CN111670702B

CN111670702B - Myrtle hardwood cutting method

Info

Publication number: CN111670702B
Application number: CN202010501575.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨玲; 邓书林; 邱声祥; 林丹妮; 李顺; 方雪珊
Original assignee: South China Botanical Garden of CAS
Current assignee: GUANGZHOU LEADER BIO-TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
Priority date: 2020-06-04
Filing date: 2020-06-04
Publication date: 2022-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-04
Also published as: CN111670702A

Abstract

The invention relates to a myrtle hardwood cutting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a seedbed: the seedbed matrix of the seedbed consists of the following components in percentage by volume: 5-20% of humus soil, 30-50% of river sand, 20-40% of vermiculite and 10-30% of loess; (2) sterilizing the seedbed; (3) collecting and processing the cutting shoots: selecting new branches which grow vigorously and grow on the myrtle stock plant and do not grow completely lignified in the last year, taking the lower parts or the bases of the branches as cutting shoots, and leaving 2-3 plump buds and 2-3 leaves for each cutting shoot; (4) pre-treating the cutting slips: soaking the obtained cutting in growth hormone water solution; (5) cutting; (6) managing after cuttage: the seedbed matrix is disinfected and the moisture is managed regularly. The method provided by the invention can be used for remarkably improving the survival rate of the myrtle cutting seedling.

Description

Myrtle hardwood cutting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a myrtle hardwood cutting method.

Background

Myrtle (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (air.) Hask) is a evergreen small shrub of Myrtaceae, namely Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Amaranthus montanus, Myrtus communis and the like, and is produced in southern China provinces; the ecological floating bed mainly grows in hilly shrubs and barren mountain lawns, habits like sunny, warm and humid environments, acid soil and barren-resistant soil, generally distributed in sparse forests on low slopes, short evergreen shrubs and tropical plants are relatively drought-resistant and are very common on hills with red and yellow loam and in two wide areas. The myrtle integrates the functions of appreciation, medicine, nutrition, health care and the like, has dark green leaves, bright color and edible fruits, has high appreciation value and edible and medicinal values, is an excellent wild plant resource, greatly contributes to afforestation and water and soil conservation of barren mountains in south China, and is also an important honey source, medicine and spice tree species.

The myrtle is a traditional Chinese medicinal material, mainly takes roots, leaves and fruits as the raw materials, and has sweet, astringent and mild properties and taste; has the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, astringing, relieving diarrhea, regulating qi-flowing, relieving pain, dispelling pathogenic wind, activating collaterals, removing blood stasis, stopping bleeding, preventing miscarriage, etc., has sweet and slightly astringent taste when the fruit is completely mature, has attractive mauve juice, and is rich in various active ingredients such as polysaccharide, tannin, flavonoid, anthocyanin, etc. Research shows that the myrtle polysaccharide has the functions of resisting oxidation, protecting liver and the like. The myrtle has high medical and health care values and great economic benefit.

However, in China, the myrtle is widely distributed, but is scattered in nature, and large-scale artificial planting is not realized. Moreover, the germination rate of the myrtle seeds is very low, and the myrtle seeds are difficult to propagate in a large scale by using a sowing mode. When the traditional cuttage method is applied to the seedling raising of the myrtle, the general survival rate is not high particularly when perennial myrtle branches are adopted for cuttage seedling raising. For example, the literature, "first report on cuttage propagation test of myrtle" discloses that the rooting rate is improved by adopting Qi kang carbon black as a seedbed substrate and treating cuttings with rooting powder, but the result shows that the highest rooting rate of the myrtle cuttage is 38%, and the average rooting rate is only 21.4%. A method for promoting rooting of cuttage seedlings of myrtle by using coconut chaff as a seedbed matrix and selecting IBA and NAA as growth regulators is disclosed in the document 'influence of IBA and NAA on cuttage propagation of myrtle'. However, the cuttings in the above documents use 1-year-old branches, and although the 1-year-old branches are beneficial to increasing the survival rate of cutting when cutting, the growth of the myrtle plants is very slow, the number of the 1-year-old branches is small, the material selection is very limited, and the growth of the plant mother plants is seriously adversely affected. The inventor of the invention finds that the general survival rate is very low when the inventor carries out cuttage on the myrtle branches growing for more than 3 years by using the cuttage method in the document, and the industrialized planting popularization of the myrtle cannot be realized. Therefore, a method for improving the survival rate of perennial myrtle branches is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the above, the invention aims to provide a myrtle hardwood cutting method, which can remarkably improve the survival rate of myrtle cutting seedlings, and particularly can improve the survival rate of perennial myrtle cutting seedlings.

