CN111689466A - Comprehensive treatment method and treatment system for organic waste - Google Patents

Comprehensive treatment method and treatment system for organic waste Download PDF

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CN111689466A
CN111689466A CN202010462911.1A CN202010462911A CN111689466A CN 111689466 A CN111689466 A CN 111689466A CN 202010462911 A CN202010462911 A CN 202010462911A CN 111689466 A CN111689466 A CN 111689466A
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organic waste
gas
cracking
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hydrogen
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李蕾蕾
蔡子田
吴功松
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Shenzhen Zhongke Nanotechnology Co ltd
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    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • C01B3/24—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds of hydrocarbons
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    • C01B32/186—Preparation by chemical vapour deposition [CVD]
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
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    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
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    • C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
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    • C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
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    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment method of organic waste, which comprises the following steps: cracking organic waste to obtain a cracking product; and carrying out thermocatalytic treatment on the cracking product under the action of a metal catalyst to obtain the nano carbon material and hydrogen. The comprehensive treatment method of the organic waste converts carbon elements in the organic waste into the nano carbon material through cracking treatment and thermal catalysis treatment by taking the organic waste as a raw material, purifies and enriches the hydrogen elements in a hydrogen manner to obtain high-purity hydrogen energy, can realize zero carbon emission, zero pollution and high recovery rate, reduces environmental pollution and improves social benefits.

Description

Comprehensive treatment method and treatment system for organic waste
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of waste treatment, and particularly relates to a comprehensive treatment method and a comprehensive treatment system for organic waste.
Background
With the acceleration of the industrialization process and the rapid development of the urbanization, the waste organic matters generated are rapidly increased. The general waste organic matters are: solid waste such as plastics, rubber and fiber, liquid waste such as waste engine oil and civil oil, and gas waste such as industrial waste gas and civil waste gas. At present, the treatment of solid wastes such as waste plastics and waste rubber is mainly landfill and incineration. The waste plastics and rubber can not be naturally degraded to enter natural ecological cycle like natural polymers, and are difficult to degrade after being buried, so that white pollution is easy to form and enter soil and ocean; and a large amount of harmful gas is formed in the incineration treatment to pollute the atmospheric environment. The treatment of liquid waste such as industrial waste oil and civil waste oil, and gaseous waste such as industrial waste gas and civil waste gas requires complicated recovery and refining processes, which are difficult to recover and have a large workload.
In order to solve the problem of pollution of waste organic matter and to achieve maximum value, some researchers have proposed pyrolyzing and catalyzing waste organic matter to obtain H2Hydrocarbon compound (C)mHn) Gas, CO2And the like. However, the content of green energy such as hydrogen is low, and most of the green energy is carbon pollution gas (CO is formed after combustion)2) The problems of low quality such as purity, content and the like of the combustible gas, low added value and the like exist. And the method is also contrary to the low-carbon circular development economic system advocated at present in China. At present, effective methods for comprehensive treatment and recycling of organic wastes such as solid wastes, liquid wastes, and gaseous wastes are still lacking.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a comprehensive treatment method and a comprehensive treatment system for organic wastes, and aims to solve the problem that an effective method is lacked in comprehensive treatment and recycling of the organic wastes to a certain extent.
In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides a method for comprehensive treatment of organic waste, comprising the steps of:
cracking organic waste to obtain a cracking product;
and carrying out thermocatalytic treatment on the cracking product under the action of a metal catalyst to obtain the nano carbon material and hydrogen.
In a second aspect, the present application provides an integrated processing system for organic waste, comprising:
the cracking unit is used for cracking the organic waste to generate a cracking product;
the thermocatalysis unit is internally provided with a metal catalyst, is communicated with the cracking unit and is used for catalyzing the cracking product to generate a nano carbon material and hydrogen;
and the gas collection unit is communicated with the thermal catalysis unit and is used for collecting hydrogen.
