CN111701602B - Composite catalyst, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Composite catalyst, preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN111701602B
CN111701602B CN202010515643.5A CN202010515643A CN111701602B CN 111701602 B CN111701602 B CN 111701602B CN 202010515643 A CN202010515643 A CN 202010515643A CN 111701602 B CN111701602 B CN 111701602B
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宋也男
吴文杰
孙卓
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East China Normal University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/06Halogens; Compounds thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/32Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by electrical effects other than those provided for in group B01D61/00
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/8678Removing components of undefined structure
    • B01D53/8687Organic components
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/86Catalytic processes
    • B01D53/88Handling or mounting catalysts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/08Heat treatment
    • B01J37/10Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2255/00Catalysts
    • B01D2255/80Type of catalytic reaction
    • B01D2255/802Photocatalytic
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/80Employing electric, magnetic, electromagnetic or wave energy, or particle radiation
    • B01D2259/818Employing electrical discharges or the generation of a plasma
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the composite catalyst is formed by hybridizing Graphene Oxide (GO) and bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly dispersing graphene oxide into an ethanol solution; dissolving polyvinylpyrrolidone in the mixed solution, centrifuging to remove supernatant, and dispersing into ethanol solution again; adding Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 Dissolving O in mannitol solution, mixing, adding saturated sodium chloride solution, transferring to a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate reaction kettle, and heating by hydrothermal method. The catalyst is prepared after centrifugation, washing and drying, and is named as GO-BiOCl (001). Under the condition of low-temperature plasma, the GO-BiOCl (001) catalyst generates active species with extremely high oxidability under the collision excitation of high-energy electrons, and the high-efficiency purification of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) polluted gas is realized.

Description

Composite catalyst, preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of air treatment and purification, and particularly relates to a design synthesis of a GO-BiOCl (001) composite photocatalyst with a dominant contact interface, in particular to a synthesis preparation method of the composite photocatalyst and application of the composite photocatalyst in VOCs degradation under the drive of low-temperature plasma.
Background
In the past two decades, low temperature plasma (NTP) technology has been applied as an advanced oxidation technology to degrade VOCs. Compared with the traditional heat removal method, almost all the energy input in the NTP technology is used for accelerating electrons without heating the whole gas, and the gas can be kept at room temperature, so that the NTP technology has higher energy utilization rate and is very important for treating the low-concentration VOCs gasThe application prospect is promising. NTP technology mainly uses high-energy electrons (1-10 eV) generated to decompose VOCs molecules by direct or indirect action. There are mainly the following two modes of interaction: (1) High-energy electrons directly attack chemical bonds of VOCs molecules, destroy the molecular structure of the VOCs, and degrade VOCs pollutants. Indirect mode of action: (2) A large amount of high-energy electrons in the NTP reactor generate inelastic collision with background gas molecules, partial internal energy of the high-energy electrons is transferred to the background gas molecules, some active species (free radicals, excited atoms, ions and molecules) with extremely high chemical reactivity are generated, VOCs molecules are indirectly degraded and converted through oxidation-reduction reaction, and CO is formed 2 、H 2 O and other gaseous products. However, NTP is often incompletely oxidized, has low removal efficiency, and easily produces by-products in practical application processes.
The combination of NTP technology and photocatalytic composite material can solve the above problems effectively. The technology perfectly integrates the high reactivity of plasma and the high selectivity of photocatalyst. The catalyst is activated by the excitation of the plasma at room temperature, so that the removal efficiency of VOCs can be effectively improved, and the production of byproducts is inhibited. When a photocatalyst is placed in an NTP reactor, the catalyst can have an effect on the discharge behavior of the plasma. Related studies have demonstrated that when a catalyst is placed in a plasma chamber, the discharge mode of the plasma changes from a pure spatial filament discharge to a combination of surface discharge and spatial discharge, and thus the average electron energy density inside the plasma increases. In addition, the electron energy with proper energy in the NTP cavity induces the catalyst to generate an electron-hole pair through a 'pseudo-photocatalysis' process, and the electron and the hole which are effectively separated can generate active species (e.g. O) with extremely high oxidizability with background gas molecules 2 - OH) which can be involved as a good complement in the degradation of the molecules of the VOCs. From the photocatalytic point of view, the catalytic activity of a photocatalyst is mainly determined by its ability to generate, separate, transfer electron-hole pairs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design and synthesize a GO-BiOCl composite catalyst capable of being driven under a plasma system aiming at the defects of the prior art, regulate and control a two-phase contact interface, synthesize the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst contacted with a 001 surface, obtain higher electron and hole separation and transfer efficiency, and show excellent catalytic performance in VOCs degradation under the driving of plasma.
