CN111664760A - Precise blasting method for micro-step full-section construction - Google Patents

Precise blasting method for micro-step full-section construction Download PDF

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CN111664760A
CN111664760A CN202010590045.4A CN202010590045A CN111664760A CN 111664760 A CN111664760 A CN 111664760A CN 202010590045 A CN202010590045 A CN 202010590045A CN 111664760 A CN111664760 A CN 111664760A
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data
construction
blast hole
data point
hole
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CN111664760B (en
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高军
林晓
岳勇
谭发刚
杨立云
贾超
罗华明
吴德兴
项小珍
李行利
张旭东
蔡荣喜
王东旭
熊晓晖
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

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Abstract

The invention discloses a micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method, which comprises the steps of firstly utilizing an underground imager and an ultrasonic detector to detect a soil layer distribution structure of a blasting construction section, and transmits the data information to the computer host, the computer host generates a soil layer structure distribution diagram through comparison and analysis, the computer host compares and analyzes the soil layer structure distribution diagram, can vividly and specifically plan the specific size and position of the blast hole, fully utilizes the explosion effect of detonator explosives, plans an optimal blast hole arrangement scheme, improves the explosion quality and effect during construction, establishes a mathematical model by a computer host by utilizing data such as a quantitative theory, construction parameters, explosion scale, an explosion mode and the like, realizes the fine control of explosion by utilizing the comprehensive calculation and analysis of the mathematical model, through numerical analysis simulation, the judgment result is accurately given, and the effective control on the blasting excavation effect and the harmful effect generated by blasting can be realized.

Description

Precise blasting method for micro-step full-section construction
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting construction, in particular to an accurate blasting method for micro-step full-section construction.
Background
The tunnel is the key and key project for the construction of roads, railways and the like. With the development of railway construction and the progress of science and technology, the tunnel excavation method is rapidly developed. The common excavation methods include a drilling and blasting method, a shield method and a digging machine method. The drilling and blasting method is still the tunnel excavation method commonly used at home and abroad at present because the drilling and blasting method has strong adaptability to geological conditions and low excavation cost, and is particularly suitable for the construction of hard rock tunnels, broken rock tunnels and a large number of short tunnels.
However, the blasting precision of the existing blasting method is not high enough, so that the blasting quality of the tunnel rock wall is influenced, the construction difficulty is increased, the installation of equipment such as a drilling machine is greatly influenced, the use of the equipment is inconvenient, and the construction efficiency of the project is seriously slowed down.
Therefore, an accurate blasting method for micro-step full-section construction is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an accurate blasting method for micro-step full-section construction, which comprises the steps of firstly detecting a soil layer distribution structure of a blasting construction section by using an underground imager and an ultrasonic detector, transmitting data information of the soil layer distribution structure to a computer host, generating a soil layer structure distribution diagram by the computer host through comparison and analysis, figuratively and specifically planning the specific size and the position of a blast hole by using the soil layer structure distribution diagram, establishing a mathematical model by using data such as a quantitative theory, construction parameters, a blasting scale and a blasting mode through the computer host, and realizing the fine control of blasting by using the comprehensive calculation and analysis of the mathematical model, thereby solving the problems provided by the background.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method adopts a computing device and comprises the following steps:
s1: surveying the geology of the construction operation land by using exploration equipment, and drawing a construction section soil layer structure distribution map;
s2: planning, arranging and blasting according to the construction section soil layer structure distribution diagram drawn in the S1, performing construction measurement punching on the upper step and the lower step of the construction section, and planning the difference of the detonation section;
s3: after the blast hole is drilled, a field technician checks the drilling condition of the blast hole and carries out technical confirmation on the blast hole, so as to ensure that the drilling error of the blast hole is kept within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm;
s4: after the blast hole is detected to be normal, detonator explosive is quantitatively filled into the blast hole;
s5: after the detonator explosive is filled, a technical worker is responsible for detonating after all workers enter an absolute safe area, and the site is cleaned after the explosion is finished;
s6: leveling out an operation field of a drilling machine in a construction section;
s7: transporting excavating equipment and conveying equipment to the field, and erecting an excavating frame on a flat operation field;
s8: synchronously excavating the rock walls of the construction section after the upper and lower steps are blasted by an excavator, and conveying the excavated slag out of the tunnel construction section by utilizing a loader in combination with a self-dumping car;
s9: uniformly spraying concrete on the excavated tunnel rock wall, and forming a layer of fixed lining plate on the surface layer of the rock wall to prevent the soil layer at the top of the tunnel from falling or collapsing;
s10: and after the construction of the blasting planning section is finished, repeating the steps S1-S9 again, and entering the next cycle of construction until the tunnel construction is completely finished.
