CN111670863A - Lamb fattening method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a lamb fattening method, and belongs to the field of livestock and poultry breeding. The method of the invention adjusts the feeding period of the lambs to be 4 months, and combines a certain feeding mode, thereby not only increasing the batch of lambs which are slaughtered every year, but also greatly reducing the feeding cost and the labor cost, simultaneously being capable of producing high-end fresh and tender mutton products, and being capable of obviously increasing the economic benefit of breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of livestock and poultry breeding, particularly relates to a lamb fattening method, and particularly relates to a lamb fast fattening and timely slaughtering method.
Background
Nowadays, the material culture life of people is continuously improved, and meat food with high quality, nutrition, health and safety is strongly pursued. In order to comply with this demand, rapid short-term fattening and maximization of benefits become core issues of concern to breeders. At present, the fattening of the lambs is mainly based on the slaughter of 6 months, the fattening time is long, the longer the fattening period of the lambs is in the actual production process, the greater the risk caused by internal and external problems is, and the higher the breeding cost is.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of one or more of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a lamb fattening method, comprising the steps of:
1) and (3) lactation:
wherein the lactation period is 0-40 days old, and the specific feeding operation comprises the following steps: feeding colostrum for 2h after the lamb birth, cutting off the tail for 6-8d, starting to enter a stall period for 15d, and ending for 40 d; the lambs are fed in the barn in the lactation period, the lamb barn has a playground, the average temperature of the lamb barn is 14-17 ℃, and the average relative humidity is 35-38%;
2) fattening period I
Wherein the fattening period I is 41-100 days old, and the specific feeding operation comprises the following steps: checking whether the lamb has internal and external parasites, doing epidemic prevention and treatment work, and providing sufficient and clean drinking water; the average temperature of the sheep pen is 20-24 ℃, the average relative humidity is 49-53%, and each lamb is fed with 0.9-1.1kg of first daily ration every day for 2 times every day;
3) fattening period II
Wherein the fattening period II is 101-120 days old, and the specific feeding operation comprises the following steps: shearing the lambs at least once in the fattening period II, wherein the average temperature of the sheep house is 21-25 ℃, the average relative humidity is 66-70%, and each lamb is fed with 1.4-1.6kg of second daily ration every day for 2 times every day.
In the method, in the step 1), the hurdle time between the lambs and the mother body every day is gradually prolonged in the hurdle period, and the lambs are fed in the hurdle time.
The time of the daily lamb and mother in the stall period is as follows:
the daily stall time of 15-19-day-old lambs is 5.5-6.5 h;
the time of the 20-24-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is 7.5-8.5 hours;
the daily stall time of 25-29-day-old lambs is 9.5-10.5 h;
the daily stall time of the lambs of 30-40 days is 11.5-12.5 h.
The time period of the lamb every day at the stalls is as follows:
the time period of the daily stalls of 15-19-day-old lambs is as follows: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 15:30-18: 30;
the time period of the 20-24-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is as follows: 7:30-11:30, afternoon: 15:00-19: 00;
the time period of the 25-29-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is as follows: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 11:00-18: 00;
the time period of the daily stalls of the lambs of 30-40 days old is 7:30-19: 30.
The supplementary feeding of lambs in the time of the stalls comprises the following steps: free feeding of the pellets, free drinking of the lambs, licking of salt bricks and/or free feeding of silage or hay.
The main components of the granular material are corn, fermented bean-cypress, probiotics, an enzyme preparation, salt, calcium hydrophosphate, amino acid, a trace element premix, a vitamin premix and choline chloride; the nutrient components and contents of the granular material meet the following requirements: water content is less than or equal to 13.5%, crude protein is more than or equal to 21.0%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 11.0%, crude ash content is less than or equal to 10.0%, calcium: 0.5-1.4%, total phosphorus not less than 0.4%, salt: 1.1-1.4 percent of lysine and more than or equal to 1.5 percent of lysine.
In the method, the first daily ration in the step 2) meets the following requirements: the digestion energy is more than or equal to 11.35 percent, the metabolic energy is more than or equal to 9.34 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 16.55 percent, and the calcium: 0.4-0.5 percent of phosphorus, and more than or equal to 0.25 percent of phosphorus.