The specific technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:
a preparation method of a GO-BiOCl composite catalyst comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: adding graphene oxide into absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixed solution, slowly adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring and uniformly dispersing, centrifuging to remove supernate, and re-dispersing into the absolute ethyl alcohol solution with the same volume; wherein the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1-20;
step 2: dissolving Bi (NO 3) 3.5H 2O into a mannitol solution, and magnetically stirring and uniformly dispersing to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate to mannitol is 1-4;
and step 3: uniformly mixing the two solutions obtained in the step 1 and the step 2, slowly adding a saturated sodium chloride solution, wherein the mass ratio of mannitol to sodium chloride is 1-3, and stirring for 20-40min at room temperature;
and 4, step 4: and transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 120-180 ℃ for 2-4 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation at 6000-8000r/min when the temperature is recovered to room temperature, washing with ethanol and deionized water for 2-4 times, and drying in an air-blast drying oven at 40-80 ℃ to obtain the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst, namely the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst in surface contact with (001).
A GO-BiOCl composite catalyst prepared by the method and in contact with a (001) surface.
In the composite catalyst, the bismuth oxychloride nanosheet is in contact with graphene oxide in a (001) plane.
The application of the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst in (001) surface contact in removing VOCs by oxidation under the drive of low-temperature plasma.
The GO-BiOCl catalyst in (001) surface contact can oxidize and degrade toluene polluted gas molecules under the action of low-temperature plasma, and the toluene removal efficiency reaches 60.08 percent
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The catalyst is combined with the low-temperature plasma technology, so that the concentration of active species in the reaction cavity is effectively increased, and the oxidation treatment efficiency of the VOCs gas is improved;
(2) The GO-BiOCl (001) composite catalyst has the advantages of simple and easily obtained preparation raw materials, short preparation period, mild conditions and low preparation cost;
(3) BiOCl is selected as a catalyst, and contains atomic Bi with higher atomic number, so that the BiOCl has higher mass absorption coefficient and is compared with common TiO under the action of low-temperature plasma 2 And ZnO and other catalysts have higher absorption efficiency to high-energy electrons;
(4) A GO is used for constructing a rapid channel for charge transmission, so that the recombination efficiency of electrons and holes in BiOCl crystal lattices is effectively reduced, and the catalytic activity is improved;
(5) The two-phase contact surface of the GO and BiOCl nanosheets is regulated and controlled by polyvinylpyrrolidone, so that the GO and BiOCl nanosheets are contacted with an advantageous interface, and the charge transfer kinetics are faster.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image of GO-BiOCl (001) and GO-BiOCl (110) samples of synthetic samples;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of an experimental apparatus for degrading VOCs using NTP-catalyst;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the tendency and degradation rate statistics of different catalysts to degrade toluene under plasma driving.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1: preparation of GO-BiOCl (001) composite catalyst
1) And dispersing 4mg of Graphene Oxide (GO) into 10mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, adding 40mg of polyvinylpyrrolidone into the solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion for 10min. Then removing the supernatant under the rotating speed condition of 7000r/min, and redispersing the sediment into 10ml of absolute ethyl alcohol;
2) 93mg of Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 Dissolving O in a mannitol solution (1 mol/L), and uniformly stirring and dispersing by magnetic force to obtain a 10mL mixed solution;
3) Uniformly mixing the two solutions obtained in the steps 1) and 2), slowly adding 5mL of saturated sodium chloride solution, and stirring at room temperature for 20min;
4) Transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 160 ℃ for 3h, carrying out centrifugal separation at 7000r/min after the temperature is restored to the room temperature, washing with ethanol and deionized water for 4 times, and then placing in a forced air drying oven for drying at 60 ℃. And preparing a GO-BiOCl (001) composite catalyst sample.
