CN111679057A - Leaching test device and test method - Google Patents
Leaching test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111679057A CN111679057A CN202010532359.9A CN202010532359A CN111679057A CN 111679057 A CN111679057 A CN 111679057A CN 202010532359 A CN202010532359 A CN 202010532359A CN 111679057 A CN111679057 A CN 111679057A
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
The invention relates to a leaching test device and a leaching test method. The device comprises a fertilizer drip irrigation device, a soil column container, a leaching collecting element and a refrigerating device, wherein the fertilizer drip irrigation device is connected with an inlet of the soil column container and is used for inputting liquid fertilizer into the soil column container in a drip irrigation mode; the soil column container is used for containing a soil column sample; the inlet of the eluviation collecting element is connected with the bottom of the soil column container, and the eluviation collecting element is further connected with the refrigerating device so as to input collected eluviation water into the refrigerating device. The invention provides a scientific and attractive soil column device integrating simulated fertilization, soil nutrient leaching, gas collection, leaching water real-time collection and the like and a test method, and provides a powerful guarantee for the research on the aspect of farmland soil nutrient leaching loss.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of leaching tests, in particular to a leaching test device and a sample collection method.
Background
At present, the phenomenon of excessive fertilizer application in facility vegetable fields is very serious, and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer of each crop of facility vegetables in many areas is 445--1And is far higher than the total recommended amount of nitrogen in the fertilizer. The use of the fertilizer ensures the vegetable yield of China to a certain extent, but the problems of large fertilizer consumption, low efficiency and the like in the long term give resources, environment and other aspects of ChinaWith negative consequences. The leaching loss of nutrients in the facility vegetable soil, particularly the leaching loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), causes the problems of overproof nitrate in the produced underground water, eutrophication of the water body and the like, and seriously harms the health of human beings.
Many researches on soil nutrient eluviation exist, and soil nutrient space movement and eluviation of farmland by utilizing a soil column method are widely accepted and applied. Generally, the earth pillar is divided into two types: undisturbed soil column without disturbance and disturbed soil column with re-filling. Although the original soil column can better represent the original soil structure and the physicochemical property of a research object, the test has the defects of higher difficulty, time and labor waste and the like, and has larger restriction in the field test. The filling soil column can be one kind of screened soil or several kinds of soil mixed according to a certain proportion. For example, soil evaporation, percolation, solute transport and adsorption properties of soil to specific pollutants are studied by varying various parameters (soil particle size, specific surface and mineral composition, pH of soil water, or different mixing ratios of soil, etc.). The indoor earth pillar has the advantages of accurate measurement, low construction cost, low material cost, simple and convenient operation and the like, and becomes a main means for researches on water movement, solute transfer and the like.
However, the existing soil column device has the following limitations in the research on the leaching of soil nutrients:
in the test, the traditional flooding irrigation mode is used, and the development of increasingly intelligent and energy-saving accurate facility agriculture cannot be met; the leaching water of soil nutrients is directly influenced by temperature, and the physical, chemical and biological properties of the leaching water are greatly influenced after the leaching water is placed for a long time in a test, so that a system error is generated in the test; the earth pillar device is mostly the transparent material of ya keli, and the seepage collecting layer contacts with the air, can't simulate the real environment of secret soil light-resistant anaerobism.
Therefore, the design of a test device and a method capable of scientifically reflecting the leaching of nutrients in soil is a problem which needs to be solved urgently at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of one or more of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention is directed to a leaching test apparatus and a sample collection method.
The invention firstly provides a leaching test device, which mainly comprises a fertilizer drip irrigation device, a soil column container, a leaching collection element and a refrigerating device, wherein,
the fertilizer drip irrigation device is connected with an inlet of the soil column container and is used for inputting liquid fertilizer into the soil column container in a drip irrigation mode;
the soil column container is used for placing a soil sample;
the inlet of the eluviation collecting element is connected with the bottom of the soil column container, and the eluviation collecting element is further connected with the refrigerating device so as to input collected eluviation water into the refrigerating device.
