CN111652490A - New deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on fracture mechanics theory - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on a fracture mechanics theory, and relates to the technical field of mine safety prediction. The method corrects the existing prediction method, and rarely realizes the problem that the existing qualitative evaluation effect is not suitable for the complex geological conditions of the current deep mine due to the consideration of crack propagation, particularly the propagation of shear cracks. According to the method, theoretical analysis, indoor tests and FRACOD numerical simulation are combined, the water inrush mechanism is researched through theoretical analysis, the lithology of a place and the whole water inrush process are researched and predicted through indoor test simulation, and after the test basic data and the test results are obtained, FRACOD numerical simulation software is further used for simulating crack propagation; the method is based on experimental and simulation results, and by applying methods such as statistical analysis and the like, relevant parameters such as the water guide channel, the water guide coefficient and the structural activation risk degree of the mining area and a water guide fitting equation are determined, so that quantitative evaluation of the deep mine tectonic water burst comprehensively considering multiple factors is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine safety prediction under complex conditions of high ground pressure, high confined water and the like of a deep mine, in particular to a novel method for predicting structural water inrush of the deep mine based on a fracture mechanics theory.
Background
As coal mining in North China and east China enters a deep mining stage, the traditional water inrush theory and prediction method are more and more difficult to adapt to the geomechanical environment of deep mining. Practice proves that water inrush is closely related to fracture structure, and the mining industry has achieved consensus: fault and concealed structure are key factors for water inrush. Experts and scholars at home and abroad use various means, such as fuzzy mathematics, neural networks, weight derivation, support vector machines and the like, to carry out a great deal of research on evaluation of the water inrush risk of the coal seam floor, the research promotes the development of the evaluation technology of the water inrush risk of the floor, a theoretical system for evaluating the water inrush of the coal seam floor is enriched and gradually formed, and some practical problems in the production process are solved. However, as mining of mines gradually enters deep parts, geological conditions and mining conditions are increasingly complex, and the water inrush mechanism is continuously and deeply recognized, many theoretical and practical problems still need to be further, more comprehensively and more deeply researched; the existing water inrush risk evaluation method is still to be further improved in terms of usability. Therefore, the evaluation method for coal seam floor water inrush needs to be continuously explored.
The activation of the fault under mining disturbance is a very complex geomechanical phenomenon and is influenced by a plurality of factors including the properties of the fault (occurrence, pressure bearing water pressure and the like), the rock crack state (crack occurrence, shear crack and the like) and mining stress and the like. To analyze deep mine tectonic water burst predictions, the effects of all of these factors must be considered simultaneously. However, in view of the current research situation, almost all evaluation methods related to the activation tendency of the water guide channel only take one or more of the factors into account in a setting or one-sided manner, and especially, the accurate prediction and characterization of the rock tensile cracks and shear cracks influencing the crack development in the water inrush process is still unsolved, so that a scientific and accurate quantitative evaluation and analysis method comprehensively considering multiple factors including the rock tensile cracks and shear cracks is urgently needed to be constructed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a new deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on a fracture mechanics theory, which corrects the existing qualitative evaluation effect that the existing prediction method can rarely realize the consideration of crack propagation, particularly the propagation of shear cracks, and is not suitable for the complex geological conditions of the current deep mine.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a new deep mine tectonic water inrush prediction method based on a fracture mechanics theory sequentially comprises the following steps:
s1, according to the obtained specific data of the mining area, combining theoretical analysis, indoor tests and FRACOD numerical simulation, predicting the site lithology and water inrush overall process through theoretical analysis research water inrush mechanism and indoor test simulation research, and after obtaining the test basic data and test results, further simulating crack propagation by using FRACOD numerical simulation software;
based on the obtained test result and the simulation result obtained by FRACOD numerical simulation software, a statistical analysis method is applied to determine relevant parameters of water guide channel/fracture penetration, water guide coefficient and structural activation risk degree of the mining area and a water inrush fitting equation Q (x, y, z, …), further determine a critical water guide parameter Q, determine the risk level according to the comparison of the fitting equation values and the critical point Q of each mining area, and realize quantitative evaluation;
s2, determining the water inrush risk level of the mine floor, preliminarily establishing an activation risk evaluation method for the deep mine fault and the hidden structure, wherein the activation risk evaluation method comprises the steps of inputting different spatial parameters and different stress environments and outputting the construction activation risk level grades, and realizing a new construction type water inrush quantitative evaluation method;
s3, the method is reversely corrected and evaluated according to actual geological conditions of the mine site and actual measurement data of the mine site, and the prediction precision and reliability are further improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the theoretical analysis is mainly performed based on fracture mechanics, the propagation of the crack is predicted based on the maximum strain energy release rate according to the specific construction environment, and if the crack propagates in any direction for a unit length, the new crack is an open crack, and there is no shear slip, the strain energy loss is GISimilarly, if the new crack has only shear dislocation and no open crack, the strain energy loss is GIIThe sum of the two is considered to determine crack initiation and propagation direction, and is expressed theoretically as follows:
wherein G isI(theta) and GII(theta) is the maximum strain energy release rate, GICAnd GIICAs a material strength parameter, when θ ═ θ0When F is the maximum value, then θ0And determining the crack initiation and propagation direction based on the theoretical analysis when the F is 1.0, and further determining the development direction of the water flowing crack.