According to the comprehensive treatment method of the organic waste provided by the first aspect of the application, the organic waste such as solid waste, liquid waste oil and organic waste gas is used as a raw material, and the organic waste is cracked into active hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen, sulfide, nitrogen and other gaseous mixtures through cracking treatment of the organic waste; then carrying out thermocatalytic treatment on the cracking product under the action of a metal catalyst. On one hand, in the process of thermal catalysis treatment, the surface of the metal catalyst is melted at high temperature, hydrocarbon compounds are catalytically decomposed on the surface of the metal, and generated carbon elements are arranged on the surface of the metal according to a specific structure to form carbon nano-tubes, graphene, fullerene, graphite alkyne and other nano-carbon materials. On the other hand, in the process of forming the nano-carbon material by catalyzing the active hydrocarbon gas, elements such as sulfur and the like in the pyrolysis product can be fixed in the nano-carbon material, and the elements such as sulfur and the like can be used as a growth promoter of the nano-carbon material to further promote the deposition of the nano-carbon material. On the other hand, hydrogen in the cracking product has reducibility, can prevent the metal catalyst from being oxidized to lose catalytic activity, keeps the activity of the metal catalyst, and is beneficial to hydrocarbon gas deposition to form the nano carbon material. And through the thermocatalytic treatment, the hydrogen can be purified and enriched, and the utilization rate of the hydrogen is improved. In addition, inert gases such as nitrogen and the like in the cracking products are beneficial to preventing the metal catalyst from being oxidized and inactivated, and can play a role in adjusting the concentration of the hydrocarbon carbon source gas, so that the deposition molding rate of the nano-carbon material is adjusted, and the quality of the nano-carbon material is ensured; inert gases such as nitrogen can be recycled.
The comprehensive treatment system for organic waste provided by the second aspect of the application comprises a cracking unit, a thermal catalysis unit and other collection units which are sequentially communicated, wherein the cracking unit is used for cracking the organic waste, a generated cracking product is communicated to the thermal catalysis unit, and a nano carbon material and hydrogen are generated under the catalysis of a metal catalyst arranged inside the thermal catalysis unit; as each component in the cracked product is absorbed and converted in the thermal catalysis unit, the generated hydrogen is collected by the gas collection unit, the purity is high, and the hydrogen can be directly recycled. The application provides an organic waste's integrated processing system, through the pyrolysis treatment and the thermal catalysis processing to organic waste, can retrieve element composition such as carbon, hydrogen in the organic waste thing basically, recovery efficiency is high, can realize zero pollution, zero carbon emission, high utilization.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated organic waste treatment system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGS. 2 and 3 are SEM images of carbon nanotubes provided in example 1 of the present application;
wherein, in the figures, the respective reference numerals:
1-cracking unit 2-thermocatalytic unit 3-gas collection unit 4-gas separation unit
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects to be solved by the present application more clearly apparent, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In this application, the term "and/or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a is present alone, A and B are present simultaneously, and B is present alone. Wherein A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.
In the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of the singular or plural items. For example, "at least one (a), b, or c", or "at least one (a), b, and c", may each represent: a, b, c, a-b (i.e., a and b), a-c, b-c, or a-b-c, wherein a, b, and c may be single or plural, respectively.
It should be understood that, in various embodiments of the present application, the sequence numbers of the above-mentioned processes do not mean the execution sequence, some or all of the steps may be executed in parallel or executed sequentially, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in the examples of this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The weight of the related components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present application may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship of the weight among the components, and therefore, the content of the related components is scaled up or down within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present application as long as it is scaled up or down according to the description of the embodiments of the present application. Specifically, the mass in the description of the embodiments of the present application may be in units of mass known in the chemical industry, such as μ g, mg, g, and kg.
The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are used for distinguishing purposes such as substances from one another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. For example, a first XX may also be referred to as a second XX, and similarly, a second XX may also be referred to as a first XX, without departing from the scope of embodiments of the present application. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
The first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a comprehensive treatment method for organic waste, which includes the following steps:
s10, cracking the organic waste to obtain a cracking product;
s20, carrying out thermal catalysis treatment on the cracking product under the action of a metal catalyst to obtain the nano carbon material and hydrogen.