Further, the step S1 further includes the following steps:
s101: checking the integrity of the host computer and the display equipment, starting up for commissioning, displaying a system for debugging the host computer after the system is normal, and setting system parameters of the host computer;
s102: checking the use condition of each peripheral interface arranged on the outer wall of the host computer shell, and eliminating the problems of poor contact and damage of the peripheral interfaces;
s103: installing an underground imager and setting and adjusting a system of the underground imager, connecting a host computer and the underground imager by utilizing an external interface and matching a data connecting line, wherein the host computer receives construction section soil layer structure data detected by the underground imager;
s104: installing an ultrasonic detector and setting and adjusting a system of the ultrasonic detector, connecting a host computer and the ultrasonic detector by utilizing a peripheral interface matched with a data connecting line, and receiving construction section soil layer structure data detected by the ultrasonic detector by the host computer;
s105: and the host computer performs calculation and analysis on the data detected by the underground imager and the ultrasonic detector to generate a construction section soil layer structure distribution diagram.
Further, before the step S105, a data cleaning stage is further included, and the specific steps are as follows:
step A1, acquiring data detected by the underground imager (4) and the ultrasonic detector (5) according to the following formula, graying the data, and judging interference data points in the data:
Figure BDA0002555088820000031
Figure BDA0002555088820000032
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002555088820000033
representing the annotated data point, SNRepresenting the data difference value, KiRepresenting the ith data value of the data point to be judged after graying, P representing the probability that the data point to be judged is an interference data point, K1Representing the data value of the 1 st data point after graying of the data point to be judged, wherein i is 1,2,3, and N, and if P is more than 0.5, representing an interference data point, and labeling the data point;
step A2, dynamically sensing interference data points, and after the initial interference data points are identified, firstly acquiring dynamic standard data points and dynamic data difference values during real-time sensing according to the interference data points during the real-time acquisition during the dynamic sensing;
Figure BDA0002555088820000034
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002555088820000035
representing the initial dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in dynamic sensing,
Figure BDA0002555088820000036
k1 represents the dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in the f-1 dynamic inductionfA data value representing a data point to be judged after graying the data acquired at the f-th time,
Figure BDA0002555088820000037
representing the dynamic feeling of the data point to be judged at the f-th timeThe dynamic standard data point of time, wherein lambda represents a preset time coefficient and is a value between 0 and 1, the stronger the time information is, the larger the lambda preset value is, and S10Representing the initial dynamic data difference value of the data point to be judged during dynamic monitoring, S1f-1Representing the dynamic data difference value of the data point to be judged in the f-1 dynamic induction, S1fRepresents the difference value of the dynamic data at the f-th dynamic sensing, K1f-1Representing the data value of the data point which needs to be judged after the f-1 th acquired data is grayed;
step a3, determining whether the data point is an interference data point according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002555088820000041
wherein mu represents a preset judgment coefficient, the preset value is any value between 3 and 4, if the data point needing to be judged meets the formula during the f-th dynamic induction, the data point needing to be judged is an interference data point during the f-th dynamic induction, and the marking is carried out;
and A4, judging whether all data points of the acquired data are interference data points or not by utilizing the step A3, labeling all the interference data points, modifying the interference data points into the average value of the data points around the neighborhood of the interference data points, and finishing the removal of the interference data points to obtain the data after data cleaning.
Further, the step S2 further includes the following steps:
s201: respectively calculating the depths of each blast hole, the periphery and the auxiliary hole according to actual data;
s202: forming a cut hole in an inclined-hole wedge-shaped cut mode;
s203: and arranging holes, and arranging blast holes, peripheries and auxiliary holes in an accurate positioning manner according to the planning and setting of installation blasting.
Further, the depth of the blasthole can be determined by utilizing the utilization rate of the blasthole and the planned cycle footage, the determined depth should be matched with the adaptive slag tapping capacity, each work class finishes integer cycle, and the depth of the blasthole is calculated according to the formula: l/n
In the formula: l is the depth of the blast hole; l is the planned footage for each tunnelling cycle; and n is the utilization rate of the blast hole, and the value is more than 0.85. Peripheral and auxiliary eye depth: the V-level surrounding rock is 0.8-1.0m, and the cut holes and the bottom plate holes are deepened by 20-30 cm.