The specific scheme is as follows:

a myrtle hardwood cutting method comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a seedbed: the seedbed matrix of the seedbed consists of the following components in percentage by volume: 5-20% of humus soil, 30-50% of river sand, 20-40% of vermiculite and 10-30% of loess;

(2) and (3) seedbed disinfection: sterilizing the seedbed substrate with a disinfectant;

(3) collecting and processing the cutting shoots: selecting strong new branches which grow on the mother plant of the myrtle and grow in the last year and are not completely lignified, taking the lower parts or the bases of the branches as cutting slips, and leaving 2-3 plump buds and 2-3 leaves for each cutting slip;

(4) pre-treating the cutting slips: soaking the obtained cutting in growth hormone water solution;

(5) cuttage: cutting the pretreated cutting slips in a seedbed matrix;

(6) managing after cuttage: the seedbed matrix is disinfected and the moisture is managed regularly.

In some of these embodiments, the seedbed matrix is composed of the following components in volume percent: 5-15% of humus soil, 35-45% of river sand, 25-35% of vermiculite and 15-25% of loess.

In some of these embodiments, the seedbed matrix is composed of the following components in volume percent: 8-12% of humus soil, 38-42% of river sand, 28-32% of vermiculite and 18-22% of loess.

In some embodiments, the collection and processing of the cutting is performed in late January in step (3).

In some embodiments, the incompletely lignified new shoot in step (3) is a transition shoot from semi-lignified to completely lignified.

In some embodiments, the cutting is 4-7 cm long, and further 5-6 cm long.

In some embodiments, in the step (6), in the early stage, the bud of the cutting seedling does not germinate or new leaves do not grow, and water is sprayed to the cutting seedling every 1-2 days; and in the later stage, the buds germinate or still maintain green, or new leaves grow, and the seedbed matrix is watered every 2-3 days.

In some embodiments, in the step (6), in the early stage, the bud of the cutting seedling does not germinate or grow new leaves, the water is sprayed to the surface of the cutting seedling every 1-2 days, and the seedbed matrix is kept moist (the humidity is 20-30%); and in the later stage, the buds germinate or still maintain green, or new leaves grow, and water is poured into the seedbed matrix soil every 2 to 3 days until the soil is thoroughly poured (the humidity is 45 to 55 percent).

In some embodiments, the concentration of the naphthylacetic acid and the concentration of the indolebutyric acid in the growth hormone aqueous solution in the step (4) are 80-120 mg/kg and 80-120 mg/kg respectively, and the concentration needs to be prepared for use.

In some of the embodiments, the aqueous growth hormone solution of step (4) is a mixed aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid and naphthylacetic acid; the concentration of naphthylacetic acid in the growth hormone aqueous solution is 90-110 mg/kg, and the concentration of indolebutyric acid is 90-110 mg/kg. The effect of compounding growth hormone naphthylacetic acid and indolebutyric acid is good. When the concentration of the naphthylacetic acid and the indolebutyric acid in the growth hormone aqueous solution is within the optimal range, the cutting seedlings can be soaked for 5-6 hours, and the survival rate of the cutting seedlings can be further improved.

In some embodiments, the soaking time is 5-6 h, and the growth hormone aqueous solution is submerged above the base of the cutting shoot by 1-2 cm.

In some embodiments, the temperature range managed after the cuttage in the step (6) is 22-25 ℃.

In some of these embodiments, the periodically sterilizing the seedbed substrate of step (6) comprises: and disinfecting the seedbed matrix with 0.1-0.3 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution every 12-16 days after cuttage.

In some of the embodiments, the thickness of the seedbed substrate is 12-15 cm. Which can ensure that the cutting has enough rooting space.

In some embodiments, the cutting depth in the step (5) is 1/4-1/5 of the length of the cutting slips, the plant spacing is more than 3cm, and the row spacing is more than 3 cm. It can ensure the sufficient moisture and space between the cuttings.

In some of the embodiments, the cutting method in step (5) is a direct cutting method. Which can ensure that the stable root planting of the cutting slips can not fall down.

In some embodiments, leaves with leaf surface areas of 1/2-2/3 are cut off from each leaf on the branches of the cuttings. It can simultaneously ensure the transpiration of the leaves to maintain and reduce the nutritional requirements, thereby being beneficial to rooting.