According to the comprehensive treatment method of the organic waste provided by the first aspect of the application, the organic waste such as solid waste, liquid waste oil and organic waste gas is used as a raw material, and the organic waste is cracked into active hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen, sulfide, nitrogen and other gaseous mixtures through cracking treatment of the organic waste; then carrying out thermal catalysis treatment on the cracking products under the action of a metal catalyst. On one hand, in the process of thermal catalysis treatment, the surface of the metal catalyst is melted at high temperature, hydrocarbon compounds are catalytically decomposed on the surface of the metal, and generated carbon elements are arranged on the surface of the metal according to a specific structure to form carbon nano-tubes, graphene, fullerene, graphite alkyne and other nano-carbon materials. On the other hand, in the process of forming the nano-carbon material by catalyzing the active hydrocarbon gas, elements such as sulfur and the like in the pyrolysis product can be fixed in the nano-carbon material, and the elements such as sulfur and the like can be used as a growth promoter of the nano-carbon material to further promote the deposition of the nano-carbon material. On the other hand, hydrogen in the cracking product has reducibility, can prevent the metal catalyst from being oxidized to lose catalytic activity, keeps the activity of the metal catalyst, and is beneficial to hydrocarbon gas deposition to form the nano carbon material. And through the thermocatalytic treatment, the hydrogen can be purified and enriched, and the utilization rate of the hydrogen is improved. In addition, inert gases such as nitrogen and the like in the cracking products are beneficial to preventing the metal catalyst from being oxidized and inactivated, and can play a role in adjusting the concentration of the hydrocarbon carbon source gas, so that the deposition molding rate of the nano-carbon material is adjusted, and the quality of the nano-carbon material is ensured; inert gases such as nitrogen can be recycled.
Specifically, in step S10, the organic waste is subjected to cracking treatment to obtain a cracked product. The embodiment of the application takes organic wastes such as solid wastes, liquid waste oil and organic waste gas as raw materials, and cracks the organic wastes into gaseous mixtures such as active hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen, sulfide and nitrogen through the cracking treatment of the organic wastes, so that the problem that the organic wastes are difficult to treat is effectively solved, and the organic wastes are taken as raw materials, and through the cracking treatment and the subsequent thermal catalysis treatment, all components in cracking products are fully utilized, hydrogen elements and carbon elements in the organic wastes can be basically recovered, and zero pollution, zero carbon emission and high utilization rate are realized.
In some embodiments, the step of subjecting the organic waste to a pyrolysis process comprises: and (3) cracking the organic waste for 1-3 hours in an oxygen-free environment at the temperature of 300-600 ℃ to obtain a cracking product. In the embodiment of the application, the organic waste is cracked for 1-3 hours in an oxygen-free environment at the temperature of 300-600 ℃, and the organic waste is fully cracked into gaseous micromolecular hydrocarbons, hydrogen, gaseous sulfides, nitrogen and the like. Wherein, in the subsequent thermal catalytic treatment process, the gaseous micromolecular hydrocarbon can generate the nano carbon material under the action of the metal catalyst; the sulfur element can be captured by the nano carbon material, is fixed on the nano carbon material and is used as a growth promoter of the nano carbon material; inert gases such as nitrogen and the like can adjust the deposition rate of gaseous micromolecular hydrocarbon on the metal surface, so that the growth rate of the nano carbon material is regulated and controlled, and the stability of the nano carbon material is favorably ensured. If the cracking temperature is lower than 300 ℃, the cracking of organic wastes is not facilitated, and the growth of the subsequent nano carbon material is influenced; if the cracking temperature is too high, unnecessary energy waste is caused, and the method is not economical and environment-friendly.
In some embodiments, the organic waste is selected from: at least one of solid waste, liquid waste oil and organic waste gas. The comprehensive treatment method provided by the embodiment of the application is suitable for treating solid wastes such as plastics, rubber and fibers, liquid waste oil such as waste engine oil and civil oil, organic wastes such as industrial waste gas and civil waste gas, and has the advantages of wide application range, flexible application and high practical value.
