheme, the mass ratio of the soil pH lifting substance A, the soil pH lifting substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance, the inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance, the organic selenium-containing substance, the plant growth promoting substance and the porous carrier filler substance is as follows: 1 (0.35-0.45), (0.12-0.18), (0.003-0.007), (0.001-0.004): (0.001-0.004), (0.03-0.04) and (0.45-0.55).
As a further technical scheme, the soil pH raising substance A comprises strong base;
preferably, the soil pH raising substance a includes at least one of soda lime, hydrated lime or quick lime.
As a further technical proposal, the soil pH raising substance B comprises carbonate;
preferably, the soil pH raising substance B includes at least one of lime carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, limestone, dolomite, or shell powder.
As a further technical solution, the soil selenium passivation alleviating substance comprises at least one of phosphate or silicate;
preferably, the soil selenium passivation mitigating substance comprises at least one of calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, calcium silicate or magnesium silicate.
As a further technical scheme, the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance comprises sodium selenite;
as a further technical scheme, the inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance comprises sodium selenate;
as a further technical proposal, the organic selenium-containing substance comprises at least one of selenium-containing plant tissues or selenium-containing fermentation products;
preferably, the organic selenium-containing substance comprises at least one of selenium yeast or seleno-amino acids.
As a further technical scheme, the growth promoting substance comprises at least one of chitin, amino acid, potassium humate and bathing agent.
As a further aspect, the porous carrier filler material comprises diatomaceous earth;
as a further technical proposal, the adhesive also comprises an adhesive substance;
preferably, the binding substance comprises starch or dextrin.
The invention provides a preparation method of a special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil, which comprises the following steps: dissolving the inorganic selenium-containing substance with the formula amount in water, mixing with the porous carrier filler substance with the formula amount, mixing with the soil pH raising substance A, the soil pH raising substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the organic selenium-containing substance and the plant growth promoting substance, and finally spraying the bonding substance aqueous solution in a granulator for granulation.
As a further technical scheme, the mass concentration of the bonding substance water solution is 2-10%;
preferably, the using amount of the bonding substance water solution is 0.5-1.0% of the total mass of the fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the selenium fertilizer special for acid soil and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a selenium fertilizer special for acid soil, which comprises a soil pH lifting substance A, a soil pH lifting substance B, a soil selenium passivation relieving substance, an inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance, an optional inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance, an optional organic selenium-containing substance, a plant growth promoting substance and a porous carrier filler substance. The soil pH lifting substance A has strong acid neutralizing capacity, the soil pH lifting substance B has slow acid neutralizing capacity but lasting effect, and the two substances complement each other, so that the requirement of ensuring the long term can be met, selenate or selenite ions can be released, and the effectiveness of selenium in soil is enhanced; the passivation mitigating substance can inhibit the fixation of iron, manganese or iron-aluminum oxide to selenium; when the selenium fertilizer contains the hexavalent selenium, the hexavalent selenium can be rapidly transported to the overground part in the plant body and then metabolized into organic selenium, the tetravalent selenium can be firstly converted into the organic selenium at the root and then transported to the overground part, and the combination of the tetravalent selenium and the hexavalent selenium not only can ensure that the plant can rapidly obtain sufficient selenium source, but also can ensure that organic selenium of organs occupies a higher proportion in the later period; when the organic selenium-containing substances are contained, the selenium in the organic selenium-containing substances can be released only through a mineralization process, so that the slow release effect of the selenium fertilizer is achieved, the selenium can be supplied for a relatively long time, the soil fixation is reduced, and the edible parts of crops can be guaranteed to have a higher proportion of organic selenium; the growth promoting substance can play a signal conduction function in a plant body, regulate the metabolism of plant hormones, have a better growth promoting function and promote the absorption of the plant to nutrients; the porous carrier filler substance has a porous structure, can be used as an excellent carrier of inorganic selenium, reduces the direct contact area of the selenium and soil after the selenium fertilizer is applied, and reduces the fixation effect of the soil on the selenium. The selenium fertilizer special for acid soil is designed from multiple aspects of soil fertilizer efficiency environment construction, selenium fertilizer passivation relieving, reasonable selenium source form matching, crop growth promotion and the like, and the components are matched under specific content, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the selenium fertilizer is comprehensively improved, the problem of low effectiveness of the selenium fertilizer in acid soil is solved, and the selenium fertilizer special for acid soil has a wide application prospect. The invention provides a preparation method of a special selenium fertilizer for acid soil, which is simple and rapid.