CN111700010A - Technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow generation and ozone - Google Patents
Technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow generation and ozone Download PDFInfo
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- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 244000241235 Citrullus lanatus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960000355 copper sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000518 lethal Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M malachite green Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C1 FDZZZRQASAIRJF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940107698 malachite green Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DRXYRSRECMWYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury(I) nitrate Inorganic materials [Hg+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O DRXYRSRECMWYAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of disease control in aquaculture, in particular to a technical method for controlling ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow and ozone, by constructing a relatively closed circulating water culture system, the system comprises a culture area, a sewage collecting area and an ozone treatment area, wherein water flow with specific flow velocity is produced by water pushing and flow making equipment in the culture area, the habit that the fish likes to push water is utilized to wash the fish body, so that the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis difficult to attach to the surface of the fish body, simultaneously, the ichthyophthirius multifiliis dropped from the sick fish body and the sediment containing ichthyophthirius multifiliis cysts at the bottom of the pool are washed away to a sewage collecting area, the water flow enters an ozone treatment area and then ozone with specific concentration is used for killing ichthyophthirius multifiliis larvae, the water body after the ozone treatment is pushed to a culture area by the flow making equipment again, the above steps are repeated in a circulating way, and the density of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis in the water body is continuously reduced, so that the aim of preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis is fulfilled. The invention adopts artificial flow and ozone insect killing technology, and has the advantages of environmental protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish culture, and provides a technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow and ozone.
Background
The ichthyophthiriasis is a common parasitic disease of the fishes in globality, can infect most of the fishes, is easy to cause fulminant infection and large-scale death in aquaculture, and causes huge loss to the aquaculture. The life history of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis comprises a trophozoite stage, a cyst stage and a larva stage, the trophozoite breaks away from a fish body after being matured to form cysts, the cysts are divided for multiple times to form a large number of larvae, the larvae freely move in water, and the larvae enter into subcutaneous parts of a host to infect the fish body.
At present, methods for treating ichthyophthiriasis mainly include physical methods and chemical methods. Physical methods such as killing pests with ultraviolet rays or creating an environment unfavorable for the growth of water by increasing the temperature and salinity of the water. The chemical method adopts formaldehyde, malachite green, copper sulfate, quinine, methylene blue, mercurous nitrate, mercurous acetate and other drugs for killing pests. However, the physical method is difficult to apply to a large-scale water body culture mode due to too high energy consumption or too high cost and has poor effect, while the chemical method is easy to cause drug residue, and some drugs have strong toxic and side effects and carcinogenic risks and are banned from national plaintexts to be used for culturing edible fishes.
Therefore, the prior art has obvious defects and is not suitable for the control of ichthyophthiriasis in large water bodies, has technical blind areas, and needs to develop a technical method with stronger applicability, environmental protection and safety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow and ozone, and provides a new solution for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis. The invention constructs a relatively closed circulating water culture system, which mainly comprises a culture area, a sewage collection area and an ozone treatment area, wherein water flow with specific flow velocity is produced in the culture area by adopting water pushing and flow making equipment, the habit that fishes like top water is utilized to wash fish bodies, so that the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multiformis in water are difficult to attach to the surfaces of the fish bodies, meanwhile, the ichthyophthirius multiformis dropped from diseased fish bodies and sediments containing ichthyophthirius multiformis cysts at the bottom of a pool are washed away to the sewage collection area, the water flow enters the ozone treatment area and then kills the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multiformis killed by utilizing ozone with specific concentration, and the water body after the ozone treatment is pushed to the culture area by the flow making equipment again, so that the circulation is repeated, the density of the ich. The invention adopts artificial flow and ozone insect killing technology, and has the advantages of environmental protection.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow and ozone is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the device comprises the following components:
a. a closed breeding area: fish are bred inside, and external pathogen input is isolated;
b. a sewage collecting area: collecting dirt and sediments in the culture area;
c. an ozone treatment area: dissolving ozone into water flow and controlling the concentration of the ozone in the water flow so as to achieve the aim of killing the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis;
d. artificial flow making equipment: water flow with specific flow velocity is built in the culture area, fish bodies are washed by utilizing the habit that fishes like to push water, so that the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis in water are difficult to attach to the surfaces of the fish bodies, and meanwhile, the ichthyophthirius multifiliis dropped from diseased fish bodies and sediments containing ichthyophthirius multifiliis cysts at the bottom of the pond are washed away to a sewage collection area.