In the above method, the second ration in step 3) satisfies: the digestion energy is more than or equal to 11.83 percent, the metabolic energy is more than or equal to 9.72 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 14.61 percent, and the calcium: 0.3 to 0.4 percent of phosphorus, and more than or equal to 0.26 percent of phosphorus.
The lamb is selected from male lamb with chest circumference of more than or equal to 37.09cm at age of 0 day and/or female lamb with body slant length of more than or equal to 30.80cm at age of 0 day.
The lamb fattening method based on the technical scheme adjusts the feeding period of the lambs to be 4 months from 6 months in the prior art, can increase slaughter batches, and changes annual slaughter batches from 2 to 3, greatly reduces the feeding cost and labor cost, can ensure the quality of slaughter lambs through a proper feeding method, produces high-end fresh and tender mutton products, and can obviously increase the breeding economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the average daily gain of rams of example 1 over a 6 month feeding period;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the average daily gain of ewes of example 1 over a 6 month feeding period;
FIG. 3 is a weight gain curve of the ram of example 1 over a 6-month feeding period;
FIG. 4 is a weight gain curve of ewes of example 1 during a 6-month feeding period;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the average daily gain of the rams of example 2 over a 6 month feeding period;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the average daily gain of ewes of example 2 over a 6 month feeding period;
FIG. 7 is a weight gain curve of ram of example 2 over a 6-month feeding period;
FIG. 8 is a weight gain curve of ewes of example 2 during a 6-month feeding period.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, which are provided only for the understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The lambs used for feeding in the following examples are duhu hybrid F1 lambs (a farm in north Hebei province (40 ° 37 'north latitude, 115 ° 8' east longitude, elevation 680m)), which are fed with the mother after birth, and are weaned at 40 days old and then enter the fattening period.
Example 1
In this example, 5 male lambs with chest circumference of 40cm, 39cm, 41cm, 40cm and 44cm (37.09 cm or more) and 5 female lambs with oblique body lengths of 33cm, 34cm, 32cm, 34cm and 33cm (30.80 cm or more) at birth (0 day old) are selected. Feeding the chickens at the lactation period before, during and after fattening, wherein the feeding mode is as follows:
1) lactation period (0-40 days old)
After birth, the lambs eat colostrum (colostrum is rich in nutrition and can improve the immunity of the lambs, so that digestive enzymes are secreted by the stomach and the intestinal tract as early as possible, digestion and absorption are facilitated, more magnesium salts are contained, the laxation effect is achieved, harmful substances in the intestinal tract can be eliminated, the discharge of meconium is promoted, the growth of the lambs is facilitated, the tail is broken about 7d (the tail can be broken to improve the feed conversion rate, the lambs are attractive in shape, the rear-drive is full, the tail is dried, the rear-drive foul smell can be effectively reduced in summer, the bacterial reproduction is avoided, the operation of natural mating and artificial insemination technology is facilitated), the lambs are careless to take care, and the situation that the lambs cause the diarrhea due to dyspepsia because of excessive eating. The lamb is fed in a barn feeding way in the lactation period and has a playground. The lambs started the supplementary feeding in the jube at 15d and ended at 40 d. The supplementary feeding is carried out on the barriers every day, the young lambs are 15-19 days old for about 6 hours (7: 30-10:30 in the morning and 15:30-18:30 in the afternoon), 20-24 days old for about 8 hours (7: 30-11:30 in the morning and 15:00-19:00 in the afternoon), 25-30 days old for about 10 hours (7: 30-10:30 in the morning and 11:00-18:00 in the afternoon) and 30-40 days old for about 12 hours (7:30-19:30 in the afternoon), the defects of stress response and immunity reduction of the lambs caused by the barriers are overcome, the separation time of the lambs and the parents is solidified, scientific refined feeding benefits can be provided for early lamb weaning lamb, early lamb estrus promotion, lamb mount, lamb number improvement and the like, and the economic benefit of breeding can be obviously increased. The main ingredients of the feed granules (Yangbaoqiang: Zhengzhou Yihai animal husbandry Limited) during the fence period are as follows: corn, fermented soybean meal, probiotics, an enzyme preparation, salt, calcium hydrophosphate, amino acid, a microelement premix, a vitamin premix, choline chloride and the like; the nutrient contents and the guaranteed values are shown in table 1. The average temperature of the lambs in the lactation period is 14-17 ℃ (such as 15 ℃), and the average relative humidity is 35-38% (such as 37%).