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments and examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those who do not specify the conditions are performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The selenium fertilizer special for the acid soil is provided in view of the fact that the selenium in the acid soil is poor in effectiveness and the selenium fertilizer is toxic to crops due to excessive application amount, so that soil pollution is caused.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acid soil, which comprises a soil pH lifting substance A, a soil pH lifting substance B, a soil selenium passivation relieving substance, an inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance, an inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance, an organic selenium-containing substance, a plant growth promoting substance and a porous carrier filler substance;
wherein, the mass ratio of the soil pH lifting substance A, the soil pH lifting substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance selenium content, the inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance selenium content, the organic selenium-containing substance selenium content, the plant growth promoting substance and the porous carrier filler substance is as follows: 1 (0.3-0.5), (0.1-0.2), (0.001-0.01), (0-0.005): (0 to 0.005): (0.02 to 0.05): 0.4 to 0.6).
Selenate or selenite in the acid soil is easily fixed in an inner layer structure of a soil solid phase and is fixed by oxide minerals or is complexed by organic matters, so that the effectiveness is reduced, ions which generate competitive adsorption with the selenate or selenite are increased along with the increase of the pH value of the soil, the selenate or selenite ions are released, and the effectiveness of selenium in the soil is further enhanced. The soil pH raising substance A is a substance with strong acid neutralizing capacity; the soil pH raising substance B is a substance capable of slowly and durably neutralizing acid. The invention combines the two, which can not only meet the requirements but also guarantee the long term. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the soil pH raising substance a and the soil pH raising substance B is typically, but not limited to, 1:0.3, 1:0.35, 1:0.4, 1:0.45 or 1: 0.5.
Selenium in acid soil is poor in effectiveness, and selenium applied to soil is converted into iron-manganese oxide binding state which is difficult to absorb and utilize by plants. The soil selenium passivation alleviating substance can react with iron, manganese and aluminum in soil to generate precipitates, and the selenium adsorption of iron, manganese or iron-aluminum oxide is inhibited. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the soil pH raising substance a and the soil selenium passivation alleviating substance is typically, but not limited to, 1:0.1, 1:0.11, 1:0.12, 1:0.13, 1:0.14, 1:0.15, 1:0.16, 1:0.17, 1:0.18, 1:0.19 or 1: 0.2.
The multi-class selenium-containing substance in the invention has multiple effects. Hexavalent selenium can be rapidly transported to the overground part in the plant body and then metabolized into organic selenium, but sufficient metabolic time is needed; the tetravalent selenium can be firstly converted into organic selenium at the root and then transported to the overground part, but the transport efficiency is low; the combination of tetravalent selenium and hexavalent selenium not only can ensure that plants can quickly obtain sufficient selenium source, but also can ensure that organic selenium of edible organs occupies a higher proportion in the later period; the selenium loaded by the organic selenium-containing substance can be released only by the mineralization process, so that the slow release effect of the selenium fertilizer can be achieved, the selenium supply can be ensured in a relatively long period, the soil fixation is reduced, and the higher proportion of the organic selenium at the edible parts of the crops can be ensured.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the soil pH-elevating substance A to the selenium content of the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance is typically, but not limited to, 1:0.001, 1:0.002, 1:0.003, 1:0.004, 1:0.005, 1:0.006, 1:0.007, 1:0.008, 1:0.009, 1: 0.01. The mass ratio of the soil pH raising substance A to the selenium content of the inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance is typically, but not limited to, 1:0.001, 1:0.002, 1:0.003, 1:0.004 or 1: 0.005. The mass ratio of the selenium content of the soil pH raising substance A to the selenium content of the organic selenium-containing substance is typically but not limited to 1:0.001, 1:0.002, 1:0.003, 1:0.004 or 1: 0.005.