Furthermore, the detonation sequence of the blast hole is a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole and a bottom plate hole, and the explosive loading amount can be increased when the bottom plate hole is charged.
Further, the step S4 further includes the following steps:
s401: calculating the explosive loading of the detonator in each blast hole;
s402: cleaning each arranged blast hole to prevent rock slag from falling into the blast hole along with the charge;
s403: quantitatively filling detonator explosives into each blast hole;
s404: directly filling detonator explosive into the blast hole when the inside of the blast hole is dry and anhydrous;
s405: when the inside of the blast hole is wet with water, the water in the blast hole is discharged and then the detonator explosive is wrapped by the oilcloth for filling;
s406: after detonator explosive is quantitatively filled in each blast hole, the upper end of the detonator explosive is plugged by using stemming, wherein the stemming is a mixture of clay and fine sand, and the ratio of the clay to the fine sand is 2: 1, the length of the shallow hole plug is 20 cm.
Furthermore, the charge of the peripheral holes is preferably charged by adopting a spaced charge method, and the charge is calculated according to the formula: Q-qV.
In the formula: q is the total dosage of each blasting cycle; q is the amount of explosive required to blast each cubic of rock (kg/m 3); v is the total rock volume of each circulation footage, and the explosive loading is distributed according to the explosive loading coefficient because the blast holes are clamped by the rock in different conditions and have different explosive loading.
The charging calculation of the V-level surrounding rock is carried out, and the charging calculation and the checking are carried out through field test and construction data:
a. and (3) centralized calculation of the charge of the peripheral holes: phi is aL＝kdE1/2＝130g/m；
b. Peripheral eye single-hole medicine loading: q equals 0.42 kg;
c. and (3) single-hole medicine loading of a tunneling eye: q-LaWL λ -0.38 kg.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides an accurate blasting method for micro-step full-section construction, which is characterized in that an underground imager and an ultrasonic detector are firstly utilized to detect a soil layer distribution structure of a blasting construction section, data information of the soil layer distribution structure is transmitted to a computer host, the computer host generates a soil layer structure distribution diagram through comparison and analysis, and the structure composition of a soil layer of the blasting section can be clearly known through the soil layer structure distribution diagram, so that a shallow underground river and a soft foundation soil layer section are avoided during blasting, the accident risk and unnecessary trouble during blasting construction are avoided, and the method is convenient and practical.
2. According to the micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method provided by the invention, the computer host contrasts and analyzes the soil layer structure distribution diagram, so that the specific size and position of the blast hole can be vividly and specifically planned, the blasting effect of the detonator explosive is fully utilized, the optimal blast hole arrangement scheme is planned, and the blasting quality and effect during construction are improved.
3. According to the micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method provided by the invention, a computer establishes a mathematical model by using data such as a quantitative theory, construction parameters, a blasting scale and a blasting mode, the mathematical model is used for realizing fine control of blasting by comprehensive calculation and analysis, a judgment result is accurately given through numerical analysis simulation, and effective control on the blasting excavation effect and the harmful effect generated by blasting can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the micro-step full-section construction precision blasting method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of soil texture survey of the micro-step full-section construction precision blasting method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of step S2 of the method for precise blasting of micro-step full-section construction according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an implementation method of step S4 of the micro-step full-section construction precision blasting method of the invention;
fig. 5 is a table diagram illustrating the charging coefficient alpha value of the micro-step full-section construction precision blasting method of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a host computer; 2. a display device; 3. a peripheral interface; 4. an underground imager; 5. an ultrasonic detector.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, a method for precise blasting of micro-step full-section construction, which uses a computing device, includes the following steps:
s1: and surveying the geology of the construction operation land by using the exploration equipment, and drawing a construction section soil layer structure distribution diagram.
S2: and planning, arranging and blasting according to the construction section soil layer structure distribution diagram drawn in the S1, performing construction measurement punching on the upper and lower steps of the construction section, and planning the difference of the detonation section.
S3: after the blast hole is drilled, a field technician checks the drilling condition of the blast hole and carries out technical confirmation on the blast hole, so that the drilling error of the blast hole is kept within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm.