In some of these embodiments, the cut is flat on top and inclined on the bottom, with the top cut being 1-2 cm above the neighboring bud and the bottom cut being 0.5-1 cm below the terminal bud. It can reduce the water loss of the cutting slips and ensure the water absorption.

In some embodiments, the disinfectant in the step (2) is carbendazim wettable powder and 0.1-0.3 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution. Which can ensure effective disinfection of the soil.

In some embodiments, the volume ratio of the seedbed matrix to the carbendazim wettable powder is 800-1000: 1.

in some of these embodiments, the myrtle mother plant of step (3) is a perennial myrtle mother plant.

In some of these embodiments, the step of sterilizing with a sterilizing agent in step (2) comprises: mixing a seedbed matrix and the carbendazim wettable powder, thoroughly watering the matrix with the 0.1-0.3 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, and covering the surface of the seedbed with a preservative film for 20-28 h. Which may facilitate more complete disinfection of the soil.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the growth habit of the myrtle cutting seedlings, the four substrates of humus soil, river sand, vermiculite and loess are selected for compounding, the volume percentages of the four substrates are controlled to be 5-20% of humus soil, 30-50% of river sand, 20-40% of vermiculite and 10-30% of loess, and through the compounding of the four seedbed substrates, the proper soil ventilation, soil water retention and soil fertility can be provided for the myrtle cutting seedlings, the root systems of the cutting seedlings can be formed, and meanwhile, the seedbed substrate materials are easy to obtain and low in cost; on the basis, the steps of seedbed disinfection, collection and treatment of cutting slips, cutting slip pretreatment, cuttage, management after cuttage and the like are further combined, the survival rate of the myrtle cutting seedlings is finally obviously improved, especially the survival rate of perennial myrtle plant cutting seedlings can be obviously improved by more than 50%, and the material taking cost of the myrtle cutting slips is reduced.

The method can also realize that the cuttage seedlings of the myrtle become independent new plants in the current year, the cuttage seedlings are transplanted into nutrition seedlings, and the seedlings can be outplanted in the second year, thereby promoting the realization of the industrialized seedling culture of the myrtle.

In addition, the method is simple to operate, low in cost, easy to master and suitable for industrial seedling raising of the myrtle plants.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the cuttage growth of the myrtle according to example 1 (left) and comparative example 1 (right).

FIG. 2 shows a 3-year-old mother plant of Myrtus communis (left) and 7-8-year-old mother plant of Myrtus communis (right).

Detailed Description

Experimental procedures according to the invention, in which no particular conditions are specified in the following examples, are generally carried out under conventional conditions, or under conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The various chemicals used in the examples are commercially available.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

The terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, apparatus, article, or device that comprises a list of steps is not limited to only those steps or modules listed, but may alternatively include other steps not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or device.

The "plurality" referred to in the present invention means two or more. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

The embodiment provides a myrtle hardwood cutting method, which comprises the following steps:

(3) collecting and processing the cutting shoots: selecting new branches which grow vigorously and grow on the myrtle stock plant and do not grow completely lignified in the last year, taking the lower parts or the bases of the branches as cutting shoots, and leaving 2-3 plump buds and 2-3 leaves for each cutting shoot;

(5) cuttage: cutting the pretreated cutting slips in a seedbed matrix by a direct cutting method;

Wherein, the overall performance of seedbed matrix can be influenced to different seedbed matrix ratios to influence the growth of myrtle cuttage seedling, the volume percentage of control seedbed matrix is: 8-12% of humus soil, 38-42% of river sand, 28-32% of vermiculite and 18-22% of loess are beneficial to ventilation and water retention of the cutting seedlings and formation of root systems of the cutting seedlings, so that the survival rate of the cutting seedlings of the myrtle is higher.

The inventor of the invention finds that in the step (3) of the method, the cutting slips are collected and processed in the last ten days of January, at the moment, the young tips of the myrtle basically stop growing, the buds are full, the nutrients are sufficient, the cambium is still in an active state, and the cuttage and the healing are facilitated.