Specifically, in step S20, the pyrolysis product is thermally catalyzed by a metal catalyst to obtain a nanocarbon material and hydrogen. In the embodiment of the application, the pyrolysis product is subjected to thermocatalytic treatment under the action of a metal catalyst, so that hydrocarbon compounds are catalytically decomposed on the surface of the metal, and the generated carbon elements are arranged on the surface of the metal according to a specific structure to form carbon nano-tubes, graphene, fullerene, graphene alkyne and other nano-carbon materials. Elements such as sulfur and the like in the pyrolysis product can be fixed in the nano material and can be used as a growth promoter of the nano carbon material to further promote the deposition of the nano carbon material. The hydrogen in the cracking product is enriched and purified, and the utilization rate of the hydrogen is improved. In addition, inert gases such as nitrogen and the like in the cracking products can be recycled. The embodiment of the application fully utilizes and recovers all components of the cracking product through the thermal catalytic treatment of the cracking product, thereby realizing the recycling of organic waste and achieving the effects of zero carbon emission, zero pollution and high utilization rate.
In some embodiments, the step of subjecting the cleavage product to thermocatalytic treatment comprises: carrying out thermal catalysis treatment on the cracking product for 1-5 hours at the temperature of 600-900 ℃ under the condition of containing a metal catalyst to obtain the nano carbon material and hydrogen. The thermal catalysis treatment is carried out at the temperature of 600-900 ℃, the temperature can further crack carbon sources which are not fully cracked in a cracking product into hydrocarbon gas, the catalytic effect of a metal catalyst on the hydrocarbon gas in the cracking product can be ensured, the quality of a growing nano carbon material is ensured, the material purity is improved, and the defects are reduced. And (3) carrying out thermocatalytic treatment for 1-5 hours to ensure that hydrocarbon gas in the cracking product completely reacts with the metal catalyst to form a nano carbon material, completely recovering organic hydrocarbons in the cracking product and simultaneously improving the purity of hydrogen. If the catalytic temperature is too low, the growth of hydrocarbon gas on the surface of the metal catalyst is not facilitated to form the nano carbon material; if the catalytic temperature is too high, the activity of hydrocarbon gas is too high, the deposition rate on the surface of the metal catalyst is too high, the carbon source cannot grow in time, and amorphous carbon is easily formed.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of metal catalyst to cleavage product is (0.1 to 1) kg: (0.1-1) t. In the embodiment of the application, the mass ratio of the metal catalyst to the cracking product is (0.1-1) kg: and (0.1-1) t, carrying out thermocatalytic treatment on the cracking product, wherein the metal catalyst in the proportion ensures the full recycling of hydrocarbon gas in the cracking product. If the content of the metal catalyst is too low, the hydrocarbon gas in the cracked product is not fully recovered, and the hydrogen in the gas product has low purity and cannot be directly utilized.
In some embodiments, the metal catalyst comprises: at least one of iron, nickel, cobalt and copper, and the metal catalysts adopted in the embodiment of the application have higher carbon capacity, have better catalytic action on hydrocarbon compounds in the cracking products, and are beneficial to forming the nano carbon material by arranging carbon elements on the metal surface according to a specific structure.
The nano carbon material prepared by the embodiment of the application comprises: at least one of carbon nano tube, graphene, carbon black and fullerene can be selectively prepared into the corresponding nano carbon material through the actual application requirements and through the adjustment of factors such as deposition temperature, catalyst type and the like.
In some embodiments, the metal catalyst has a particle size of 3 nanometers to 100 nanometers. The embodiment of the application adopts the metal catalyst with the grain diameter of 3-100 nanometers, and the metal catalyst with the grain diameter of nanometer is beneficial to preparing the carbon nano tube with small pipe diameter. When the metal catalyst exceeds 100 nm, it is difficult to form a carbon nanotube having excellent properties such as a small wall number, a large specific surface area, and the like. In some embodiments, the carbon nanotubes are deposited at a temperature of 800 ℃ and a Co-based catalyst having a particle size of 50 nm.