The technical scheme enables the collected eluviation water to avoid the temperature influence caused by long placing time, and the drip irrigation more conforms to the actual scientific fertilization condition.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the leaching test apparatus further comprises an antioxidant gas delivery device in communication with the leaching collection element.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-resistant gas delivery device is a nitrogen tank.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the refrigeration device comprises a refrigeration element and a storage container, the storage container is arranged in the refrigeration element, and the storage container is communicated with the eluviation collection element.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the leaching test device further comprises a timing conveying unit, an inlet of the timing conveying unit is connected with the leaching collecting element, and an outlet of the timing conveying unit is connected with the refrigerating device so as to convey the collected leaching into the refrigerating device in a timing mode.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the timed delivery unit comprises a peristaltic pump and a timer which periodically activates the peristaltic pump to operate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the soil column container comprises a soil sample tube and a percolation layer tube, wherein the percolation layer tube is arranged below the soil sample tube, and the joint of the percolation layer tube and the soil sample tube is hermetically connected; the soil sample tube is used for containing a soil sample, and the percolation layer tube is used for percolating eluviation passing through the soil sample tube.
Preferably, the infiltration layer is quartz sand; preferably, the soil column container is a PVC pipe; preferably, the eluviation collection element is a centrifuge tube; preferably, the fertilizer drip irrigation device is an infusion bag; preferably, the refrigeration device is a refrigerator; preferably, the leaching test device further comprises a gas collecting device for collecting reaction gas generated by the soil column container; preferably, the gas collecting device comprises a glass conduit, a three-way valve, an injector and a gas sampling bag, wherein one end of the glass conduit is hermetically connected with the upper end of the earth pillar container, the other end of the glass conduit is connected with the three-way valve, and the three-way valve is further respectively connected with the injector and the gas sampling bag.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out leaching test according to the leaching test device, which mainly comprises the following steps:
applying fertilizer to the soil sample in a drip irrigation mode;
collecting leaching water formed after the soil sample reacts, and refrigerating the leaching water in real time.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: and introducing an antioxidant gas into the collecting element during collection so as to enable the antioxidant gas to flow in the collecting element and the soil sample.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the anti-oxygen gas is nitrogen; preferably, the method further comprises collecting gas generated after the reaction; preferably, a percolation layer is arranged below the soil sample to reduce irregular flow of moisture caused by cutting off of capillaries at the bottom of the soil column; preferably, the infiltration layer is quartz sand; preferably, the shower water is refrigerated periodically. Preferably, the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer.
Aiming at one or more defects in the aspects of irrigation mode, soil environment simulation, eluviation water collection and the like in the research of the soil column device, the implementation mode of the invention can change the irrigation mode of the traditional flood irrigation, adopts a novel water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation simulation device, and is actually matched with the current intelligent and energy-saving accurate facility agricultural production; opaque PVC materials are used as a cylinder instead of transparent acrylic materials, so that the dark environment of soil is truly simulated; the interface of the column body and a centrifuge tube for receiving leaching water can be sealed by high sponge rubber, and nitrogen is conveyed in the centrifuge tube, so that the oxidation of soil and leaching water in the column can be prevented; by utilizing the combination device of the peristaltic pump and the timer, the eluviation water can be conveyed to a refrigerating device for freezing and storing in real time, and the influence of the temperature on the soil eluviation is reduced to the maximum extent.
In conclusion, the invention provides a scientific and attractive soil column device which integrates simulated fertilization, soil nutrient leaching, gas collection and leaching water real-time collection, and provides a powerful guarantee for the research on the aspect of farmland soil nutrient leaching loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a leaching test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a gas collecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a PVC pipe with soil columns according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection line structure after collecting eluviation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a drip irrigation device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1 earth pillar support, 2 earth pillar PVC pipes, 21 PVC pipes, 22 PVC pipes, 3 infusion bags, 4 centrifuging tubes, 5 nitrogen gas jar, 6 peristaltic pumps, 7 timing sockets, 8 power supplies, 9 centrifuging tubes, 10 refrigerators, 11 rubber plugs, 12 glass conduits, 13 three-way valves, 14 gas collection bags, 15 four-way connection, 16 quick-connect joint.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings so that the objects, features and advantages of the invention can be more clearly understood. It should be understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but are merely intended to illustrate the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention.
In order to be actually matched with the current intelligent and economical precise facility agricultural production, a novel water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation simulation device is adopted, so that the influence of temperature on the soil leaching solution is reduced to the maximum extent, and the leaching water can be conveyed to a refrigerating device in real time for freezing and storing; furthermore, the invention adopts an anti-oxidation measure in order to prevent the oxidation of soil and leaching water in the column. Specific embodiments are described below.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the device mainly comprises a fertilizer drip irrigation device, a soil column container, a leaching collecting element and a refrigeration device, wherein,
the fertilizer drip irrigation device is connected with an inlet of the soil column container and is used for inputting liquid fertilizer into the soil column container in a drip irrigation mode;
the soil column container is used for containing a soil column sample;
the inlet of the eluviation collecting element is connected with the bottom of the soil column container, and the eluviation collecting element is further connected with the refrigerating device so as to input collected eluviation water into the refrigerating device.