S4: and after the blast hole is detected to be normal, the detonator explosive is quantitatively filled into the blast hole.
S5: after the detonator explosive is filled, a technical worker is responsible for detonating after all workers enter an absolute safe area, and the site is cleaned after the explosion is finished.
S6: and leveling out an operation site of the drilling machine in the construction section.
S7: and transporting the excavating equipment and the conveying equipment to the field, and erecting an excavating frame on the flat operation field.
S8: and synchronously excavating the rock walls of the upper and lower steps of the construction section after blasting by using an excavator, and conveying the excavated slag out of the tunnel construction section by using a loader in combination with a self-dumping car.
S9: concrete is uniformly sprayed on the excavated tunnel rock wall, and a layer of fixed lining plate is formed on the surface layer of the rock wall, so that the soil layer on the top of the tunnel is prevented from falling or collapsing.
S10: and after the construction of the blasting planning section is finished, repeating the steps S1-S9 again, and entering the next cycle of construction until the tunnel construction is completely finished.
Example two
Referring to fig. 2, a method for precise blasting of micro-step full-section construction, step S1, further includes the following steps:
s101: checking the health condition of the host computer 1 and the display equipment 2, starting up for commissioning, displaying the system for debugging the host computer 1 after normal operation, and setting the system parameters of the host computer 1.
S102: the use condition of each peripheral interface 3 arranged on the outer wall of the shell of the host computer 1 is checked, and the problems of poor contact and damage of the peripheral interfaces 3 are solved.
S103: the underground imager 4 is installed and the system is set and adjusted, the peripheral interface 3 is matched with the data connecting line to be connected with the host computer 1 and the underground imager 4, and the host computer 1 receives the soil layer structure data of the construction section detected by the underground imager 4.
S104: the ultrasonic detector 5 is installed and the system is set and adjusted, the peripheral interface 3 is matched with a data connecting line to be connected with the host computer 1 and the ultrasonic detector 5, and the host computer 1 receives the soil structure data of the construction section detected by the ultrasonic detector 5.
S105: host computer 1 carries out computational analysis to the data that underground imaging appearance 4 and ultrasonic detector 5 detected, generate construction section soil structure distribution diagram, the structure of understanding blasting section soil layer that can be clear through soil structure distribution diagram constitutes, so as to avoid shallower underground river and soft basic soil layer section during the blasting, thereby accident risk and unnecessary when avoiding blasting construction are troublesome, convenient and practical, computer 1 contrasts analysis soil structure distribution diagram, concrete size and position of specific planning porthole that can be vivid, make full use of detonator explosive's explosion effect, plan out the optimal porthole and arrange the scheme, blasting quality and effect when improving the construction.
Before step S105, a data cleaning stage is further included, and the specific steps are as follows:
step A1, acquiring data detected by the underground imager (4) and the ultrasonic detector (5) according to the following formula, graying the data, and judging interference data points in the data:
Figure BDA0002555088820000081
Figure BDA0002555088820000082
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002555088820000083
representing the annotated data point, SNRepresenting the data difference value, KiRepresenting the ith data value of the data point to be judged after graying, P representing the probability that the data point to be judged is an interference data point, K1Representing the data value of the 1 st data point after graying of the data point to be judged, wherein i is 1,2,3, and N, and if P is more than 0.5, representing an interference data point, and labeling the data point;
step A2, dynamically sensing interference data points, and after the initial interference data points are identified, firstly acquiring dynamic standard data points and dynamic data difference values during real-time sensing according to the interference data points during the real-time acquisition during the dynamic sensing;
Figure BDA0002555088820000091
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002555088820000092
representing the initial dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in dynamic sensing,
Figure BDA0002555088820000093
k1 represents the dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in the f-1 dynamic inductionfA data value representing a data point to be judged after graying the data acquired at the f-th time,
Figure BDA0002555088820000094
representing the dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in the f-th dynamic induction, wherein lambda represents a preset time coefficient and is a value between 0 and 1, the stronger the time information is, the larger the lambda preset value is, and S10Representing the initial dynamic data difference value of the data point to be judged during dynamic monitoring, S1f-1Representing the dynamic data difference value of the data point to be judged in the f-1 dynamic induction, S1fRepresents the difference value of the dynamic data at the f-th dynamic sensing, K1f-1Representing the data value of the data point which needs to be judged after the f-1 th acquired data is grayed;
step a3, determining whether the data point is an interference data point according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002555088820000095
wherein mu represents a preset judgment coefficient, the preset value is any value between 3 and 4, if the data point needing to be judged meets the formula during the f-th dynamic induction, the data point needing to be judged is an interference data point during the f-th dynamic induction, and the marking is carried out;
and A4, judging whether all data points of the acquired data are interference data points or not by utilizing the step A3, labeling all the interference data points, modifying the interference data points into the average value of the data points around the neighborhood of the interference data points, and finishing the removal of the interference data points to obtain the data after data cleaning.
