CN111658681A - 一种复合食用菌蛋白粉的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种复合食用菌蛋白粉的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合食用菌蛋白粉的制备方法及应用,包括:1、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:2:1~1:9:1在10‑20℃中进行脱水粉碎;2、加入5‑30倍体积水浸泡0.5‑2小时,调节溶液PH值至8‑11,然后在50℃浸提1‑4小时,超声波震荡;3、重复步骤2提取2‑3次,抽滤;4、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩喷雾干燥成粉末;5、加入重量百分比5%‑20%的卵磷脂颗粒、30%‑70%的乳清蛋白粉,得到复合蛋白粉。本发明提供一种以制备复合蛋白粉的方法,使得提取得到的复合蛋白粉蛋白和多糖含量高,不需要进一步的提纯就可以直接用于调整肠道菌群及提高免疫力,具有显著的营养价值和经济价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食用菌的有效成分提取制备方法和应用,尤其涉及一种复合食用菌蛋白粉的制备方法及其在调节肠道菌群和提高免疫力方面的应用。
背景技术
食用菌是可供食用的蕈菌的总称,指能形成大型的肉质(或胶质)子实体或菌核类组织并能供人们食用或药用的一类大型真菌。
食用菌具有极高的营养价值,一般所含蛋白质约占干重的30%~45%,且蛋白质中氨基酸种类丰富,必需氨基酸占比已达到理想蛋白水平(鸡蛋)。据测算,1kg干菇所含蛋白质相当于2kg瘦肉,3kg鸡蛋,12kg牛奶。食用菌的脂肪含量低,仅占干重的2%~8%,且以不饱和脂肪酸为主。此外,其还含有多种维生素、微量元素、多糖及其它功能性成分等具有一定药效的生理活性物质,能促进人体新陈代谢,增强体质,调节免疫,抗氧化,抗过敏,抗癌等。因此,被人们誉为“保健食品”,越来越受到重视。***粮农组织提出21世纪最合理的膳食结构:“一荤一素一菇”,也充分肯定了食用菌在未来功能性食品发展中的重要地位。
双孢蘑菇简称蘑菇,又称为白蘑菇,洋蘑菇,欧美地区也称之为纽扣蘑菇,属于草腐生,中低温型食药用菌类。至今为止它是世界上栽培规模最大、生产量最多、人均消耗量最大的食药用菌。双孢蘑菇是一种高蛋白、低脂肪、低能量、高营养的保健食品。目前对双孢蘑菇的研究主要集中在双孢蘑菇的褐变抑制和多糖的活性研究上,大量的药理和临床研究表明双孢蘑菇多糖具有抗氧化、免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗癌、降血糖、降血脂等生物活性,但对其蛋白的研究却较少。而双孢蘑菇干物质中蛋白含量约为33%~38%,其中含有大量具有生物活性的蛋白和肽类物质等。
香菇是我国的特色食用菌,在民间素有“山珍”之称,可以食药兼用。香菇含多种营养保健成分,具有高蛋白低脂肪的营养特征。干香菇中蛋白含量约为26克/100克。
猴头菇属担子菌门、伞菌纲、红菇目、猴头菌科,其子实体菌伞带有肉刺,且形状似猴头,因而又名猴头菌、猴菇菌和猴蘑。猴头菇是一种兼具营养价值和药用价值的食用菌,被列为八大山珍之一,其具有抗氧化、延缓衰老、提高免疫力、抗肿瘤等功能。猴头菇含有多种氨基酸和丰富的多糖体,现代研究大多集中于猴头菇多糖的功效。然而,实验发现,猴头菇也含有较高的蛋白含量约为25克/100克。
目前市场上的蛋白粉产品主要以大豆蛋白粉和乳清蛋白粉为主,而大豆蛋白粉容易造成过敏等不适应症,因此从食用菌提取蛋白开发蛋白粉类产品填补了市场的空缺。
发明内容
针对以上不足,本发明提供以双孢蘑菇、香菇和猴头菇为原料制备复合蛋白粉的方法,富含蛋白质和活性多糖,既能提供丰富的蛋白营养,又可以调节肠道菌群,增强免疫力。
本发明通过以下方案达到上述目的:
第一方面,提供一种复合食用菌蛋白粉的制备方法,包括:
(1)、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:2:1~1:9:1在10-20℃中进行脱水粉碎;
(2)、加入5-30倍体积水浸泡0.5-2小时,调节溶液pH值至8-11,然后在50℃浸提1-4小时,并使用超声波震荡;
(3)、重复步骤(2)提取2-3次,抽滤;
(4)、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩喷雾干燥成粉末;
(5)、加入重量百分比5%-20%的卵磷脂颗粒、30%-70%的乳清蛋白粉,得到复合蛋白粉。
优选的,所述制备方法的步骤(1)中将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品的质量比例为1:8:1。
在这样的质量比例中,复合蛋白粉具有更高的蛋白含量。