Above-mentioned technical scheme makes the eluviation water of collection can avoid because of the long temperature influence that produces of putting, drips irrigation moreover and more accords with actual scientific and technological fertilization situation.
Wherein, the drip irrigation device can be realized by adopting the existing device, and preferably, the infusion bag is adopted in the embodiment.
The soil column container can be any device for containing soil, the shape is not limited, and the test tube is preferably used for testing.
The leaching collecting element can also be any device for containing leaching liquid, the shape is not limited, and the test tube is preferably used for realizing the test.
The refrigerating device can also adopt the existing devices with refrigerating function, such as a refrigerator cabinet, a refrigerator and the like. The influence of the temperature on the soil leaching solution can be reduced to the maximum extent by refrigerating the leaching water.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the leaching test apparatus further comprises an antioxidant gas delivery device in communication with the leaching collection element. Thus preventing oxidation of the soil and leaching water in the column.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the oxygen-resistant gas delivery device is a nitrogen tank for feeding nitrogen into the leaching collection element.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the refrigeration device comprises a refrigeration element and a storage container, the storage container is arranged in the refrigeration element, and the storage container is communicated with the eluviation collection element. The storage container may also be a test tube.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the leaching test device further comprises a timing conveying unit, an inlet of the timing conveying unit is connected with the leaching collecting element, and an outlet of the timing conveying unit is connected with the refrigerating device so as to convey the collected leaching into the refrigerating device in a timing mode.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the timed delivery unit comprises a peristaltic pump and a timer which periodically activates the peristaltic pump to operate.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the soil column container comprises a soil sample tube and a percolation layer tube, wherein the percolation layer tube is arranged below the soil sample tube, and the joint of the percolation layer tube and the soil sample tube is hermetically connected; the soil sample tube is used for containing a soil sample, and the percolation layer tube is used for percolating the eluviated water passing through the soil sample tube so as to reduce irregular flow of water caused by cutting off of a capillary tube at the bottom of the soil column.
Preferably, the percolation layer is quartz sand.
Preferably, the soil column container is a PVC pipe, and an opaque PVC material rather than transparent acrylic is used as a column body, so that the dark environment of soil is truly simulated.
Preferably, the eluviation collection member is a centrifuge tube.
Preferably, the storage container is also a centrifuge tube.
Preferably, the fertilizer drop filling device is an infusion bag.
Preferably, the refrigeration device is a refrigerator.
Preferably, the leaching test device further comprises a gas collecting device for collecting reaction gas generated by the soil column container.
Preferably, the gas collecting device comprises a glass conduit, a three-way valve, an injector and a gas sampling bag, wherein one end of the glass conduit is hermetically connected with the upper end of the earth pillar container, the other end of the glass conduit is connected with the three-way valve, and the three-way valve is further respectively connected with the injector and the gas sampling bag.
The invention also provides a method for carrying out leaching test according to the leaching test device, which mainly comprises the following steps:
applying fertilizer to the soil sample in a drip irrigation mode;
collecting leaching water formed after the soil sample reacts, and refrigerating the leaching water in real time.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises: and introducing an antioxidant gas into the collecting element during collection so as to enable the antioxidant gas to flow in the collecting element and the soil sample.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the anti-oxygen gas is nitrogen; preferably, the method further comprises collecting gas generated after the reaction; preferably, a percolation layer is arranged below the soil sample to reduce irregular flow of moisture caused by cutting off of capillaries at the bottom of the soil column; preferably, the infiltration layer is quartz sand; preferably, the shower water is refrigerated periodically. Preferably, the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer.
Aiming at one or more defects in the aspects of irrigation mode, soil environment simulation, eluviation water collection and the like in the research of the soil column device, the implementation mode of the invention can change the irrigation mode of the traditional flood irrigation, adopts a novel water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation simulation device, and is actually matched with the current intelligent and energy-saving accurate facility agricultural production; opaque PVC materials are used as a cylinder instead of transparent acrylic materials, so that the dark environment of soil is truly simulated; the interface of the column body and a centrifuge tube for receiving leaching water can be sealed by high sponge rubber, and nitrogen is conveyed in the centrifuge tube, so that the oxidation of soil and leaching water in the column can be prevented; by utilizing the combination device of the peristaltic pump and the timer, the eluviation water can be conveyed to a refrigerating device for freezing and storing in real time, and the influence of the temperature on the soil eluviation is reduced to the maximum extent.