In other embodiments, the metal catalyst may be copper foil or the like, and the carbon nano-material such as graphene or the like is prepared by vapor deposition of a carbon source in the cleavage product.
A second aspect of embodiments of the present application provides an integrated processing system for organic waste, including:
the cracking unit is used for cracking the organic waste to generate a cracking product;
the thermocatalysis unit is internally provided with a metal catalyst, is communicated with the cracking unit and is used for catalyzing a cracking product to generate a nano carbon material and hydrogen;
and the gas collection unit is communicated with the thermal catalysis unit and is used for collecting hydrogen.
The comprehensive treatment system for organic waste provided by the second aspect of the application comprises a cracking unit, a thermal catalysis unit and other collection units which are sequentially communicated, wherein the cracking unit is used for cracking the organic waste, a generated cracking product is communicated to the thermal catalysis unit, and a nano carbon material and hydrogen are generated under the catalysis of a metal catalyst arranged inside the thermal catalysis unit; as each component in the cracked product is absorbed and converted in the thermal catalysis unit, the generated hydrogen is collected by the gas collection unit, the purity is high, and the hydrogen can be directly recycled. The comprehensive treatment system of organic waste who this application embodiment provided, through the pyrolysis treatment and the thermal catalysis processing to organic waste, can retrieve element composition such as carbon, hydrogen in the organic waste thing basically, recovery efficiency is high, can realize zero pollution, zero carbon emission, high utilization.
In some embodiments, a first heating device is disposed within the lysis unit for heating the lysis unit to a temperature of 300 ℃ to 600 ℃. The first heating device is arranged in the cracking unit, and is used for heating the cracking unit to 300-600 ℃, providing proper cracking temperature for cracking of organic wastes, fully cracking the organic wastes into products such as active hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen, nitrogen and gaseous sulfides, and being beneficial to fully absorbing and converting the cracked products in a subsequent thermal catalysis unit, thereby ensuring full recycling of the organic wastes.
In some embodiments, to ensure sufficient cracking of the organic waste and to prevent the waste from being oxidized, the oxygen in the cracking unit is removed by introducing inert gas or the like when the organic waste is cracked under heating in the cracking unit, and an oxygen-free environment is maintained.
In some embodiments, a second heating device is disposed within the thermocatalytic unit for heating the thermocatalytic unit to 600 ℃ to 900 ℃. The second heating device is arranged in the thermal catalysis unit and used for heating the thermal catalysis unit to 600-900 ℃, and hydrocarbon carbon source gas in a catalytic cracking production area is deposited to form the nano carbon material. At the temperature, the surface of the metal catalyst is melted, hydrocarbon compounds are catalytically decomposed on the surface of the metal, and generated carbon elements are arranged on the surface of the metal according to a specific structure to form the nano carbon material. Meanwhile, sulfur element in the cracking product is captured by the nano carbon material and is fixed on the nano carbon material, so that the growth of the nano carbon material can be further promoted. According to the method, the carbon nano-material is obtained through recycling and converting components such as the carbon source in the cracking product, and the high-purity hydrogen is obtained through purifying and enriching the hydrogen in the cracking product, so that the method is more beneficial to direct application of the product.
In some embodiments, the nanocarbon material comprises: at least one of carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon black and fullerene.
In some embodiments, the metal catalyst comprises: at least one of iron, nickel, cobalt and copper.
In some embodiments, a metal catalyst having a particle size of 3 nm to 100 nm is used to prepare the carbon nanotube material of the small tube. In other embodiments, the graphene is prepared using a copper foil catalyst.
The comprehensive treatment system for the organic waste is suitable for comprehensive treatment and recycling of organic waste in any state, such as solid waste, liquid waste oil, organic waste gas and the like.