优选的,所述制备方法的步骤(2)中:加入5-30倍体积水浸泡1小时。
在一个优选的实施例中,一种复合食用菌蛋白粉的制备方法,包括:
(1)、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:8:1在10-20℃中进行脱水粉碎;
(2)、加入5-30倍体积水浸泡1小时,调节溶液pH值至8-11,然后在50℃浸提1-4小时,并使用超声波震荡;
(3)、重复步骤(2)提取2-3次,抽滤;
(4)、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩喷雾干燥成粉末;
(5)、加入重量百分比5%-20%的卵磷脂颗粒、30%-70%的乳清蛋白粉,得到复合蛋白粉。
本发明提供的制备方法中,食用菌来源方便,蛋白质含量和活性多糖含量丰富并且相互互补。
本发明提供的上述制备方法中,通过原料配比的筛选,并加入适当比例的卵磷脂颗粒,乳清蛋白粉,使得提取干燥的粉末更加容易溶解,营养更全面。
第二方面,提供一种上述制备方法制备得到的复合食用菌蛋白粉。
经检测,制备得到的复合食用菌蛋白粉含有60%左右的蛋白含量以及30%左右的多糖含量,并且蛋白营养全面。
第三方面,提供一种上述复合食用菌蛋白粉的应用,包括调整肠道菌群、和/或提高免疫力。
第四方面,提供一种上述复合食用菌蛋白粉在制备调整肠道菌群、和/或提高免疫力的药物或保健品方面的应用。
第五方面,提供一种调整肠道菌群和/或提高免疫力的药物或保健品,所述药物或保健品包括上述制备的复合食用菌蛋白粉。
优选的,所述药物还包括药学上可接受的载体。
如本发明所用,术语“药学上可接受的载体”指用于治疗剂给药的载体,包括各种赋形剂和稀释剂。该术语指这样一些药剂载体:它们本身并不是必要的活性成分,且施用后没有过分的毒性。合适的载体是本领域普通技术人员所熟知的。在《雷明顿药物科学》(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Pub.Co.,N.J.1991)中可找到关于药学上可接受的赋形剂的充分讨论。
本发明提供一种以双孢蘑菇、香菇和猴头菇为原料制备复合蛋白粉的方法,通过原料筛选、配比筛选、低温脱水粉粹,浸泡和调节pH值并在特定温度下提取,缩短提取时间,并且加入特定比例卵磷脂颗粒提高蛋白之间溶解性,加入乳清蛋白粉丰富蛋白营养,使得提取得到的复合蛋白粉蛋白和多糖含量高,不需要进一步的提纯就可以直接用于调整肠道菌群及提高免疫力,具有显著的营养价值和经济价值。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步说明。
实施例1
(1)、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:2:1在10-20℃的低温中进行脱水粉碎。
(2)、加入10倍体积水浸泡1小时左右,调节溶液的pH值至9,然后50℃浸提1.5小时,并使用超声波震荡。
(3)、重复提取2次,抽滤,保存滤液。
(4)、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩冷冻干燥成粉末。
(5)、加入质量百分比1%的卵磷脂颗粒,15%乳清蛋白粉混合。
实施例2
(1)、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:8:1在10-20℃的低温中进行脱水粉碎。
(2)、加入10倍体积水浸泡1小时左右,调节溶液的pH值至9,然后50℃浸提1.5小时,并使用超声波震荡。
(3)、重复提取2次,抽滤,保存滤液。
(4)、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩冷冻干燥成粉末。
(5)、加入质量百分比1%的卵磷脂颗粒,15%乳清蛋白粉混合。
实施例3
(1)、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:4:1在10-20℃以下的低温中进行脱水粉碎。
(2)、加入20倍体积水浸泡1小时左右,调节溶液的PH值至9,然后50℃浸提2小时,并使用超声波震荡。
(3)、重复提取2次,抽滤,保存滤液。
(4)、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩冷冻干燥成粉末。
(5)、加入2%的卵磷脂颗粒,15%乳清蛋白粉混合。
试验例1蛋白质测定
采用自动凯氏定氮仪法进行实施例2制备的复合食用菌蛋白粉的测定:
(1)样品消解:精密称取已恒重并充分混匀的固体试样0.2000g至消化管中,加入0.20g硫酸铜、3.00g硫酸钾及10ml硫酸于消化炉(直线加热,420℃)进行消化,消解1h+20min(包含温度上升到420℃的时间),消解完全后溶液颜色为淡绿色至无色透明,待消化管消解完成冷却低于70℃可进行蛋白质测定。每次消解需要加空白对照,同样称取0.20g硫酸铜、3.00g硫酸钾及10ml硫酸。