In conclusion, the invention provides a scientific and attractive soil column device which integrates simulated fertilization, soil nutrient leaching, gas collection and leaching water real-time collection, and provides a powerful guarantee for the research on the aspect of farmland soil nutrient leaching loss.
Examples
The embodiment can be realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a simulation is collected in real time and is drenched soil column device that dissolves water and greenhouse gas and gather, soil column device is by 30cm PVC pipe and 80cm PVC pipe, 0.3L aluminium foil gas collection bag 14 of valve is moulded to the side direction, the small-size peristaltic pump 6 of double-end of establishing ties, three-way valve 13, 50ml syringe, disposable bag transfusion system 3 (infusion bag), 3.9mm constant diameter through connection, sponge double faced adhesive tape, 5mm transparent silicon rubber hose, 4mm self-locking nylon ribbon, 2.4mm constant diameter four way connection, diameter 32mm PVC water pipe head, 120ml centrifuging tube 4, PVC quick connector, foamer etc. constitute.
As shown in fig. 1, the assembly of the earth pillar eluviation device is as follows:
be equipped with earth pillar PVC pipe 2 on the earth pillar support 1, infusion bag 3 is connected to 2 one ends of earth pillar PVC pipe, and 120ml centrifuging tube 4 is connected to 2 other ends of earth pillar PVC pipe, and nitrogen gas jar 5 and peristaltic pump 6 are connected respectively again to centrifuging tube 4, and peristaltic pump 6 is connected timing socket 7 (as the timer), and timing socket 7 connects power 8.
The earth pillar gas collection assembly is as follows:
as shown in figure 2, a rubber plug 11 is used for connecting a soil column PVC pipe 2, a glass conduit 12 is inserted into the rubber plug 11, namely the glass conduit can extend into the soil column PVC pipe 2, the glass conduit 12 is simultaneously connected with a three-way valve 13, and the three-way valve 13 is connected with a gas collecting bag 14.
The earth pillar support 1 can be cast by iron and stainless steel materials, the length of the bottom plate is 700mm, the width is 400mm, 4 iron pillars with the diameter of 20mm and the height of 150mm are welded on the bottom plate, 20 x 1510mm stainless steel hollow columns are sleeved outside the iron pillars, the other ends of the stainless steel columns are inserted into 4 columns of the rectangular frame, so that the cuboid hollow earth pillar support is formed, 3 pressure-bearing steel plates with the diameter of 280 x 630mm are arranged in the middle of the support at intervals from top to bottom, four corners of the steel plates are fixed with the stainless steel columns by screws, and 4 rows and 9 rows of 36 round holes with the diameter of 40mm are chiseled on each pressure-bearing steel plate. 4 cross bars which can be freely taken are embedded into the top of the bracket, so that the infusion bag 3 filled with water-soluble fertilizer can be conveniently hung.
The relevant settings of the soil column PVC pipe 2 are as follows: PVC pipes provided with a soil column sample reaction system can be placed in each round hole on the pressure-bearing steel plate, the specification of the PVC pipes can be 32mm in inner diameter and 34mm in outer diameter, and the PVC pipes respectively have two lengths of 300mm and 800mm so as to facilitate later sampling.
The related settings of the sample reaction system in the PVC pipe are as follows: quartz sand with the height of 300mm is filled in the PVC pipe 21 with the depth of 300mm and is used as a soil leaching liquid seepage layer to reduce the irregular flow of water caused by the cutting of a capillary tube at the bottom of the soil column; the PVC pipe 22 with the depth of 800mm is placed on the upper part of the PVC pipe with the depth of 300mm, the soil sample is filled in the PVC pipe 22, the PVC pipe is layered according to the depths of 020cm, 2040cm and 4060cm of field soil, then the soil is sieved by a 2mm sieve, and the PVC pipe 22 with the depth of 800mm is sequentially filled in. As shown in figure 3, the joint of two PVC pipes is fixed by using a PVC quick-connection joint 16 with the diameter of 32mm, so as to play a role in strengthening the fixation and preventing water. The bottom of the integral column PVC pipe 2 was sealed with a 3-layer 200 mesh nylon screen (not shown).