Table 1: granular material nutrient content and guaranteed value
2) Fattening early stage (41-100 days old)
Firstly, whether internal and external parasites exist or not needs to be checked, epidemic prevention and treatment work is well done, sufficient and clean drinking water is provided, and the colony house is dry and sanitary, so that the fattening effect is ensured. The average temperature of the sheep house at the early stage of fattening is 20-24 ℃ (21 ℃ for example), the average relative humidity is 49-53% (51% for example), each lamb is fed with 0.9-1.1kg (1.0 kg for example) of the first daily ration for 2 times a day, and the composition and the main nutrient components of the first daily ration are shown in Table 2.
Table 2: the first day food composition and main nutrient components
Note: the premix can be provided for each kilogram of diet: vitamin A280000 IU, vitamin D360000 IU, vitamin E800 IU, vitamin B1300mg of vitamin B2150mg of vitamin B640mg, 200mg of calcium pantothenate, 4000mg of choline, 1600mg of iron, 250mg of copper, 1400mg of manganese, 1600mg of zinc, 10mg of iodine, 10mg of cobalt, 6mg of selenium and 25.7% of calcium.
3) Middle fattening period (101 to 130 days old)
During the period, the growth speed of the lambs is the fastest, and the lambs need to be sheared for 1 time, so that the utilization rate of the feed is improved. The average temperature of the sheep house in the middle fattening period is 21-25 ℃ (such as 23 ℃) and the average relative humidity is 66-70% (such as 68%), each lamb is fed with 1.4-1.6kg (such as 1.5kg) of second daily ration every day, the second daily ration composition and the main nutrient components are shown in Table 3.
Table 3: secondary ration composition and main nutrient component
Note: the premix can be provided for each kilogram of diet: vitamin A280000 IU, vitamin D360000 IU, vitamin E800 IU, vitamin B1300mg of vitamin B2150mg of vitamin B640mg, 200mg of calcium pantothenate, 4000mg of choline, 1600mg of iron, 250mg of copper, 1400mg of manganese, 1600mg of zinc, 10mg of iodine, 10mg of cobalt, 6mg of selenium and 25.7% of calcium.
4) Late fattening (131 to 180 days old)
In this period, the weight of the lambs is heavier, and strict epidemic prevention and treatment measures are required so as to avoid great economic loss caused by improper operation. The average temperature of the sheep pen in the later fattening period is about 17 ℃, the relative humidity is about 60%, each lamb is fed with about 2kg of third daily ration every day, the third daily ration is fed for 2 times every day, and the composition and the main nutrient components of the third daily ration are shown in table 4.
Table 4: third daily ration composition and main nutrient components
Note: the premix can be provided for each kilogram of diet: vitamin A280000 IU, vitamin D360000 IU, vitamin E800 IU, vitamin B1300mg of vitamin B2150mg of vitamin B640mg, 200mg of calcium pantothenate, 4000mg of choline, 1600mg of iron, 250mg of copper, 1400mg of manganese, 1600mg of zinc, 10mg of iodine, 10mg of cobalt, 6mg of selenium and 25.7% of calcium.
5) And (6) marketing.
As shown in figure 1, the average daily gain curve of the ram in the feeding period within 6 months shows that the average daily gain of 0-30 days old is 200.67(g/d), the average daily gain of 90-120 days old is 433.33(g/d), the average daily gain of 150-180 days old is 175.84(g/d), the average daily gain of the lambs is in an increasing trend before 120 days old, and the daily gain of 120-180 days old is in a decreasing trend. As shown in figure 2, the average daily gain curve of the ewe in the feeding period within 6 months shows that the average daily gain of 0-30 days old is 187.50(g/d), the average daily gain of 90-120 days old is 347.78(g/d), the average daily gain of 150-180 days old is 198.89(g/d), like the change of the average daily gain of a male lamb, the average daily gain of a female lamb also takes 120 days old as an inflection point, the female lamb is in an ascending trend before 120 days old, the female lamb reaches the highest 90-120 days old, and the female lamb gradually decreases at 120-180 days old.