The plant growth promoting substances are oligosaccharides and amino acids, and the substances are low in demand, can play a signal transduction function in plants, regulate the metabolism of plant hormones, have a good growth promoting function, and can also promote the absorption of nutrients by the plants. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the soil pH-elevating substance A and the plant growth promoting substance is typically, but not limited to, 1:0.02, 1:0.03, 1:0.04, or 1: 0.05.
The porous carrier filler is used as a good carrier of selenium, can reduce the fixation effect of soil minerals on the selenium, and is beneficial to the absorption of plants on the selenium. In the present invention, the mass ratio of the soil pH raising substance a and the porous carrier filler is typically, but not limited to, 1:0.4, 1:0.45, 1:0.5, 1:0.55 or 1: 0.6.
The combination of the soil pH value elevating substance A and the soil pH value elevating substance B in the product can ensure that the pH value of the soil can be elevated in a short period after the product is applied, but the negative effect can not be generated due to over violent phenomenon, and the soil buffering performance can be enhanced, so that the pH value of the soil can be kept in a relatively high range in a long period, and the effectiveness of selenium in the soil can be maintained; the iron-manganese-aluminum oxide in the soil has strong adsorption and fixation capacity on selenium, and soil selenium passivation release substances such as the phosphate and the silicate can reduce the adsorption and fixation of the iron-manganese oxide and the iron-aluminum oxide on the selenium and improve the effectiveness of the selenium fertilizer; the selenium with different valence states is matched and used in the product, the proportion of organic selenium can be improved to the greatest extent on the basis of improving the total absorption amount of plants to the selenium, and the organic material selenium can also keep the lasting supply capacity of a selenium source; the plant growth promoting substance in the product has a remarkable growth promoting function, is beneficial to root growth and development, and can promote the absorption and utilization of various soil nutrients including selenium by plants. Therefore, the technology designs the selenium fertilizer from a plurality of aspects of soil dominant fertilizer efficiency environment construction, selenium fertilizer passivation relieving, reasonable selenium source form matching, crop growth promotion and the like, and the fertilizer efficiency of the selenium fertilizer is comprehensively improved.
In some preferred embodiments, the soil pH raising substance a, the soil pH raising substance B, the soil selenium passivation mitigating substance, the inorganic tetravalent selenium containing substance selenium content, the inorganic hexavalent selenium containing substance selenium content, the organic selenium containing substance selenium content, the plant growth promoting substance and the porous carrier filler substance are in a mass ratio of: 1 (0.35-0.45), (0.12-0.18), (0.003-0.007), (0.001-0.004): (0.001-0.004), (0.03-0.04) and (0.45-0.55).
In the invention, the selenium fertilizer special for the acid soil has better performance and better fertilizer efficiency by further optimizing and adjusting the content of each component in the selenium fertilizer special for the acid soil.
In some preferred embodiments, the soil pH raising substance a comprises a strong base. In the present invention, the soil pH raising substance a is a substance having a strong ability to neutralize acid, including but not limited to strong alkali, or other substances known to those skilled in the art that can be used to rapidly neutralize hydrogen ions in soil solution.
Preferably, the soil pH raising substance a includes at least one of soda lime, hydrated lime or quick lime.
More preferably, when a plurality of kinds are used in combination, the ratio of the soda lime to the hydrated lime is (0.2-0.5): 1 in combination.
In the invention, the pH of the soil can be better adjusted under the condition of not damaging the soil by further optimizing and selecting the soil pH lifting substance A.
In some preferred embodiments, the soil pH raising substance B comprises carbonate, and the soil pH raising substance B is a substance capable of slowly neutralizing acid but having a strong persistence, including but not limited to carbonate, or at least one of other substances known to those skilled in the art that can be used to permanently neutralize hydrogen ions in soil solution.