In the step (6), the demand of the myrtle cutting seedlings on the water content of the matrix is high, and the water content is not too much or too little. In the early stage, the bud of the cutting seedling does not germinate or new leaves do not grow, and water is sprayed to the cutting seedling every 1-2 days; and in the later stage, the buds germinate or still maintain green, or new leaves grow, and the seedbed matrix is watered every 2-3 days. Further, in the early stage, the cuttage seedling bud does not germinate or grow new leaves, water is sprayed to the seedbed matrix in the early stage every 1-2 days until the leaf surface drips, and the seedbed matrix is kept moist; in the later period, the buds germinate or still maintain green, or new leaves grow, and the water requirement of the seedlings is ensured by mainly watering the matrix soil every 2-3 days, wherein the water is preferably controlled to thoroughly water the soil. Excessive water can lead to excessive propagation of germs and slow down healing of base wounds, so that the roots are difficult to root, and the water shortage can cause insufficient water supply of cuttings and cause dead seedlings.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1

Preparation of growth hormone aqueous solution: preparing a growth hormone soaking water solution by IBA100mg/kg and NAA100 mg/kg;

the embodiment provides a cuttage method of myrtle, which comprises the following specific steps:

(1) preparing a seedbed: the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 10% of humus soil, 40% of river sand, 30% of vermiculite and 20% of loess, wherein the thickness of the seedbed matrix is 12-15 cm;

(2) and (3) seedbed disinfection: mixing a seedbed matrix and carbendazim wettable powder according to the ratio of 1000: 1, uniformly mixing and stirring, thoroughly watering the substrate with 0.2 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, covering the seedbed surface with a preservative film, and standing for 24 hours;

(3) collecting and processing the cutting shoots: selecting a 7-8-year-old myrtle plant (shown in figure 2) as a myrtle mother plant, collecting new branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases or insect pests and are not completely lignified on the myrtle mother plant in the cloudy days in the last month, selecting the lower parts or base parts of the branches to be cut into 5-6 cm-long cuttings, wherein the cuts are flat on the upper part and inclined on the lower part, 2-3 plump buds are remained on each cutting, 2-3 leaves (leaves with leaf surface areas of 1/2-2/3 need to be cut on each leaf on the branch of the cutting), the upper cuts are 1-2 cm above the adjacent buds, and the lower cuts are close to the terminal buds (0.5-1 cm below the terminal buds), and no damage is caused in the middle;

(4) soaking the cutting slips: bundling a plurality of cuttings, vertically placing the cuttings in a container containing growth hormone aqueous solution for soaking for 5-6 hours, wherein the growth hormone aqueous solution is 1-2 cm above the base;

(5) cuttage: using a direct cutting method, wherein the cutting soil depth is 1/4-1/5 of the length of cutting slips, the plant spacing is 3cm, the row spacing is 3cm, compacting by hands, watering a small amount of water for field planting, inserting 100 plants into each seedbed, and setting 3 seedbeds in total;

(6) and (3) management after cuttage: spraying and disinfecting the surface of the seedbed with 0.2 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution every two weeks after cuttage; uncovering the film for ventilation in the daytime at the temperature of 22-25 ℃, covering again at night, and illuminating for 16 h/8 h in darkness; in the early stage, the bud of the cutting seedling does not germinate or new leaves do not grow, the water is sprayed to the cutting seedling every 1-2 days, the water amount is controlled until the water drops on the leaf surface, the soil of the seedbed is kept moist (the humidity is about 20-30%), in the later stage, the bud germinates or is still kept green, or new leaves grow, at the moment, watering is mainly carried out on the matrix soil every 2-3 days to ensure the water demand of the seedling, the water amount is controlled to be suitable for thoroughly watering the soil (the humidity is about 45-55%), and other management is conventional management.

Example 2

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the seedbed substrate comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 20% of humus soil, 30% of river sand, 20% of vermiculite and 30% of loess.

Example 3

The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the seedbed substrate comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 5% of humus soil, 50% of river sand, 35% of vermiculite and 10% of loess.

Example 4

This example differs from example 1 in that the time for cutting collection and treatment was 4 mid-month.

Comparative example 1

The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 40% river sand and 60% loess.

Comparative example 2

The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 20% of humus soil, 40% of river sand and 40% of loess.

Comparative example 3

The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in percentage by volume: 40% of river sand, 30% of vermiculite and 30% of loess.

Comparative example 4

This comparative example differs from example 1 in that the seedbed substrate is coconut coir.

The results of the test are reported in table 1:

survival rate is survival number/cutting number multiplied by 100%;

the results in table 1 show that the survival rate of the cutting shoots of 3 seedbeds can reach more than 51 percent, which is obviously higher than the 22 percent cutting survival rate in the existing research. Compared with the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 has the advantages that the humus soil proportion is improved, the river sand amount is reduced, the soil fertility is enhanced, the air permeability is reduced, and the cuttage survival rate of the perennial myrtle is reduced. In the embodiment 3, the ratio of the humus soil to the loess is reduced, the river sand amount and the vermiculite amount are increased, the soil fertility is reduced, the air permeability is enhanced, and the cuttage survival rate of the perennial myrtle is reduced; in example 4, the cutting time is adjusted to be in mid-April, and the cutting survival rate of perennial myrtle is also reduced.