As shown in figure 3, the weight change curve of the ram in the feeding period of 6 months shows that the weights of 0-6 months old male lambs are respectively 4.44kg, 10.46kg, 18.38kg, 28.99kg, 40.83kg, 46.43kg and 50.49 kg. Wherein the male lambs have faster weight gain at 0-4 months and slow weight gain at 5-6 months. As shown in FIG. 4, the weight change curves of the ewes in the 6-month feeding period show that the weights of the ewes at 0-6 months are respectively 3.78kg, 9.95kg, 16.57kg, 26.27kg, 34.57kg, 42.60kg and 48.57 kg. The weight growth rule of female lambs is the same as that of male lambs, the growth rate of female lambs is faster at 0-4 months, and the growth rate of female lambs is slower at 5-6 months.
The lamb is 0-4 months old, the daily ration cost is about 2.5 yuan/d, and the lamb is raised to 4 months old, and the cost is about 300 yuan; the daily ration cost of the lambs of 5 and 6 months of age is about 3 yuan/d, the feeding cost is about 180 yuan, and 480 yuan is needed when the lambs are fed to 6 months of age. Therefore, the feeding cost of 0-4 months is less than that of feeding to 5-6 months, the weight gain speed is more than that of 5-6 months, the feeding time is shorter than that of feeding lambs to 5-6 months, in addition, the fattening period is shortened, the marketing batches can be increased, and the marketing batch is changed from 2 to 3. And, the feeding cost of the 5 and 6-month-old lambs is more invested with the increase of the weight of the lambs (such as maintenance and protection of a colony house, wage of workers, epidemic prevention and treatment). Therefore, in order to pursue the maximum breeding benefit, the bred lambs are selected to be slaughtered at 4 months of age, namely the breeding period (0-40 days of age), the fattening period I (41-100 days of age, the breeding mode is the same as the early fattening period) and the fattening period II (101 days of age, 120 days of age, the breeding mode is the same as the middle fattening period), so that the breeding cost can be saved, and high-end fresh and tender mutton products can be obtained.
Example 2:
this example selects 5 male lambs with chest circumference at birth (0 day old) of 31.5cm, 33cm, 34cm (<37.09cm) and female lambs with oblique body lengths of 29cm, 28cm, 26cm, 27cm (<30.80cm), respectively. Feeding is carried out in the lactation period, before, in the middle and in the late fattening period, and the feeding mode is the same as that of the example 1.
Fig. 5 shows an average daily gain curve of the ram during the feeding period within 6 months, and it can be seen that the average daily gain of the male lambs is divided by the age of 120 days, and the average daily gain of the male lambs tends to increase first and then decrease. Wherein the average daily gain is 317.22(g/d) when the weight is 90-120 days old, 60-90 days old and 30-60 days old, the average daily gain is 305.00(g/d) and 214.44(g/d) respectively, and the average daily gain is 147.93(g/d) when the weight is 0-30 days old. As shown in FIG. 6, the average daily gain curve of female lambs in the feeding period of 6 months shows that the average daily gain curve of female lambs is similar to that of male lambs, and shows a trend that the average daily gain gradually increases and then decreases along with the increase of the day age, wherein the average daily gain of 90-120 days is the highest and is 322.66(g/d), the average daily gain of 60-90 days and 30-60 days is respectively 300.00(g/d) and 206.11(g/d), and the average daily gain of 0-30 days is the lowest and is 157.00 (g/d).
As shown in FIG. 7, the weight change curve of ram in the feeding period of 6 months shows that the weights of rams 0-6 months are respectively 2.82kg, 7.26kg, 13.69kg, 25kg, 34.52kg, 35.31kg and 39.98 kg. Wherein the male lambs have faster weight gain at 0-4 months and slow weight gain at 5-6 months. As shown in FIG. 8, the weight change curves of the ewes in the 6-month feeding period show that the weight of the ewes at 0-6 months of age is respectively 2.61kg, 7.32kg, 15.67kg, 21.85kg, 31.53kg, 35.81kg and 39.75 kg. The weight of the mother lambs at 0-6 months generally increases linearly, the weight of the mother lambs at 0-4 months is increased faster, and the weight of the mother lambs at 5-6 months is increased slowly.