Comparative example 1: preparation of GO-BiOCl (110) composite catalyst
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the graphene oxide is not pretreated by polyvinylpyrrolidone in the synthesis process of the composite catalyst sample, the other synthesis methods are the same as those in the example 1, and the sample is named as GO-BiOCl (110).
Comparative example 2: preparation of pure BiOCl nanosheets
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that graphene oxide is not added in the sample synthesis process, the step 1 is omitted, the rest of the synthesis method is the same as that in the example 1, and the sample is a pure BiOCl nanosheet.
Referring to FIG. 1, FIG. (a) is an SEM photograph of GO-BiOCl (001); FIG. (b) is an SEM photograph of GO-BiOCl (110).
SEM representation is carried out on the morphology and the surface structure of a synthesized GO-BiOCl (001) sample, and it can be obviously seen that BiOCl nano sheets are uniformly loaded on the surface of GO after one-step solvothermal treatment. The BiOCl nano-sheet has the size range of 50-100nm and the thickness of 20-40nm, and presents a two-dimensional layered structure. The layered structure is formed by combining-Cl-Bi-O-Bi-Cl-repeating units through smaller non-bonds (Van der Waals bonds) among Cl atomic layers and simultaneously stacking and arranging the repeating units alternately along the C axis. Under the solvothermal condition, the existence of GO has no influence on the synthesized BiOCl nanosheet. When GO does not undergo pretreatment by polyvinylpyrrolidone, biOCl nanosheets grow randomly on the surface of GO, and statistics show that the proportion of the BiOCl nanosheets standing in the graph 1 (b) to the proportion of the BiOCl nanosheets lying down are basically similar and are all kept at about 50%. After the graphene oxide is pretreated by PVP, in fig. 1 (a), almost all the BiOCl nanosheets loaded on the surface of GO lie, and the proportion can reach 98%. It is fully demonstrated that PVP plays a very important role in the interfacial regulation of two phases.
Example 2: under the action of low-temperature plasma, the synthesized composite catalyst is applied to the oxidation of VOCs:
toluene is selected as an experimental model, and a low temperature plasma technology (NTP) composite catalyst is adopted to carry out an experiment for degrading VOCs. The coiled stainless steel mesh of the NTP reactor is respectively arranged on the inner side and the outer side of a quartz tube by adopting the working principle of dielectric barrier discharge, and a high-voltage alternating current power supply (Y16J 12516) connected with the outside is used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode for discharge. Dispersing 2-10mg of the synthesized composite photocatalyst into 5-20 mu L of ethanol solution, then adding 5-20 mu L of naphthol, uniformly dispersing, coating on ITO conductive glass with the thickness of 1cm multiplied by 4cm, and drying at 40-80 ℃ for later use. According to this method, the catalyst is fixed on the ITO conductive glass and alternately fixed inside the reaction cavity of NTP as shown in figure 2. Toluene was selected as the test gas. The gas flow meter is used for controlling the speed of the gas inlet to be 1.5L/min, the power input power is controlled to be 10w, the VOCs detector (PGM-7320, wash-Honeywell Co) is used for detecting the change situation of the VOCs gas concentration before and after the reaction, and the degradation rate of the VOCs is calculated by the following formula:
Figure BDA0002529980000000041
1) Dispersing the GO-BiOCl (001) catalyst prepared in the embodiment 1 into 10 mu L of absolute ethyl alcohol solution, then adding 10 mu L of naphthol, uniformly dispersing, then coating on ITO conductive glass of 1cm multiplied by 4cm, and drying at 60 ℃ for later use;
2) As shown in FIG. 2, the catalyst comprises a gas inlet 1, a stainless steel outer electrode 2, a quartz tube 3, a stainless steel inner electrode 4, a synthesized composite catalyst 5, ITO glass 6, a gas outlet 7 and a polytetrafluoroethylene plug 8.