In some embodiments, when solid waste is treated, the solid waste is first subjected to a full cracking process in an oxygen-free cracking unit at a temperature of 300 ℃ to 600 ℃ for 1 to 3 hours; the obtained cracking product is conducted to a thermal catalysis unit with the temperature of 600-900 ℃, and at least one metal catalyst of iron, nickel, cobalt and copper is arranged in the thermal catalysis unit; carrying out thermocatalytic treatment on the pyrolysis product for 1-5 hours by using a metal catalyst, and fully absorbing and converting a carbon source in the pyrolysis product to obtain a nano carbon material; meanwhile, hydrogen in the cracking product is enriched and purified. High-purity hydrogen is collected in a gas collection unit, and inert gases such as nitrogen can be recycled in the reaction system through separation.
In other embodiments, when the liquid waste oil is treated, in the comprehensive treatment system for organic wastes, the cracking unit can be directly arranged in the thermocatalytic unit, and the liquid waste oil is cracked for 1-3 hours by the cracking unit at the temperature of 300-600 ℃ and gasified into free carbon source molecules, hydrogen molecules and the like. The gasified carbon source is in contact reaction with a metal catalyst for 1-5 hours in a thermocatalysis unit at the temperature of 600-900 ℃, free carbon atoms are arranged according to a specific structure to form a nano carbon material to generate the nano carbon material, and the carbon source can be basically recycled. The free hydrogen atoms form hydrogen, high-purity hydrogen is obtained through purification and enrichment, and inert gases such as nitrogen and the like can be used in a reaction system through separation and circulation.
In other specific embodiments, when organic waste gas is treated, the organic waste gas can be directly introduced into a thermal catalysis unit with the temperature of 600-900 ℃, and the organic waste gas is contacted with a metal catalyst for reaction for 1-5 hours, so that carbon source gas in the organic waste gas is regularly arranged on the surface of the metal catalyst to form a nano carbon material, hydrogen and the like are purified and enriched, and inert gases such as nitrogen and the like can be recycled in a reaction system through separation.
In some embodiments, a gas separation unit is further disposed between the thermocatalytic unit and the gas collection unit for separating and purifying hydrogen. The comprehensive treatment system for organic waste in the embodiment of the application can also be provided with a gas separation unit between the thermal catalysis unit and the gas collection unit, and is used for separating and purifying hydrogen, separating inert gases such as nitrogen and a small amount of carbon source gas which is not completely reacted, and then conveying the separated inert gases into the thermal catalysis unit again, so that the small amount of carbon source gas which is not completely reacted is absorbed and converted again, and the inert gases such as nitrogen provide an inert gas atmosphere for the system to adjust the carbon source deposition rate.
In some embodiments, an integrated organic waste treatment system is shown in fig. 1, comprising: the cracking unit 1 is used for cracking organic waste to generate a cracking product; the thermocatalysis unit 2 is internally provided with a metal catalyst, is communicated with the cracking unit and is used for catalyzing a cracking product to generate a nano carbon material and hydrogen; and the gas separation unit 4 is used for separating and purifying the gas discharged from the thermal catalysis unit 2, the separated inert gas and the hydrocarbon gas which is not completely reacted enter the thermal catalysis unit 2 again from the feeding side of the thermal catalysis unit 2 through a conduit, and the purified hydrogen is introduced into the gas collection unit 3 for collection.
In order to make the above implementation details and operations of the present invention clearly understood by those skilled in the art and to make the advanced performance of the comprehensive treatment method of organic waste and the treatment system thereof according to the embodiments of the present invention significantly manifest, the above technical solutions are exemplified by a plurality of embodiments.
Example 1
A comprehensive treatment method of organic waste comprises the following steps:
firstly, cracking the waste plastics for 2 times in a cracking unit at the temperature of 300 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; obtaining a cracking product;
secondly, introducing the cracking product into a thermal catalysis unit with the temperature of 800 ℃, arranging a Co catalyst with the particle size of about 10 nanometers in the thermal catalysis unit, and carrying out thermal catalysis treatment on the cracking product for 5 hours to obtain the carbon nano tube and hydrogen.