As another preferred scheme of the invention, the indoor test is to simulate the water inrush generation process of the bottom plate under different bottom plate structures, mining processes or water-resisting layer property factors under different working conditions, visually display the spatial structure of the overburden layer and the distribution form of water sand channels after coal mining, reproduce the whole process of water inrush and sand inrush disaster on the working face, and obtain the influence rule of different lateral stresses and osmotic water pressures on the permeability of the site rock and the shear strength characteristic of the rock.
Preferably, the equipment required by the indoor test mainly comprises a coal seam floor water inrush simulation test system, a mining roof water inrush and sand bursting simulation test system, a rock stress seepage coupling true triaxial test system and an MTS direct shear test system.
Further preferably, the FRACOD numerical simulation is based on parameters obtained by tests, and mutual verification is performed, so that the simulated crack propagation result is closer to reality, and the FRACOD numerical simulation comprises the following specific steps:
s101, determining specific problems to be researched, acquiring parameters acquired under field working conditions, determining a simulated stress level and a stress field environment, and determining symmetric conditions during simulation;
s102, determining the fracture toughness parameter K of the type I and type II cracks of the rock mass based on the coal-rock elastic mechanical property determined by indoor tests and adopted in simulationICAnd KIICAnd destruction form mat;
s103, determining and providing fracture surface contact characteristics, giving jmat, ks, kn, phi, coh, alert 0 and alert _ r parameters, defining a random fracture starting point at a complete rock or a boundary, allowing internal and boundary fracture, in-situ stress parameters, and prefabricating construction surface and anchor rod parameters;
s104, calculating the development condition of the water guide channel expansion, and determining the development condition of the water guide fracture in the mining area.
Preferably, the indoor test can assist the computer tomography scanning reconstruction technology to invert the fracture space-time evolution characteristics, and the water conductivity coefficient and the fault surface roughness of the test piece at each stage of the direct shear test are measured through a penetration test and a three-dimensional roughness meter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention comprehensively applies the rock fracture mechanics theory, researches the fracture propagation evolution mechanism of the fault and the hidden structure through a large-size test piece direct shear test and a computer chromatography scanning reconstruction technology, and defines the formation process of the water inrush channel; through penetration test and three-dimensional roughness meter detection, the water guide coefficient and the fault surface roughness change rule in the test piece direct shear test process are explored; the FRACOD simulation software is applied to intuitively and obviously simulate the bottom plate water inrush problem caused by deep mine faults and hidden structures from the crack propagation angle. And finally, establishing a deep mine fault and hidden structure activation risk quantitative evaluation system, verifying the rationality of the evaluation system through means such as field test and the like, feeding back data in real time, correcting the system, and improving the reliability of the system.
The invention provides a new criterion for deep mine fault and concealed structure activation based on rock fracture mechanics, obtains the influence degrees of different spatial distribution parameters and different mining conditions on the fault and concealed structure activation, determines relevant parameters of a water guide channel (crack penetration), a water guide coefficient, the structure activation danger degree and the like and a water inrush fitting equation Q (x, y, z, …), determines a water guide critical parameter Q, determines the danger level according to the comparison of fitting equation values and critical points Q of all regions of a mine area, realizes quantitative evaluation, and can be corrected continuously according to the actual field to really realize quantitative evaluation of deep structure mine type water inrush prediction.
The invention realizes the quantitative evaluation of the deep mine tectonic type water inrush comprehensively considering multiple factors.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a new method for predicting water inrush of deep mine tectonic type based on fracture mechanics theory according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Queen coal mine water inrush fitting equation Q (x, y, z, …).
Detailed Description
The invention provides a new method for predicting deep mine tectonic water inrush based on fracture mechanics theory, and in order to make the advantages and technical scheme of the invention clearer and clearer, the invention is explained in detail by combining specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a new deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on a fracture mechanics theory, which comprises the following specific steps of:
according to the obtained specific data of the mining area, theoretical analysis, indoor tests and FRACOD numerical simulation are combined, the water inrush mechanism is researched through theoretical analysis, the lithology of the site and the water inrush overall process are researched and predicted through indoor test simulation, after the basic data and the test results of the tests are obtained, FRACOD numerical simulation software is further used for simulating crack propagation (water inrush channels), and the simulated crack propagation result is closer to the reality.