In addition, in comparative example 1, only 40% river sand and 60% loess were used as the bed substrate, and the soil fertility, air permeability and water retention were poor, and the survival rate of cuttage of perennial myrtle was low (as shown in fig. 1), as compared to example 1. In comparative example 2, only 20% of humus soil, 40% of river sand and 40% of loess are selected as seedbed substrates, the soil fertility is high, the water retention is poor, and the cuttage survival rate of perennial myrtle is low. In the comparative example 3, the seedbed substrate only selects 40% of river sand, 30% of vermiculite and 30% of loess, so that the soil fertility is poor, the air permeability is reduced, and the cuttage survival rate of perennial myrtle is low. In comparative example 4, coconut coir in the disclosed cuttage method was selected as a seedbed substrate, and the cuttage survival rate of perennial myrtle was found to be not high. Therefore, the method can obviously improve the cuttage survival rate of the perennial myrtle.

The method disclosed by the invention is simple to operate, easy to master and low in cost, can well solve the technical problem of low cuttage survival rate of perennial myrtle, can realize that the perennial myrtle cuttage seedlings become independent new plants in the same year and are transplanted into nutrition seedlings, can be outplanted in the second year, and can be used for industrialized seedling of the myrtle.

TABLE 1

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A myrtle hardwood cutting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a seedbed: the seedbed matrix of the seedbed consists of the following components in percentage by volume: 5-15% of humus soil, 35-45% of river sand, 25-35% of vermiculite and 15-25% of loess;

(3) collecting and processing the cutting shoots: selecting new branches which grow vigorously and grow on the myrtle stock plant and do not grow completely lignified in the last year, taking the lower parts or the bases of the branches as cutting shoots, and leaving 2-3 plump buds and 2-3 leaves for each cutting shoot; collecting and processing cuttings in the last ten days of January;

(5) cuttage: cutting the pretreated cutting slips in a seedbed matrix;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the seedbed matrix is composed of the following components by volume percent: 10% humus soil, 40% river sand, 30% vermiculite and 20% loess.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the incompletely lignified new branches in step (3) are transition branches from semi-lignified to completely lignified.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (6), the moisture management comprises the steps of: in the early stage, the bud of the cutting seedling does not germinate or new leaves do not grow, and water is sprayed to the cutting seedling every 1-2 days; in the later stage, the buds of the cutting seedlings germinate or still maintain green or grow new leaves, and watering the seedbed matrix every 2-3 days;

and/or the temperature range managed after the cuttage in the step (6) is 22-25 ℃;

and/or, the periodically sterilizing the seedbed substrate in the step (6) comprises: and disinfecting the seedbed matrix with 0.1-0.3 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution every 12-16 days after cuttage.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the aqueous growth hormone solution of step (4) is a mixed aqueous solution of indolebutyric acid and naphthylacetic acid; the concentration of naphthylacetic acid in the growth hormone aqueous solution is 80-120 mg/kg, and the concentration of indolebutyric acid is 80-120 mg/kg; the soaking time is 5-6 hours, and the growth hormone aqueous solution is submerged above the base part of the cutting shoot by 1-2 cm during soaking.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the seedbed substrate is 12 to 15 cm.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cutting depth in step (5) is 1/4 to 1/5 of the length of the cutting slips, the plant spacing is more than 3cm, and the row spacing is more than 3 cm.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein leaves with a leaf surface area of 1/2-2/3 are cut off from each leaf on a shoot of the cutting shoot; and/or the cutting of the cutting slips is flat on the upper part and inclined on the lower part, the upper cutting is 1-2 cm away from the terminal bud, and the lower cutting is 0.5-1 cm away from the terminal bud.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the disinfectant in the step (2) is carbendazim wettable powder and 0.1 to 0.3 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution; the volume ratio of the seedbed matrix to the carbendazim wettable powder is 800-1200: 1.

10. the method of claim 9, wherein the step of sterilizing with a sterilizing agent in step (2) comprises: and mixing a seedbed matrix with the carbendazim wettable powder, and watering the seedbed matrix thoroughly with the 0.1-0.3 wt% potassium permanganate aqueous solution, wherein the surface of the seedbed is covered with the preservative film for 20-28 hours.