Preferably, the soil pH raising substance B includes at least one of lime carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, limestone, dolomite, or shell powder.
More preferably, when a plurality of calcium carbonate and dolomite are used in combination, the calcium carbonate and the dolomite are combined in the proportion of 1 (0.3-0.6); calcium carbonate and shell powder are mixed by 1 (0.2-0.5); limestone and dolomite are used in combination in a ratio of 1: 1.
In the invention, the pH of the soil can be better adjusted and the acid environment of the soil can be improved by further optimizing and selecting the soil pH increasing substance B.
In the soil pH value elevating substances, the preferable case has the advantages of convenient acquisition and purchase of raw materials, low cost and good effect, and the more preferable case can enhance the elevating effect of the product on various soil pH values.
In some preferred embodiments, the soil selenium inactivation mitigation substance comprises at least one of a phosphate or a silicate. The phosphate reacts with iron and aluminum in the soil to generate iron phosphate and aluminum phosphate precipitates, so that the adsorption of iron-aluminum oxide to selenium is reduced; the silicate can be coprecipitated with iron and manganese, and the adsorption of iron-manganese oxide to selenium is reduced. In the present invention, the soil selenium inactivation alleviating substance includes, but is not limited to, phosphate, silicate, or at least one of other substances known to those skilled in the art that can be used to reduce selenium fixation by oxides such as iron manganese, iron aluminum, etc. in soil.
Preferably, the soil selenium passivation mitigating substance comprises at least one of calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, calcium silicate or magnesium silicate.
More preferably, when a plurality of calcium silicates and magnesium silicates are used in combination, the ratio of (0.5-1.0) to 1 is used; the calcium phosphate and the magnesium silicate are used in a ratio of (0.2-0.5) to 1; the magnesium phosphate and the calcium silicate are used in combination in a ratio of (0.2-0.5) to 1.
Among the selenium passivation alleviating substances, substances which are widely recognized to generate coprecipitation with iron, manganese and iron-aluminum oxides in soil are preferred, and substances which have the functions are combined for use in consideration of trace element nutrition in plants and in consideration of competition and synergistic effects among elements, so that the comprehensive performance of the product is enhanced.
In the invention, the selenium absorption effect of iron manganese or iron aluminum oxide in the soil can be better inhibited and the absorption of selenium element of plants is improved by further optimizing and selecting the soil selenium passivation alleviating substance.
Preferably, the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance includes, but is not limited to, sodium selenite; the inorganic hexavalent selenium containing material includes, but is not limited to, sodium selenate.
More preferably, when used in combination, the ratio of the selenium content in the form of sodium selenite to the selenium content in the form of sodium selenate is 1 (0.1-0.5).
Among inorganic selenium-containing substances, preferred examples are common in use, convenient to purchase, low in price and good in absorption effect, and more preferred examples are considered from the aspects of differences of absorption efficiency of plants to selenium with different valence states, different soil pH environments, different oxidation-reduction potentials on selenium forms and the like.
In the present invention, the organic selenium-containing material includes, but is not limited to, selenium-containing plant tissue or selenium-containing fermentation product, or at least one of other materials known to those skilled in the art that can provide organic selenium.
Preferably, the organic selenium-containing substance includes, but is not limited to, at least one of yeast selenium or seleno-amino acids.
More preferably, when the selenium-containing plant tissue and the selenium yeast are used in combination, the selenium-containing plant tissue and the selenium yeast are used in a ratio of 1 (0.05-0.2).
In the organic selenium-containing substances, the preferred case is the material which is simple to prepare and common in the market, and the more preferred case is the multiple advantages of low price, long-lasting fertilizer effect, contribution to the accumulation of high-proportion organic selenium of crops and the like.
In the invention, the concentration of selenium in soil is better maintained and selenium is timely and durably provided for plants by further optimizing and selecting the inorganic substance containing tetravalent selenium, the inorganic substance containing hexavalent selenium and the organic substance containing selenium.