The specific structure comprises a plurality of culture ponds, wherein the culture ponds are all arranged in a closed manner, flow-making equipment such as a water pushing pump/a flow-making pump is arranged in a water channel at the front end of each culture pond, and the water outlet of the flow-making equipment passes through a water retaining wall through a pipeline and enters the culture ponds; the tail end of the culture pond is provided with a fish blocking net which separates the culture pond from a sewage collecting area, a sewage discharge pipe is arranged in the sewage collecting area, the sewage collecting area is connected with the front end of the ozone treatment area, and the tail end of the ozone treatment area is connected with a water channel. The ozone treatment area, the water channel, the culture pond and the sewage collection area form circulation. In addition, a water inlet channel is also arranged on the outer side of the water channel and is connected with the ozone treatment area through a water inlet pipe to form water supplement; and a sewage draining channel is arranged on the outer side of the sewage collecting area, and a sewage draining pipe in the sewage collecting area is communicated with the sewage draining channel.
The method comprises the following specific working steps:
the first step is as follows: when the water temperature is 15-25 ℃ in spring and autumn every year, the climate and water temperature changes of a culture area are monitored in real time, the dynamics of the small melon insects in a peripheral culture area are closely concerned, and after the small melon insects are infected, the flow-making pump and the ozone device are started in time, so that the large-area outbreak of the small melon insects is avoided.
The second step is that: and starting the flow-making pump and the ozone device to enable the water flow speed in the culture pond to reach 2-20 cm/s. The ozone addition amount of the ozone treatment area is adjusted to ensure that the ozone concentration is more than or equal to 0.1mg/L and the ozone action time is more than or equal to 10 min.
The third step: closely monitoring the ozone concentration of the water body in the ozone treatment area, adjusting the ozone addition amount, the ozone removal mode and the like to ensure that the ozone concentration of the outlet water is less than or equal to 0.03 mg/L. Meanwhile, the ozone tolerance range of the cultured fishes is determined according to experiments, the ozone removal efficiency is improved as appropriate, the ozone concentration of the outlet water is reduced, and the fishes are not influenced.
The fourth step: and observing the health condition, the water quality condition and the like of the fish body, and flexibly increasing or decreasing the starting time of the flow-making pump and the ozone device within the range of 4-18 h/day.
The fifth step: and (4) periodically pulling off a sewage discharge pipe of the sewage collection area, and discharging the sediments into a sewage discharge channel.
The specific detailed structure is as follows:
an action area and a consumption area are arranged in the ozone treatment area, the ozone action area is an area for killing insects by using ozone, water flow is mixed with ozone in the area to form ozone water, the concentration of the ozone is more than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the flow rate/the volume of the treatment tank is more than or equal to 10 min; the ozone consumption area is provided with a diversion partition wall to increase the flow of water or an aeration device to remove residual ozone, so that the concentration of ozone in the water flowing out of the ozone consumption area is less than or equal to 0.03 mg/L.
The flow-making equipment such as a water pushing pump/a flow-making pump works to maintain the water flow speed in the culture pond between 2 and 20 cm/s.
The opening time of the ozone device and the flow making pump is 4-18 h in one day, and the ozone device and the flow making pump are simultaneously opened.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention relates to a technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial current generation and ozone, which has the direct effects that: firstly, the water flow scouring effect is utilized to make the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis difficult to infect the fish body, and simultaneously, the ichthyophthirius multifiliis separated from the diseased fish in the water and cysts of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis in the sediment in the culture pond are washed away. Secondly, ozone is used for killing the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis.
2. The invention relates to a technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial current generation and ozone, which has the indirect effects that: firstly, the used ozone has no influence on environmental pollution after circulation, and the effect of environmental protection is achieved. Secondly, the water quality is improved while the ozone is used for killing insects, the dissolved oxygen content is increased, the survival rate and the growth rate of fishes can be increased, and the effect of increasing the culture benefit is achieved.
3. The invention relates to a technical method for preventing and controlling ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow and ozone, firstly provides a specific scheme for preventing and controlling ichthyophthiriasis by utilizing ozone, and makes a contribution to the improvement of a fish disease prevention and control technology.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow making and ozone comprises a plurality of culture ponds 1, wherein the culture ponds 1 are all arranged in a closed manner, water push pumps 2/flow making pumps are arranged in water channels 12 at the front ends of the culture ponds 1, and water discharged by the water push pumps 2 passes through a water retaining wall 10 through a pipeline and enters the culture ponds 1; the tail end of the culture pond is provided with a fish blocking net 13, and the fish blocking net 13 separates the culture pond 1 from the sewage collecting area 11 to prevent fish from entering the sewage collecting area 11; the sewage collecting areas 11 are all provided with a sewage discharge pipe 4, and the sewage discharge pipe 4 is communicated with a sewage discharge channel 5; the sewage collecting area 11 is connected with the front end of the ozone treatment area 6, and the tail end of the ozone treatment area 6 is connected with the water channel 12. The ozone treatment area 6, the water channel 12, the culture pond 1 and the sewage collection area 11 form a circulation. In addition, the outer side of the water channel 12 is also provided with a water inlet channel 3 which is connected with the ozone treatment system 6 through a water inlet pipe 14 to form water supplement. The upper side of the water inlet channel 3 is provided with a cover plate, and the upper cover plate of the water inlet channel 3 can be used for people to walk.