The ITO glass 6 is fixed inside the NTP reaction cavity alternately. Toluene was selected as the test gas. The speed of an air inlet is controlled to be 1.5L/min through the control of a gas flowmeter, the input power of an alternating current power supply is controlled to be 10w, and the change condition of the concentration of VOCs gas before and after reaction is detected through a VOCs detector (PGM-7320, huarui-Honeyville).
Comparison of degradation rates
Comparative example 1: this comparative example differs from example 2 in that no catalyst is added and the low temperature plasma alone is used to degrade VOCs.
Comparative example 2: this comparative example differs from example 2 in that the VOCs were degraded by the composite low temperature plasma using pure BiOCl as the catalyst.
Comparative example 3: this comparative example differs from example 2 in that VOCs are degraded by the composite low temperature plasma using GO-BiOCl (110) as the catalyst.
As shown in fig. 3, the trend of different catalysts under plasma driving is shown in (a) for toluene degradation; FIG. (b) is a statistical graph of degradation rates.
The BiOCl is placed in the plasma, so that the working efficiency can be effectively improved. BiOCl can be used as a good supplement of plasma, and when impacted by high-energy electrons, a reaction similar to photocatalysis occurs to generate carriers to participate in the oxidative degradation reaction of toluene. Through the path, a large amount of high-energy electrons in the plasma cavity can be utilized to the maximum extent, so that the removal efficiency is obviously improved. And the GO-BiOCl sample after graphene oxide compounding has more excellent electron transfer dynamics due to the existence of the electron rapid transmission channel constructed by the graphene oxide, and the possibility of carrier compounding is greatly reduced. Thus showing better catalytic activity. After the contact interface is regulated, the best toluene removal efficiency of 60.08% is obtained under the power condition. This is mainly due to faster electron transfer efficiency and shorter electron transfer path between the two phases. The unique layered structure of BiOCl has a larger space to polarize corresponding atoms and atom orbitals, so that an internal electric field can be induced to be generated in the (001) direction, and the photogenerated carriers can be effectively separated and transferred along the (001) direction under the action of the internal electric field. Secondly, when the contact interface of BiOCl and graphene oxide is 001 plane, more active sites on the surface are provided for toluene molecules to carry out oxidative degradation.

Claims (3)

1. The application of the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst in removing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) through oxidation under the drive of low-temperature plasma is characterized in that in the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst, a bismuth oxychloride nanosheet is in contact with graphene oxide through a (001) plane.
2. The application of claim 1, wherein the GO-BiOCl catalyst can oxidize and degrade toluene pollution gas molecules under the action of low-temperature plasma, and the toluene removal efficiency of the GO-BiOCl catalyst is up to 60.08%.
3. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation of said GO-BiOCl catalyst comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: adding graphene oxide into absolute ethyl alcohol, uniformly performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a mixed solution, slowly adding polyvinylpyrrolidone, stirring and uniformly dispersing, centrifuging to remove supernate, and re-dispersing into the absolute ethyl alcohol solution with the same volume; wherein the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1;
step 2: adding Bi (NO) 3 ) 3 ·5H 2 Dissolving O in a mannitol solution, and magnetically stirring and uniformly dispersing to obtain a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of mannitol to bismuth nitrate pentahydrate is 1-4;
and step 3: uniformly mixing the two solutions obtained in the step 1 and the step 2, slowly adding a saturated sodium chloride solution, and stirring for 20-40min at room temperature; wherein the mass ratio of mannitol to sodium chloride is 1-3;
and 4, step 4: and transferring the mixed solution into a hydrothermal kettle, carrying out hydrothermal treatment at 120-180 ℃ for 2-4 hours, carrying out centrifugal separation at 6000-8000r/min when the temperature is recovered to room temperature, washing with ethanol and deionized water for 2-4 times, and drying in an air-blast drying oven at 40-80 ℃ to obtain the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst, namely the GO-BiOCl composite catalyst in surface contact with (001).
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