The related settings of the 120ml centrifuge tube 4: chiseling the round hole of diameter 35mm on centrifuge tube 4's the lid, inserting the earth pillar PVC pipe 2 that the nylon wire sealed in the round hole to use the kneck of high sponge rubber sealed centrifuge tube lid and earth pillar PVC pipe, reduce the entering of oxygen. The tube wall of the centrifuge tube 4 is chiseled with 2 holes with the diameter of 4.5 mm.
The related setting of the nitrogen tank 5: a silicone tube with the diameter of 4mm is inserted into a hole in the tube wall of the centrifugal tube 4, as shown in FIG. 4, the silicone tubes under PVC tubes of different soil columns are connected in series through a 2.4mm equal-diameter four-way joint 15 and then connected with a 40L nitrogen tank 5 (ordinary nitrogen gas: with the concentration of 99.7%), and nitrogen gas is continuously conveyed into the centrifugal tube 4 to inhibit the oxidation of soil and leaching water in the columns.
The relative arrangement of the peristaltic pump 6: another hole on the tube wall of the centrifuge tube 4 is inserted with a 4mm silicone tube to connect the series double-head small peristaltic pump 6.
The relative arrangement of the timing socket 7: the 18 small peristaltic pumps 6 are connected in series and then connected into the timing socket 7.
The related setting of the showering water output silicone tube: and a 4mm silicone tube is connected to the outlet of the peristaltic pump 6, and the showering water is output.
The related settings of the 50ml centrifuge tube 9: the eluviation water is output to a 50ml centrifuge tube 9 through a silicone tube, a round hole with the diameter of 4.5mm is chiseled on the cover of the centrifuge tube 9, and the silicone tube is inserted and the interface is fixed by 502 glue.
Relevant settings of the refrigerator 10: the eluviated water is conveyed to a centrifuge tube 9 in a refrigerator 10 for freezing and storing in real time through a silicone tube outputting the eluviated water by utilizing a combination device of a peristaltic pump 6 and a timer. The refrigerator is set at-20 deg.C, a hole with a diameter of 80mm is opened at the upper part of the cover of the refrigerator 10, all the silicone tubes for outputting the showering water are inserted into the hole, and the gap part is sealed by using a high-density foaming agent to ensure the low-temperature environment (-20 deg.C) of the refrigerator 10.
The related settings of the infusion bag 3 are as follows: the modified disposable bag type infusion apparatus, namely the infusion bag 3 is hung on the top cross bar of the earth pillar support 1, water-soluble fertilizer is injected into the infusion bag 3 through the hose at the top of the infusion bag, and as shown in figure 5, the hose at the lower part of the infusion bag 3 is provided with a flow rate regulator which is responsible for drip-irrigating the water-soluble fertilizer into the corresponding earth pillar PVC pipe 2.
The rubber stopper 11 is arranged in the following way: the rubber stopper 11 is thin at the lower part and thick at the upper part, the diameters are respectively 25mm and 40mm, and the height is 25 mm.
Relative arrangement of the glass guide tube 12: a high borosilicate right-angle glass conduit 12 with the diameter of 6mm and the length of 120+120mm is inserted into the rubber stopper 11. When greenhouse gas is collected, take away disposable infusion bag 3, the rubber stopper goes into 2 mouths of earth pillar PVC pipe.
The related arrangement of the three-way valve 13: the other end of the glass conduit 12 is connected with a silicone tube with the diameter of 4mm and connected with a port A of a three-way valve, a port B of the three-way valve is connected with a 50ml syringe with a needle, and a port C of the three-way valve is connected with a 0.5L aluminum foil gas collecting bag 14 through a silicone tube with the diameter of 7 mm. Before gas production, the gas guide pipe is emptied, the air bag is emptied, then the gas in the PVC pipe of the soil column is extracted, and the gas is slowly pushed into the gas collecting bag 14, repeated for 3 times and mixed uniformly. The greenhouse gas conditions were monitored on day 1 after fertilization and on day 2 after irrigation, respectively.