Based on experimental and simulation results, relevant parameters such as a water guide channel (crack is through), a water guide coefficient and a structural activation risk degree of the mining area and the like are determined by using methods such as statistical analysis and the like, a water inrush fitting equation Q (x, y, z and …) is determined, a water guide critical parameter Q is determined, a risk grade is determined according to comparison of fitting equation values and critical points Q of each mining area, and quantitative evaluation is achieved.
And step two, determining the water inrush risk level of the mine floor, initially establishing a deep mine fault and hidden structure activation risk evaluation method which inputs different space parameters and different stress environments such as mining height, buried depth, shear stress, pressure bearing water pressure and the like, and outputs the parameters to structure activation risk level grading, and realizing a new structure type water inrush quantitative evaluation method.
And thirdly, reversely correcting the evaluation method according to the actual geological conditions of the mine site and the actual measurement data of the mine site, and further improving the accuracy and reliability of prediction.
In the indoor test, the similar simulation test system can simulate the water inrush generation process of the bottom plate under different working conditions and on factors such as different bottom plate structures, mining processes, water-resisting layer properties and the like; the method comprises the steps of utilizing a mining roof water burst sand bursting simulation test system to seal three-dimensional mining and acquire multivariate data acquisition to obtain deformation and damage characteristics of an overlying strata, fracture development rules, formation of water sand channels and burst parameters in the mining process of a working face, visually displaying the spatial structure of the overlying strata and the distribution form of the water sand channels after coal mining, and reproducing the whole process of water burst sand bursting disaster of the working face; obtaining the influence rule of different lateral stresses and osmotic water pressures on the permeability characteristics of the rocks on site by adopting a rock stress seepage coupling true triaxial test system; the shear strength characteristics were obtained by performing a direct shear test on a large-sized test piece (200 mm. times.200 mm. times.340 mm) using an MTS direct shear test system.
The indoor test can assist the computer tomography scanning reconstruction technology to invert the time-space evolution characteristics of the fracture, and the water guide coefficient and the fault surface roughness of the test piece at each stage of the direct shear test are measured through the penetration test and the three-dimensional roughness meter.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
the method is applied to the quantitative evaluation of the Kingchi Ore tectonic water inrush, and comprises the following specific steps:
determining basic parameters such as mining height, burial depth and dip angle according to the acquired data of the working face XXX of the King building and mine; and then, measuring mechanical parameters of a roof and a bottom plate of the XXX working surface of the Queen building and a coal seam rock through an indoor mechanical experiment, and influencing numerical simulation by depending on the measured parameters. Theoretical analysis, indoor test and FRACOD numerical simulation are combined, the water inrush mechanism is researched through the theoretical analysis, the lithology of the predicted place can be researched through the indoor test, and after the basic data are obtained, FRACOD numerical simulation software is used for simulating crack propagation (water inrush channel). And (3) determining relevant parameters of a water guide channel (crack is through), a water guide coefficient, a structural activation risk degree and the like of the mining area and a water inrush fitting equation Q (x, y, z, …), determining a water guide critical parameter Q, and determining a risk level according to comparison of fitting equation values and critical points Q of various mining areas to realize quantitative evaluation.
And step two, determining the water inrush risk grade of the mine bottom plate of the XXX working face of the Queen building, preliminarily establishing a deep mine fault and hidden structure activation risk evaluation method with different spatial parameters and different stress environments, such as mining height, buried depth, shear stress, pressure-bearing water pressure and the like, and outputting the results to structure activation risk grade, so as to realize a new structural water inrush quantitative evaluation method.
And thirdly, reversely correcting the evaluation method according to the actual field geological conditions and the actual field measured data of the working surface XXX of the King building and the mine, and further improving the accuracy and the reliability of prediction as shown in figure 2.
The numerical simulation is carried out by using FRACOD simulation software, so that the simulated crack propagation result is closer to reality, and the specific simulation comprises the following steps:
(1) in order to research the water inrush danger condition of a mine on a XXX working face of a King building, firstly, acquiring the field actual geological condition and the field actual measurement data of the XXX working face of the King building, determining a simulated stress level and a stress field environment (STRESSES-2.00e +6-2.00e +06-00.0e6), and determining a symmetric condition (SYMM 300) during simulation;
(2) based on the coal-rock elastic mechanical property adopted by simulation determined by indoor tests, fracture toughness parameters and destruction form mat (TOUK1.5e6, 3.0e6, 1) of I-type cracks and II-type cracks of rock mass are given;
(3) determining other parameters, such as fracture surface contact characteristics, giving parameters, defining a random fracture initiation point at the complete rock or boundary, allowing internal and boundary fractures, in-situ stress parameters, and prefabricating construction surfaces, bolts, and the like;
(4) calculating the development condition of the water guide channel expansion, and determining the development condition of the water guide crack in the mining area;
(5) based on experimental and simulation results, relevant parameters such as a water guide channel (crack is through), a water guide coefficient and a structural activation risk degree of the mining area and a water guide fitting equation Q (x, y, z, …) are determined by using methods such as statistical analysis and the like, a water guide critical parameter Q is determined as shown in FIG. 2, a risk level is determined according to comparison of fitting equation values and critical points Q of various mining areas, and quantitative evaluation is achieved.