And thirdly, separating and purifying the gas exhausted by the thermal catalysis unit through a gas separation unit, and recovering the hydrogen from a gas collection unit.
Example 2
A comprehensive treatment method of organic waste comprises the following steps:
firstly, cracking the waste plastics for 3 times in a cracking unit at the temperature of 400 ℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere; obtaining a cracking product;
secondly, introducing the cracking product into a thermocatalysis unit with the temperature of 750 ℃, wherein a copper foil catalyst is arranged in the thermocatalysis unit, and performing thermocatalysis treatment on the cracking product for 5 hours to obtain graphene and hydrogen.
And thirdly, separating and purifying the gas exhausted by the thermal catalysis unit through a gas separation unit, and recovering the hydrogen from a gas collection unit.
Further, in order to verify the advancement of the comprehensive treatment method and treatment system for organic waste in the embodiment of the present invention, the morphology of the carbon nanotube prepared in embodiment 1 is observed, and as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the prepared carbon nanotube has the advantages of less impurities, high purity and high aspect ratio. In addition, the purity of the hydrogen recovered in the gas collection unit in the embodiment 1 is tested, the purity of the hydrogen can reach 78%, and the hydrogen has high purity and can be directly recovered and utilized.
This application has tested the hydrogen purity of retrieving in embodiment 2 gas collection unit, and hydrogen purity reaches 75%, and the purity is high.
The above description is only exemplary of the present application and should not be taken as limiting the present application, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. The comprehensive treatment method of the organic waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cracking organic waste to obtain a cracking product;
and carrying out thermocatalytic treatment on the cracking product under the action of a metal catalyst to obtain the nano carbon material and hydrogen.
2. The integrated processing method of organic waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of subjecting the organic waste to a pyrolysis treatment comprises: cracking the organic waste for 1-3 hours in an oxygen-free environment at the temperature of 300-600 ℃ to obtain a cracking product; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the organic waste is selected from: at least one of solid waste, liquid waste oil and organic waste gas.
3. The integrated processing method of organic waste as set forth in claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of subjecting the pyrolysis product to a thermocatalytic treatment comprises: and carrying out thermocatalytic treatment on the pyrolysis product for 1-5 hours at the temperature of 600-900 ℃ under the condition of containing the metal catalyst to obtain the nano carbon material and hydrogen.
4. The method for comprehensively treating organic waste as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the metal catalyst to the pyrolysis product is (0.1 to 1) kg: (0.1-1) t.
5. The integrated processing method of organic waste according to any one of claims 1, 2 or 4, wherein the nano-carbon material comprises: at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, and fullerene; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the metal catalyst includes: at least one of iron, nickel, cobalt and copper.
6. The method of comprehensively treating organic waste as claimed in claim 5, wherein the metal catalyst has a particle size of 3 nm to 100 nm.
7. An integrated processing system for organic waste, comprising:
the cracking unit is used for cracking the organic waste to generate a cracking product;
the thermocatalysis unit is internally provided with a metal catalyst, is communicated with the cracking unit and is used for catalyzing the cracking product to generate a nano carbon material and hydrogen;
and the gas collection unit is communicated with the thermal catalysis unit and is used for collecting hydrogen.
8. The comprehensive treatment system for organic wastes according to claim 7, wherein the cracking unit is internally provided with a first heating device, and the first heating device is used for heating the cracking unit to 300-600 ℃; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
a second heating device is arranged in the thermal catalysis unit and used for heating the thermal catalysis unit to 600-900 ℃.
9. The integrated processing system for organic waste material of claim 7, wherein the organic waste material is selected from the group consisting of: at least one of solid waste, liquid waste oil and organic waste gas; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the nanocarbon material includes: at least one of carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon black, and fullerene; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the metal catalyst includes: at least one of iron, nickel, cobalt and copper; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the particle size of the metal catalyst is 3-100 nanometers.
10. The comprehensive treatment system for organic wastes according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a gas separation unit is further disposed between the thermocatalytic unit and the gas collection unit for separating and purifying hydrogen.
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