The PVC pipe filled with the soil sample can simulate the dark environment of soil; the improved disposable bag type infusion apparatus is filled with water-soluble fertilizer, and drip irrigation and fertilizer application can be realized through the flow speed regulator. The top of the PVC pipe is sealed by a rubber plug and is connected with a three-way valve through a glass pipe, and the other two ends of the three-way valve are respectively connected with a 50ml syringe (a needle is removed) and a gas collecting bag, so that the collection of greenhouse gas can be realized. The bottom of the PVC pipe is connected with a centrifugal pipe to receive leaching water, the joint is sealed by using high-density foam rubber, the centrifugal pipe chisels 2 holes with the diameter of 4.5mm on the pipe wall respectively, and one hole is inserted into a silicone tube and connected in series to be connected with a nitrogen tank, so that the anaerobic environment of underground soil can be simulated, and the oxidation of the leaching water is inhibited; the other hole is inserted with a silicone tube and connected with a 24V small peristaltic pump, and the eluvial water is conveyed to a refrigerator for freezing and storage in real time by utilizing a combined device of the peristaltic pump and a timer.
In a word, the consumables used by the invention are all test consumables, and the manufacturing cost is low; the device is simple, the operability is strong, the parameters are controllable, the metering is accurate, and the test of soil column simulation soil nutrient leaching can be completely realized in a laboratory.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, and various components and devices of the embodiments may be changed or eliminated as desired, not all components shown in the drawings are necessarily required, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and all equivalent changes and modifications based on the technical solutions of the present invention should not be excluded from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A leaching test device is characterized by comprising a fertilizer drip irrigation device, a soil column container, a leaching collection element and a refrigeration device, wherein,
the fertilizer drip irrigation device is connected with an inlet of the soil column container and is used for inputting liquid fertilizer into the soil column container in a drip irrigation mode;
the soil column container is used for placing a soil sample;
the inlet of the eluviation collecting element is connected with the bottom of the soil column container, and the eluviation collecting element is further connected with the refrigerating device so as to input collected eluviation water into the refrigerating device.
2. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an antioxidant gas delivery device in communication with the leaching collection element.
3. The leaching test apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the oxygen-resistant gas delivery apparatus is a nitrogen tank.
4. The leaching test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the refrigerating apparatus comprises a refrigerating element and a storage container, the storage container is arranged in the refrigerating element, and the storage container is communicated with the leaching collecting element.
5. The leaching test device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a timing conveying unit, wherein an inlet of the timing conveying unit is connected with the leaching collecting element, and an outlet of the timing conveying unit is connected with the refrigerating device so as to convey the collected leaching water into the refrigerating device in a timing manner.
6. The elusion testing device of claim 5, wherein the timed delivery unit comprises a peristaltic pump and a timer that periodically activates the peristaltic pump to operate.
7. The leaching test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 6, wherein the soil column container comprises a soil sample tube and a percolation layer tube, the percolation layer tube is placed below the soil sample tube, and the junction of the percolation layer tube and the percolation layer tube is hermetically connected; the soil sample tube is used for containing a soil sample, and the percolation layer tube is used for percolating the leaching water passing through the soil sample tube; preferably, the infiltration layer is quartz sand; preferably, the soil column container is a PVC pipe; preferably, the eluviation collection element is a centrifuge tube; preferably, the fertilizer drip irrigation device is an infusion bag; preferably, the refrigeration device is a refrigerator; preferably, the leaching test device further comprises a gas collecting device for collecting reaction gas generated by the soil column container; preferably, the gas collecting device comprises a glass conduit, a three-way valve, an injector and a gas sampling bag, wherein one end of the glass conduit is hermetically connected with the upper end of the earth pillar container, the other end of the glass conduit is connected with the three-way valve, and the three-way valve is further respectively connected with the injector and the gas sampling bag.
8. A method of performing an elution test with the elution test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises:
applying fertilizer to the soil sample in a drip irrigation mode;
collecting leaching water formed after the soil sample reacts, and refrigerating the leaching water in real time.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: and introducing an antioxidant gas into the collecting element during collection so as to enable the antioxidant gas to flow in the collecting element and the soil sample.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the oxygen-resistant gas is nitrogen; preferably, the method further comprises collecting gas generated after the reaction; preferably, a percolation layer is arranged below the soil sample to reduce irregular flow of moisture caused by cutting off of capillaries at the bottom of the soil column; preferably, the infiltration layer is quartz sand; preferably, the leaching water is refrigerated regularly, and preferably, the fertilizer is a water-soluble fertilizer.
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| CN202010532359.9A CN111679057A (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Leaching test device and test method |
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| CN202010532359.9A CN111679057A (en) | 2020-06-11 | 2020-06-11 | Leaching test device and test method |
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