Preferably, the growth promoting substance includes, but is not limited to, at least one of chitin, amino acids, potassium humate, bathing agent, or other substances known to those skilled in the art to have a plant growth promoting effect.
More preferably, when a plurality of kinds of the compositions are used in combination, the algin and the chitin are used in combination according to the proportion of 1 (0.5-0.8); the algin and the potassium humate are used in a combination way according to the proportion of 1 (0.5-1); chitin and amino acid are used in combination in a ratio of 1: 1.
In the plant growth promoting substance, the preferable scheme is that the raw material substances with the plant growth promoting function are tested in practice, and the more preferable scheme is that the synergistic effect is achieved by considering the aspects of regulation and control of the growth and development of the plant signal conduction process in which the biological stimulin substances participate, nutrition supplement of the amino acid organic nitrogen source to the plant growth and the like.
In the invention, the further optimization and selection of the growth promoting substances can better promote the absorption of the plants to nutrients.
In some preferred embodiments, the porous carrier filler material comprises diatomaceous earth. The diatomite has the characteristic of porous structure, can be used as a good carrier of selenium in the fertilizer, the neutral pH value is beneficial to the effective exertion of the selenium, the adsorption characteristic can reduce the fixation effect of soil minerals on the selenium, but the selenium adsorbed by the diatomite can still be absorbed and utilized by plants. In the present invention, the filler includes, but is not limited to, diatomaceous earth, or other fillers known to those skilled in the art to function similarly to diatomaceous earth or the like.
In some preferred embodiments, a bonding substance is also included.
Preferably, the binding substance comprises starch or dextrin.
In the present invention, the binder can bind and granulate the respective raw materials of the fertilizer. Binding substances include, but are not limited to, starch or dextrin, or other substances known to those skilled in the art that are capable of binding fertilizer granules.
The invention provides a preparation method of a special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil, which comprises the following steps: dissolving the inorganic selenium-containing substance with the formula amount in water, mixing with the porous carrier filler substance with the formula amount, mixing with the soil pH raising substance A, the soil pH raising substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the organic selenium-containing substance and the plant growth promoting substance, and finally spraying the bonding substance aqueous solution in a granulator for granulation.
In the present invention, the formula amount of inorganic selenium is dissolved in water, preferably to saturation, and the solution is then completely adsorbed using the formula amount of carrier filler material.
And mixing the obtained product with the soil pH lifting substance A, pH lifting substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the organic selenium-containing substance and the plant growth promoting substance according to a preset proportion, and spraying a bonding substance in a granulator for granulation, wherein the whole granule is the special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for the acid soil.
The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for the acid soil prepared by the method can integrate the pH value improving substance, the selenium passivation relieving substance, the selenium-containing substance and the growth promoting substance of the soil into fertilizer particles, improve the utilization rate and the forming rate of raw materials and enable the product to exert the optimal application effect integrally.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass concentration of the aqueous solution of the binding substance is 2 to 10%. The mass concentration of the aqueous solution of the binding substance in the present invention is typically, but not limited to, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10%.
Preferably, the using amount of the bonding substance water solution is 0.5-1.0% of the total mass of the fertilizer. In the present invention, typically, but not limitatively, the aqueous solution of the binding substance is used in an amount of 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1.0% of the total mass of the fertilizer.
In the invention, the concentration and the dosage of the bonding substance aqueous solution are further optimized and adjusted, so that the bonding effect of the bonding substance is better.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
The selenium-rich fertilizer specially for acid soil consists of hydrated lime 50 kg, calcium carbonate 20 kg, magnesium silicate 8 kg, sodium selenite 1 kg, algin 1 kg and diatomite 20 kg.
Example 2
The selenium-rich fertilizer specially for acid soil consists of soda lime 50 kg, shell powder 20 kg, calcium silicate 8 kg, sodium selenite 1 kg, chitin 1.2 kg and diatomite 20 kg.