Has the advantages that: by the aid of the technology, interference factors in data detected by the underground imager and the ultrasonic detector can be identified and labeled, so that the data can be subjected to a data cleaning stage to remove interference data points, later-stage calculation and analysis caused by the interference data points are avoided, the structural distribution diagram of the soil layer at the construction section is generated inaccurately, the interference data points are replaced by the mean value of the neighborhood of the interference data points, cleaned data are obtained, and later-stage calculation and analysis capacity is improved.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 3, a method for precise blasting of micro-step full-section construction, step S2 further includes the following steps:
s201: and respectively calculating the depths of each blasthole, the periphery and the auxiliary hole according to the actual data.
S202: the cutting holes are formed in an inclined-hole wedge-shaped cutting mode.
S203: and arranging holes, and arranging blast holes, peripheries and auxiliary holes in an accurate positioning manner according to the planning and setting of installation blasting.
The depth of the blast hole can be determined by utilizing the utilization rate of the blast hole and the planned circulating footage, the determined depth should be matched with the adaptive slag tapping capability, so that each work class finishes integer circulation, and the depth of the blast hole is calculated according to the formula: l/n
In the formula: l is the depth of the blast hole; l is the planned footage for each tunnelling cycle; and n is the utilization rate of the blast hole, and the value is more than 0.85. Peripheral and auxiliary eye depth: the V-level surrounding rock is 0.8-1.0m, and the cut holes and the bottom plate holes are deepened by 20-30 cm.
The detonating sequence of the blast hole is a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole and a bottom plate hole, and the charge amount can be increased when the charge work of the bottom plate hole is carried out.
Example four
Referring to fig. 4-5, a method for precise blasting of micro-step full-section construction, step S4, further includes the following steps:
s401: and calculating the explosive loading of the detonator in each blast hole.
S402: and cleaning each arranged blast hole to prevent rock slag from falling into the blast hole along with the charge.
S403: and (4) quantitatively filling detonator explosives into each blast hole.
S404: when the inside of the blast hole is dry and anhydrous, detonator explosive is directly filled into the blast hole.
S405: when water is wet inside the blasthole, the water inside the blasthole is discharged and then the detonator explosive is wrapped by the oilcloth for filling.
S406: after detonator explosive is quantitatively filled in each blast hole, the upper end of the detonator explosive is plugged by using stemming, wherein the stemming is a mixture of clay and fine sand, and the ratio of the clay to the fine sand is 2: 1, the length of the shallow hole plug is 20 cm.
The medicine is loaded in the peripheral holes by adopting a spaced medicine loading method, and the medicine loading amount is calculated according to the formula: Q-qV.
In the formula: q is the total dosage of each blasting cycle; q is the amount of explosive required to blast each cubic of rock (kg/m 3); v is the total rock volume of each circulation footage, and the explosive loading is distributed according to the explosive loading coefficient because the blast holes are clamped by the rock in different conditions and have different explosive loading.
The charging calculation of the V-level surrounding rock is carried out, and the charging calculation and the checking are carried out through field test and construction data:
a. and (3) centralized calculation of the charge of the peripheral holes: phi is aL＝kdE1/2＝130g/m；
b. Peripheral eye single-hole medicine loading: q equals 0.42 kg;
c. and (3) single-hole medicine loading of a tunneling eye: q-LaWL λ -0.38 kg.