The shape of the ozone treatment system 6 is the same as that of the culture pond 1, an acting area 7 and a consumption area 8 are sequentially arranged in the ozone treatment system 6 from front to back, the ozone acting area 7 is an area for killing insects by using ozone, water flow is mixed with ozone in the area to form ozone water, and the concentration of the ozone water can be controlled; the ozone depletion zone 8 is designed to degrade and volatilize ozone in the water to a concentration safe for fish, and is provided with a diversion partition wall 9 to increase the flow of water or an aeration device to remove residual ozone.
The water pushing pump 2/the flow generating pump work to maintain the water flow speed in the culture pond 1 between 2 and 20 cm/s. The concentration of ozone in water is more than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the flow rate/volume of the treatment pool is more than or equal to 10 min. The ozone consumption area 8 is provided with a device for removing residual ozone, so that the concentration of ozone in the water flowing out of the ozone consumption area 8 is less than or equal to 0.03 mg/L.
The opening time of the ozone device and the water pushing pump 2/flow making pump is 4-18 h in one day, and the ozone device and the water pushing pump 2/flow making pump are simultaneously opened.
Hereinafter, the present invention provides specific examples.
In 2019, in 4 months, a fish pond of a certain farm in Kaihua county is modified to be suitable for the method. The grass carp culture pond mainly comprises an ozone treatment area 6, a water channel 12, a culture pond 1 and a sewage collecting area 11. The length of the culture pond is 18m, the width of the culture pond is 7m, the water depth is 1m, the culture pond consists of 6 cement ponds which are arranged side by side, the leftmost side is an ozone treatment area 6, and the rest 5 cement ponds are culture ponds 1. The size of the ozone action zone 7 of the ozone treatment zone 1 is 7m by 3m, and an oxygen generator (35L/min), an ozone generator (120g/h), a booster pump (1.1kw) and a venturi tube are usedForm an ozone water generating device to ensure that the concentration of ozone in water in the ozone action zone 7 is more than or equal to 0.1 mg/L. The water flow in the region is about 2m3And/min, ensuring that the effective ozone treatment time is more than or equal to 10min to completely kill the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The ozone water then flows into an ozone depletion zone 8 which is provided with 5 cement partition walls 9 as shown to increase the flow path of the water and thereby increase the time for ozone degradation and volatilization. The detention time of the water flow in the consumption area is about 50min, the half-life period of the ozone in the aquaculture water body at 20 ℃ is 20min, the concentration of the ozone flowing into the water body passing through the water channel 12 from the ozone consumption area 8 can be ensured to be less than or equal to 0.03mg/L, and an aeration facility can be added in the ozone consumption area 8 to further reduce the concentration of the ozone if necessary. 5 axial-flow type water pushing pumps (550w)2 are arranged in the water channel 12 corresponding to each culture pond 1, and the water outlet of the water pushing pumps 2 passes through a pipelineThe water flows into the culture pond 1 through the water retaining wall 10, the installation position of the water pushing pump 2 is 20cm away from the bottom surface of the pond, the depth can generate the flow to the maximum extent, the average flow velocity is 5cm/s, and the water flow drives the water containing agentSediment at the bottom of the water melon worm capsule enters the sewage collecting area 11 from the culture pond 1, and sewage in the sewage collecting area 11 flows to the ozone treatment area 6 through precipitation to complete circulation.
In 5 months 2019, the grass carps in the farm showed signs of being infected with the ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and the following three experiments were performed.
1. Evaluation of ozone insecticidal effect: collecting adult ichthyophthirius multifiliis on the surface and gill of the diseased fish, and putting part of the adult ichthyophthirius multifiliis in clear water to form cysts and larvae. Placing 30 adults and cysts on a screen, placing the adults and the cysts at the middle position of an ozone action area, an ozone consumption area and the tail end position of the ozone consumption area, wherein the corresponding ozone concentrations are 0.1mg/L, 0.06mg/L and 0.02mg/L respectively, and recording the death time of the adults. 1ml of larva water sample is added into 9ml of ozone water in three areas, and the death time of the larva body is observed under a microscope. The observation time was 1h, and 3 replicates were performed.
TABLE 1
The insecticidal effect of ozone is shown in table 1, the ozone concentration of 0.1mg/L can effectively kill the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis in a short time, 0.06mg/L needs a longer time, and the lower ozone concentration has no insecticidal effect. Ozone concentrations of 0.1mg/L and below were not lethal to both adults and cysts.