In summary of the results of examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that when the selected lambs are male lambs with 0-day-old chest circumference of 37.09cm (preferably 39cm) or female lambs with 0-day-old body slant of 30.80cm (preferably 32cm) (i.e. example 1), the average daily gain and weight of the lambs are significantly greater than that of the female lambs with 0-day-old chest circumference of 37.09cm or 0-day-old body slant of 30.80cm (i.e. example 2), so that the lambs are preferably male lambs with 0-day-old chest circumference of 37.09cm and/or female lambs with 0-day-old body slant of 30.80cm (i.e. example 2), and the feeding lambs with 0-day-old chest circumference of 30.09 cm or more are selected as the feeding lambs of the method provided by the present invention, and therefore, the economic benefits of the lambs are significantly greater.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A lamb fattening method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) lactation:
wherein the lactation period is 0-40 days old, and the specific feeding operation comprises the following steps: feeding colostrum for 2h after the lamb birth, cutting off the tail for 6-8d, starting to enter a stall period for 15d, and ending for 40 d; the lambs are fed in the barn in the lactation period, the lamb barn has a playground, the average temperature of the lamb barn is 14-17 ℃, and the average relative humidity is 35-38%;
2) fattening period I
Wherein the fattening period I is 41-100 days old, and the specific feeding operation comprises the following steps: checking whether the lamb has internal and external parasites, doing epidemic prevention and treatment work, and providing sufficient and clean drinking water; the average temperature of the sheep pen is 20-24 ℃, the average relative humidity is 49-53%, and each lamb is fed with 0.9-1.1kg of first daily ration every day for 2 times every day;
3) fattening period II
Wherein the fattening period II is 101-120 days old, and the specific feeding operation comprises the following steps: shearing the lambs at least once in the fattening period II, wherein the average temperature of the shed is 21-25 ℃, the average relative humidity is 66-70%, and each lamb is fed with 1.4-1.6kg of second daily ration every day for 2 times every day.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step 1) gradually extends the daily lamb-to-maternal stall period during said stall period and lambs are fed during said stall period.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the daily lamb and maternal compartment times during the compartment period are:
the daily stall time of 15-19-day-old lambs is 5.5-6.5 h;
the time of the 20-24-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is 7.5-8.5 hours;
the daily stall time of 25-29-day-old lambs is 9.5-10.5 h;
the daily stall time of the lambs of 30-40 days is 11.5-12.5 h.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said lamb daily compartment is given by:
the time period of the daily stalls of 15-19-day-old lambs is as follows: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 15:30-18: 30;
the time period of the 20-24-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is as follows: 7:30-11:30, afternoon: 15:00-19: 00;
the time period of the 25-29-day-old lambs in the hurdle every day is as follows: 7:30-10:30, afternoon: 11:00-18: 00;
the time period of the daily stalls of the lambs of 30-40 days old is 7:30-19: 30.
5. The method according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein said supplementary feeding of lambs during the time of the stall comprises: free feeding of the pellets, free drinking of the lambs, licking of salt bricks and/or free feeding of silage or hay.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the main ingredients of the granule are corn, fermented bean-cypress, prebiotics, enzyme preparation, salt, calcium hydrogen phosphate, amino acids, trace element premix, vitamin premix, choline chloride; the nutrient components and contents of the granular material meet the following requirements: water content is less than or equal to 13.5%, crude protein is more than or equal to 21.0%, crude fiber is less than or equal to 11.0%, crude ash content is less than or equal to 10.0%, calcium: 0.5-1.4%, total phosphorus not less than 0.4%, salt: 1.1-1.4 percent of lysine and more than or equal to 1.5 percent of lysine.
7. The method of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first daily ration in step 2) satisfies: the digestion energy is more than or equal to 11.35 percent, the metabolic energy is more than or equal to 9.34 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 16.55 percent, and the calcium: 0.4-0.5 percent of phosphorus, and more than or equal to 0.25 percent of phosphorus.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the second ration in step 3) satisfies: the digestion energy is more than or equal to 11.83 percent, the metabolic energy is more than or equal to 9.72 percent, the crude protein is more than or equal to 14.61 percent, and the calcium: 0.3 to 0.4 percent of phosphorus, and more than or equal to 0.26 percent of phosphorus.
9. The method according to any of claims 1-8, wherein said lambs are selected as male lambs with a breast size at 0 days of age of greater than 37.09cm and/or female lambs with a body bias at 0 days of age of greater than 30.80 cm.
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