In summary, the following steps: the invention provides an accurate blasting method for micro-step full-section construction, which comprises the steps of firstly utilizing an underground imager 4 and an ultrasonic detector 5 to detect a soil layer distribution structure of a blasting construction section, transmitting data information of the soil layer distribution structure to a computer host 1, generating a soil layer structure distribution diagram through the comparison and analysis of the computer host 1, and clearly knowing the structure composition of a soil layer of the blasting section through the soil layer structure distribution diagram so as to avoid a shallow underground river and a soft foundation soil layer section during blasting, thereby avoiding accident risk and unnecessary trouble during blasting construction, and being convenient and practical; the computer host 1 contrasts and analyzes the soil layer structure distribution diagram, can vividly and specifically plan the specific size and position of the blast hole, make full use of the explosive effect of the detonator, plan out the optimal blast hole arrangement scheme, improve blasting quality and effect while constructing; the computer host 1 establishes a mathematical model by using data such as a quantitative theory, construction parameters, blasting scale, a blasting mode and the like, realizes fine control of blasting by using comprehensive calculation analysis of the mathematical model, gives a judgment result accurately by numerical analysis simulation, and can realize effective control of blasting excavation effect and harmful effect generated by blasting.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method adopts a computing device and comprises the following steps:
s1: surveying the geology of the construction operation land by using exploration equipment, and drawing a construction section soil layer structure distribution map;
s2: planning, arranging and blasting according to the construction section soil layer structure distribution diagram drawn in the S1, performing construction measurement punching on the upper step and the lower step of the construction section, and planning the difference of the detonation section;
s3: after the blast hole is drilled, a field technician checks the drilling condition of the blast hole and carries out technical confirmation on the blast hole, so as to ensure that the drilling error of the blast hole is kept within the range of 0.1-0.5 mm;
s4: after the blast hole is detected to be normal, detonator explosive is quantitatively filled into the blast hole;
s5: after the detonator explosive is filled, a technical worker is responsible for detonating after all workers enter an absolute safe area, and the site is cleaned after the explosion is finished;
s6: leveling out an operation field of a drilling machine in a construction section;
s7: transporting excavating equipment and conveying equipment to the field, and erecting an excavating frame on a flat operation field;
s8: synchronously excavating the rock walls of the construction section after the upper and lower steps are blasted by an excavator, and conveying the excavated slag out of the tunnel construction section by utilizing a loader in combination with a self-dumping car;
s9: uniformly spraying concrete on the excavated tunnel rock wall, and forming a layer of fixed lining plate on the surface layer of the rock wall to prevent the soil layer at the top of the tunnel from falling or collapsing;
s10: and after the construction of the blasting planning section is finished, repeating the steps S1-S9 again, and entering the next cycle of construction until the tunnel construction is completely finished.
2. The micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S1 further includes the steps of:
s101: checking the integrity of the host computer (1) and the display equipment (2), starting up for commissioning, displaying a system for debugging the host computer (1) after normal operation, and setting system parameters of the host computer (1);
s102: checking the use condition of each peripheral interface (3) arranged on the outer wall of the shell of the host computer (1) and eliminating the problems of poor contact and damage of the peripheral interfaces (3);
s103: installing an underground imager (4) and setting and adjusting a system of the underground imager, connecting a host computer (1) and the underground imager (4) by utilizing a peripheral interface (3) to be matched with a data connecting line, and receiving construction section soil layer structure data detected by the underground imager (4) by the host computer (1);
s104: installing an ultrasonic detector (5) and setting and adjusting a system of the ultrasonic detector, connecting a host computer (1) and the ultrasonic detector (5) by utilizing a peripheral interface (3) and matching a data connecting line, wherein the host computer (1) receives construction section soil layer structure data detected by the ultrasonic detector (5);
s105: the host computer (1) carries out calculation and analysis on the data detected by the underground imager (4) and the ultrasonic detector (5) to generate a construction section soil structure distribution diagram.