2. Evaluation of lethality of ozone to grass carp: 30 healthy grass carps (with the weight of 2080.6 +/-159.4 g and the body length of 52.3 +/-5.5 cm) are respectively placed at the tail end of the ozone action area, the ozone consumption area and the culture pond, the ozone concentration of 3 areas is 0.1mg/L, 0.02mg/L and 0mg/L respectively, and the survival rate after 48 hours is counted.
TABLE 2
Region(s) | Survival rate |
Zone of action of ozone | 73.3% |
Ozone depletion region end | 100% |
Culture pond | 100% |
As shown in Table 2, the grass carp dies only at the ozone concentration of 0.1mg/L, the gill tissue of the dead grass carp is congested and swollen, the breathing frequency of the grass carp is accelerated during the experiment, and the reaction is slow, which indicates that the ozone concentration can cause great damage to the gill tissue of the grass carp. The other two groups of grass carps have no adverse effect and no death.
3. The evaluation of the effect of the method for treating ichthyophthiriasis of grass carps comprises the following steps: grass carp infected with the ichthyophthirius multifiliis (body weight 2080.6 + -159.4 g, body length 52.3 + -5.5 cm) were tested with 100 tails per group. Performing experiments on a control group and a running water treatment group in an unmodified fish pond, wherein an axial flow pump is additionally arranged at a water inlet of the running water treatment group; the ozone treatment group and the running water + ozone treatment group were performed in a modified fish pond. The water pump is started for 7h every day along with the ozone device, the first week of the ozone device is started according to the water temperature of 20 ℃, the time (19-23h) required by cyst development into larva and the flow rate (2 m) of the pool3Min) and total water amount (756 m)3) And calculating, starting the system for 7 hours every day to circularly kill the insects of the culture water body once, and adding and subtracting according to actual conditions after one week. The feed feeding conditions of the control group and the treatment group are consistent, the experiment is carried out for one month, and the survival rate is counted.
TABLE 3
Mode of treatment | Survival rate |
Control group | 19% |
Running water treatment | 71% |
Ozone therapy | 55% |
Running water plus ozone therapy | 82% |
As can be seen from Table 3, the survival rate of the grass carp in one month in the three treatment groups is obviously higher than that in the control group, the survival rate of the running water treatment group is slightly higher than that in the ozone treatment group, and the survival rate is highest under the combination of the two treatment methods, so that the propagation of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis effectively inhibited under the action of the water flow and the ozone, and the loss is greatly reduced.
The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any equivalent changes, equivalent substitutions or modifications made based on the present invention to solve the same technical problems and achieve the same technical effects are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by utilizing artificial flow and ozone is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
a. a closed breeding area: fish are bred inside, and external pathogen input is isolated;
b. a sewage collecting area: collecting dirt and sediments in the culture area;
c. an ozone treatment area: dissolving ozone into water flow and controlling the concentration of the ozone in the water flow so as to achieve the aim of killing the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis;
d. artificial flow making equipment: water flow with flow velocity is built in the culture area, fish bodies are washed by utilizing habit of fish top water, so that the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis in water are difficult to attach to the surfaces of the fish bodies, and meanwhile, the ichthyophthirius multifiliis dropped from diseased fish bodies and sediments containing ichthyophthirius multifiliis cysts at the bottom of the pond are washed away to a sewage collection area.
2. The technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by using artificial flow and ozone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the technical method comprises the following steps: the ozone treatment area comprises an ozone action area and an ozone consumption area, ozone is dissolved in water in the ozone action area, the concentration of the ozone is controlled, and the concentration reaches the concentration capable of killing the larvae of the ichthyophthirius multifiliis; the rivers pass through the ozone consumption district, and ozone constantly decomposes and volatilizees, and the concentration drops to the concentration safe to the fish, becomes oxygen after the ozonolysis simultaneously and can increase water dissolved oxygen.
3. The technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by using artificial flow and ozone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the technical method comprises the following steps: the artificial flow making equipment is arranged in the culture pond, and the water flow speed in the culture area is maintained between 2 and 20 cm/s.
4. The technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by using artificial flow and ozone as claimed in claim 2, wherein the technical method comprises the following steps: the concentration of ozone in water in the ozone action area is more than or equal to 0.1mg/L, and the flow rate/volume of the treatment tank is more than or equal to 10 min.
5. The technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by using artificial flow and ozone as claimed in claim 2, wherein the technical method comprises the following steps: the ozone concentration of the outlet water at the tail end of the ozone consumption area is less than or equal to 0.03 mg/L.
6. The technical method for preventing and treating ichthyophthiriasis of cultured fishes by using artificial flow and ozone as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the technical method comprises the following steps: the ozone generator and the flow making equipment are simultaneously started within one day, and the starting time is 4-18 h.
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