Example 3
The selenium-rich fertilizer specially for acid soil consists of slaked lime 50 kg, magnesium carbonate 15 kg, calcium phosphate 10 kg, sodium selenite 0.8 kg, sodium selenate 0.5 kg, selenium-rich straw powder containing selenium 0.5% in 20 kg, humic acid 1 kg and diatomite 30 kg.
Example 4
The selenium-rich fertilizer specially for acid soil consists of hydrated lime 30 kg, soda lime 20 kg, calcium carbonate 10 kg, magnesium carbonate 5 kg, phosphatase 3 kg, calcium silicate 5 kg, sodium selenite 0.7 kg, sodium selenate 0.3 kg, potassium humate 0.5 kg, algin 0.5 kg and diatomite 20 kg.
Example 5
Dissolving sodium selenite 1 kg in water, spraying the solution on diatomite 20 kg to adsorb completely, and mixing slaked lime 50 kg, calcium carbonate 20 kg, magnesium silicate 8 kg and algin 1 kg. All the materials are put into a granulator and sprayed with 0.5 kg of starch solution with the concentration of 10 percent for granulation, and the selenium-rich fertilizer special for the acid soil with the selenium content of 0.45 percent is obtained.
Example 6
1 kg of sodium selenite is taken and added with water for dissolving, the water consumption is proper to completely dissolve the substances, the solution is evenly sprayed on 20 kg of diatomite and is enabled to be completely absorbed into the diatomite, and 50 kg of soda lime, 20 kg of shell powder, 8 kg of calcium silicate and 1.2 kg of chitin are taken and evenly mixed. All the materials are put into a granulator and sprayed with 0.5 kg of starch solution with the concentration of 10 percent for granulation, and the selenium-rich fertilizer special for the acid soil with the selenium content of 0.45 percent is obtained.
Example 7
Dissolving 0.8 kg of sodium selenite and 0.5 kg of sodium selenate in water, wherein the water consumption is proper for completely dissolving the substances, uniformly spraying the solution on 30 kg of diatomite and enabling the solution to be completely absorbed into the diatomite, and uniformly mixing 50 kg of slaked lime, 15 kg of magnesium carbonate, 10 kg of calcium phosphate, 20 kg of selenium-rich straw powder containing about 0.5% of selenium and 1 kg of potassium humate. All the materials are put into a granulator and sprayed with 0.6 kg of starch solution with the concentration of 10 percent for granulation, and the selenium-rich fertilizer special for the acid soil with the selenium content of 0.45 percent is obtained.
Example 8
Dissolving 0.7 kg of sodium selenite and 0.3 kg of sodium selenate in water, wherein the water consumption is proper for completely dissolving the substances, uniformly spraying the solution on 20 kg of diatomite and enabling the solution to be completely absorbed into the diatomite, and uniformly mixing 30 kg of hydrated lime, 20 kg of soda lime, 10 kg of calcium carbonate, 5 kg of magnesium carbonate, 3 kg of magnesium phosphate, 5 kg of calcium silicate, 0.5 kg of potassium humate and 0.5 kg of algin. All the materials are put into a granulator and sprayed with 0.5 kg of starch solution with the concentration of 10 percent for granulation, and the selenium-rich fertilizer special for the acid soil with the selenium content of 0.45 percent is obtained.
Comparative example 1
A selenium fertilizer comprises sodium selenite with selenium content of 0.45%.
Comparative example 2
A selenium fertilizer comprises sodium selenite and algin, wherein the selenium content is 0.45%.
Comparative example 3
A selenium fertilizer comprises sodium selenite and lime, wherein the selenium content is 0.45%.
Comparative example 4
A selenium fertilizer comprises sodium selenite, seaweed soil, lime and magnesium silicate, wherein the proportion of each substance is 1.0%, 1.7%, 13.3%, 84.0% in sequence, and the selenium content is 0.45%.