3. The micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: before step S105, a data cleaning stage is further included, and the specific steps are as follows:
step A1, acquiring data detected by the underground imager (4) and the ultrasonic detector (5) according to the following formula, graying the data, and judging interference data points in the data:
Figure FDA0002555088810000021
Figure FDA0002555088810000022
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002555088810000023
representing the annotated data point, SNRepresenting the data difference value, KiRepresenting the ith data value of the data point to be judged after graying, P representing the probability that the data point to be judged is an interference data point, K1Representing the data value of the 1 st data point after graying of the data point to be judged, wherein i is 1,2,3, and N, and if P is more than 0.5, representing an interference data point, and labeling the data point;
step A2, dynamically sensing interference data points, and after the initial interference data points are identified, firstly acquiring dynamic standard data points and dynamic data difference values during real-time sensing according to the interference data points during the real-time acquisition during the dynamic sensing;
Figure FDA0002555088810000024
S10＝SN
Figure FDA0002555088810000025
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002555088810000026
representing the initial dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in dynamic sensing,
Figure FDA0002555088810000031
k1 represents the dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in the f-1 dynamic inductionfA data value representing a data point to be judged after graying the data acquired at the f-th time,
Figure FDA0002555088810000032
representing the dynamic standard data point of the data point to be judged in the f-th dynamic induction, wherein lambda represents a preset time coefficient and is a value between 0 and 1, the stronger the time information is, the larger the lambda preset value is, and S10Representing the initial dynamic data difference value of the data point to be judged during dynamic monitoring, S1f-1Representing the dynamic data difference value of the data point to be judged in the f-1 dynamic induction, S1fRepresents the difference value of the dynamic data at the f-th dynamic sensing, K1f-1Representing the data value of the data point which needs to be judged after the f-1 th acquired data is grayed;
step a3, determining whether the data point is an interference data point according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002555088810000033
wherein mu represents a preset judgment coefficient, the preset value is any value between 3 and 4, if the data point needing to be judged meets the formula during the f-th dynamic induction, the data point needing to be judged is an interference data point during the f-th dynamic induction, and the marking is carried out;
and A4, judging whether all data points of the acquired data are interference data points or not by utilizing the step A3, labeling all the interference data points, modifying the interference data points into the average value of the data points around the neighborhood of the interference data points, and finishing the removal of the interference data points to obtain the data after data cleaning.
4. The micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S2 further includes the steps of:
s201: respectively calculating the depths of each blast hole, the periphery and the auxiliary hole according to actual data;
s202: forming a cut hole in an inclined-hole wedge-shaped cut mode;
s203: and arranging holes, and arranging blast holes, peripheries and auxiliary holes in an accurate positioning manner according to the planning and setting of installation blasting.
5. The micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the depth of the blast hole can be determined by utilizing the utilization rate of the blast hole and the planned cyclic footage, the determined depth is matched with the adaptive slag-tapping capacity, each work class finishes integer cycle, and the depth of the blast hole is calculated according to the formula that L is L/n
In the formula: l is the depth of the blast hole; l is the planned footage for each tunnelling cycle; and n is the utilization rate of the blast hole, and the value is more than 0.85. Peripheral and auxiliary eye depth: the V-level surrounding rock is 0.8-1.0m, and the cut holes and the bottom plate holes are deepened by 20-30 cm.
6. The micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the detonating sequence of the blast hole is a cut hole, an auxiliary hole, a peripheral hole and a bottom plate hole, and the explosive loading amount can be increased when the explosive loading work of the bottom plate hole is carried out.
7. The micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S4 further includes the steps of:
s401: calculating the explosive loading of the detonator in each blast hole;
s402: cleaning each arranged blast hole to prevent rock slag from falling into the blast hole along with the charge;
s403: quantitatively filling detonator explosives into each blast hole;
s404: directly filling detonator explosive into the blast hole when the inside of the blast hole is dry and anhydrous;
s405: when the inside of the blast hole is wet with water, the water in the blast hole is discharged and then the detonator explosive is wrapped by the oilcloth for filling;
s406: after detonator explosive is quantitatively filled in each blast hole, the upper end of the detonator explosive is plugged by using stemming, wherein the stemming is a mixture of clay and fine sand, and the ratio of the clay to the fine sand is 2: 1, the length of the shallow hole plug is 20 cm.
8. The micro-step full-section construction accurate blasting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: the medicine charging of the peripheral holes is preferably carried out by adopting a spaced medicine charging method, and the medicine charging amount is calculated according to the formula: Q-qV.
In the formula: q is the total dosage of each blasting cycle; q is the amount of explosive required to blast each cubic of rock (kg/m 3); v is the total rock volume of each circulation footage, and the explosive loading is distributed according to the explosive loading coefficient because the blast holes are clamped by the rock in different conditions and have different explosive loading.
The charging calculation of the V-level surrounding rock is carried out, and the charging calculation and the checking are carried out through field test and construction data:
a. and (3) centralized calculation of the charge of the peripheral holes: phi is aL＝kdE1/2＝130g/m；
b. Peripheral eye single-hole medicine loading: q equals 0.42 kg;
c. and (3) single-hole medicine loading of a tunneling eye: q-LaWL λ -0.38 kg.
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