(2)蛋白质测定:
检查→开机→仪器清洗→仪器空白测试→样品空白测试→样品测试→仪器
(3)测定结果
蛋白质(以干基计,N*6.25)/%=61%
采用该方法对加入卵磷脂颗粒和乳清蛋白粉之前的粉末进行蛋白质测定,得到蛋白质含量约为36%左右。
试验例2实施例2制备的复合食用菌蛋白粉的多糖含量测定
(1)标准曲线的绘制
精确称取无水葡萄糖1.250g,至250mL容量瓶中加蒸馏水定容,取1mL于50mL容量瓶,定容。
分别取0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0mL至试管,并分别加入蒸馏水补足1mL,分别加入6%苯酚1、5mL浓硫酸震荡,反应15min,于490nm处测定吸光值,得标准曲线回归方程为Y=0.961X+0.0198(R2=0.9981),表明葡萄糖标准溶液在吸光度线性范围内线性关系良好。
(2)取上述样品0.5g,精密称定,定容至100mL容量瓶中,再从中取1mL定容至10mL容量瓶中,并按照上述方法测定吸光度,计算得到总多糖含量约28%。
进一步分析此多糖,其主要组成为葡萄糖,半乳糖,甘露糖。
试验例3不同配比原料对菇蛋白含量的影响
采用试验例1的方法对于基本采用实施例2方法制备的未添加卵磷脂颗粒及乳清蛋白粉的粉末进行蛋白质测定,其中,第一组采用的香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品的质量比例为1:2:1,第二组采用的香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品的质量比例为1:8:1,测定两组的粉末的蛋白含量,该两组粉末均没有添加卵磷脂颗粒及乳清蛋白粉。
经过测定得知,第一组粉末的菇蛋白含量约28%,第二组粉末的菇蛋白含量约36%。
经分析得知,不同配比的香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇的提取的蛋白含量不同,发明人试验证实,在本发明的配比范围内能够得到较高的蛋白含量。并且,令人惊喜的是,在保持较高蛋白含量的同时,活性多糖含量也显著。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳的具体实施例,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,根据本发明的技术方案及其构思加以等同替换或改变,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (8)
1.一种复合食用菌蛋白粉的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:2:1~1:9:1在10-20℃中进行脱水粉碎;
(2)、加入5-30倍体积水浸泡0.5-2小时,调节溶液pH值至8-11,然后在50℃浸提1-4小时,并使用超声波震荡;
(3)、重复步骤(2)提取2-3次,抽滤;
(4)、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩喷雾干燥成粉末;
(5)、加入重量百分比5%-20%的卵磷脂颗粒、30%-70%的乳清蛋白粉,得到复合蛋白粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法的步骤(1)中将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品的质量比例为1:8:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法的步骤(2)中:加入5-30倍体积水浸泡1小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
(1)、将香菇、双孢蘑菇和猴头菇干品按质量比例1:8:1在10-20℃中进行脱水粉碎;
(2)、加入5-30倍体积水浸泡1小时,调节溶液pH值至8-11,然后在50℃浸提1-4小时,并使用超声波震荡;
(3)、重复步骤(2)提取2-3次,抽滤;
(4)、合并滤液,将滤液浓缩喷雾干燥成粉末;
(5)、加入重量百分比5%-20%的卵磷脂颗粒、30%-70%的乳清蛋白粉,得到复合蛋白粉。
5.一种权利要求1至4所述的制备方法制备得到的复合食用菌蛋白粉。
6.一种权利要求5所述的复合食用菌蛋白粉在制备调整肠道菌群、和/或提高免疫力的药物方面的应用。
7.一种调整肠道菌群和/或提高免疫力的药物,其特征在于,所述药物包括权利要求5所述的复合食用菌蛋白粉。
8.根据权利要求7所述的药物,其特征在于,还包括药学上可接受的载体。
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