Test example 1
A field test is carried out on the fertilizers of the embodiment 1 and the comparative examples 1-4, and in order to fully exert the technical effect of the fertilizer, a fruit tree which is difficult to enrich selenium is specially selected for carrying out the test. The experiment was conducted on 4-year-old citrus young trees. Carrying out the test in the whole year, taking no selenium fertilizer as a control, collecting the citrus fruits in the harvest period for selenium content analysis, and obtaining the following test results:
table 1 selenium content of citrus fruit treated with fertilizers of example 1 and comparative examples 1-4
Note: the letters differ indicating a difference significance P < 0.05.
As can be seen from table 1, the treatment of example 1 and comparative examples 1-4 both significantly increased the citrus selenium content compared to the control without selenium fertilizer, with the treatment of comparative example 1 increased 61.3%, the treatment of comparative example 2 increased 61.3%, the treatment of comparative example 3 increased 74.2%, the treatment of comparative example 4 increased 103.2%, and the treatment of example 1 increased 125.8%. The result shows that the technical product has better application effect compared with the common selenium fertilizer.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for the acid soil is characterized by comprising a soil pH lifting substance A, a soil pH lifting substance B, a soil selenium passivation relieving substance, an inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance, an inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance, an organic selenium-containing substance, a plant growth promoting substance and a porous carrier filler substance;
wherein, the mass ratio of the soil pH lifting substance A, the soil pH lifting substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance selenium content, the inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance selenium content, the organic selenium-containing substance selenium content, the plant growth promoting substance and the porous carrier filler substance is as follows: 1 (0.3-0.5), (0.1-0.2), (0.001-0.01), (0-0.005): (0 to 0.005): (0.02 to 0.05): 0.4 to 0.6).
2. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acid soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the soil pH raising substance A, the soil pH raising substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the selenium content of the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance, the selenium content of the inorganic hexavalent selenium-containing substance, the selenium content of the organic selenium-containing substance, the plant growth promoting substance and the porous carrier filler substance is as follows: 1 (0.35-0.45), (0.12-0.18), (0.003-0.007), (0.001-0.004): (0.001-0.004), (0.03-0.04) and (0.45-0.55).
3. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acidic soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein said soil pH raising substance A comprises strong base;
preferably, the soil pH raising substance a includes at least one of soda lime, hydrated lime or quick lime.
4. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acid soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil pH raising substance B comprises carbonate;
preferably, the soil pH raising substance B includes at least one of lime carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, limestone, dolomite, or shell powder.
5. The acid soil dedicated synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil selenium passivation alleviating substance comprises at least one of phosphate or silicate;
preferably, the soil selenium passivation mitigating substance comprises at least one of calcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, magnesium phosphate, calcium silicate or magnesium silicate.
6. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acid soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic tetravalent selenium-containing substance comprises sodium selenite;
and/or, the inorganic hexavalent selenium containing material comprises sodium selenate;
and/or the organic selenium-containing substance comprises at least one of selenium-containing plant tissue or selenium-containing fermentation product;
preferably, the organic selenium-containing substance comprises at least one of selenium yeast or seleno-amino acids.
7. The synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer special for acidic soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein said growth promoting substance comprises at least one of chitin, amino acid, potassium humate, and bathymenin.
8. The synergistic selenium-enriched fertilizer special for acidic soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the porous carrier filler material comprises diatomite;
and/or, further comprising a bonding substance;
preferably, the binding substance comprises starch or dextrin.
9. The preparation method of the special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the following steps: dissolving the inorganic selenium-containing substance with the formula amount in water, mixing with the porous carrier filler substance with the formula amount, mixing with the soil pH raising substance A, the soil pH raising substance B, the soil selenium passivation relieving substance, the organic selenium-containing substance and the plant growth promoting substance, and finally spraying the bonding substance aqueous solution in a granulator for granulation.
10. The method for preparing the special synergistic selenium-rich fertilizer for acid soil according to claim 9, wherein the mass concentration of the binding substance aqueous solution is 2-10%;
preferably, the using amount of the bonding substance water solution is 0.5-1.0% of the total mass of the fertilizer.
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