Parts not described in the above modes can be realized by adopting or referring to the prior art.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A new deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on a fracture mechanics theory is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
s1, according to the obtained specific data of the mining area, combining theoretical analysis, indoor tests and FRACOD numerical simulation, predicting the site lithology and water inrush overall process through theoretical analysis research water inrush mechanism and indoor test simulation research, and after obtaining the test basic data and test results, further simulating crack propagation by using FRACOD numerical simulation software;
based on the obtained test result and the simulation result obtained by FRACOD numerical simulation software, a statistical analysis method is applied to determine relevant parameters of water guide channel/fracture penetration, water guide coefficient and structural activation risk degree of the mining area and a water inrush fitting equation Q (x, y, z, …), further determine a critical water guide parameter Q, determine the risk level according to the comparison of the fitting equation values and the critical point Q of each mining area, and realize quantitative evaluation;
s2, determining the water inrush risk level of the mine floor, preliminarily establishing an activation risk evaluation method for the deep mine fault and the hidden structure, wherein the activation risk evaluation method comprises the steps of inputting different spatial parameters and different stress environments and outputting the construction activation risk level grades, and realizing a new construction type water inrush quantitative evaluation method;
s3, the method is reversely corrected and evaluated according to actual geological conditions of the mine site and actual measurement data of the mine site, and the prediction precision and reliability are further improved.
2. The new deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on fracture mechanics theory as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that:
in step S1, the theoretical analysis is mainly carried out based on fracture mechanics, the propagation of the crack is predicted based on the maximum strain energy release rate according to the specific construction environment, and if the crack propagates in any direction for a unit length, the new crack is an open crack and no shear dislocation exists, the strain energy loss is GIIn the same way, new cracksIf there is no crack opening by shear dislocation alone, the strain energy loss is GIIThe sum of the two is considered to determine crack initiation and propagation direction, and is expressed theoretically as follows:
wherein G isI(theta) and GII(theta) is the maximum strain energy release rate, GICAnd GIICAs a material strength parameter, when θ ═ θ0When F is the maximum value, then θ0And determining the crack initiation and propagation direction based on the theoretical analysis when the F is 1.0, and further determining the development direction of the water flowing crack.
3. The new method for predicting the water inrush of the deep mine tectonic type based on the fracture mechanics theory as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the indoor test is to simulate the water inrush generation process of the bottom plate under different bottom plate structures, mining processes or water-resisting layer property factors under different working conditions, visually display the spatial structure of the overlying strata and the distribution form of water sand channels after coal mining, reproduce the whole process of water inrush and sand inrush disasters of the working face and obtain the influence rules of different lateral stresses and osmotic water pressures on the permeability characteristics of the on-site rock and the shear strength characteristics of the rock.
4. The new deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on the fracture mechanics theory as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that:
the equipment required by the indoor test mainly comprises a coal seam floor water inrush simulation test system, a mining roof water inrush and sand bursting simulation test system, a rock stress seepage coupling true triaxial test system and an MTS direct shear test system.
5. The new deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on fracture mechanics theory as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the FRACOD numerical simulation is based on parameters obtained by tests, mutual evidences are provided, so that the simulated crack propagation result is closer to reality, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
s101, determining specific problems to be researched, acquiring parameters acquired under field working conditions, determining a simulated stress level and a stress field environment, and determining symmetric conditions during simulation;
s102, determining the fracture toughness parameter K of the type I and type II cracks of the rock mass based on the coal-rock elastic mechanical property determined by indoor tests and adopted in simulationICAnd KIICAnd destruction form mat;
s103, determining and providing fracture surface contact characteristics, giving jmat, ks, kn, phi, coh, alert 0 and alert _ r parameters, defining a random fracture starting point at a complete rock or a boundary, allowing internal and boundary fracture, in-situ stress parameters, and prefabricating construction surface and anchor rod parameters;
s104, calculating the development condition of the water guide channel expansion, and determining the development condition of the water guide fracture in the mining area.
6. The new deep mine tectonic type water inrush prediction method based on fracture mechanics theory as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the indoor test can assist the computer tomography scanning reconstruction technology to invert the time-space evolution characteristics of the fracture, and the water conductivity coefficient and the fault surface roughness of the test piece at each stage of the direct shear test are measured through a penetration test and a three-dimensional roughness meter.
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