CN111646452A - Nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of battery materials. The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material synthesizes novel Na by adopting an electrochemical stripping method0.5VOPO4·2H2The O compound is used as the positive electrode material of the sodium ion battery, and the specific preparation process is optimized and improved, so that the working voltage is better improved, the electrochemical activity of sodium ions is effectively improved, and the positive electrode of the sodium ion battery is enrichedThe anode material system has the advantages of high energy density, simple preparation process, less time consumption and short flow, and is one of ideal anodes of energy storage sodium ion batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery materials, and particularly relates to a nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Since the industrial revolution, fossil energy has been used as a main energy source in human society. With the development of scientific technology, the human demand for energy is increasing, and thus the human faces the gradual exhaustion of the traditional fossil energy and a series of environmental problems brought by the traditional fossil energy. The development of renewable clean energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and tidal energy as alternative energy sources to traditional fossil energy sources has been slow. However, the secondary energy source has intermittency and fluctuation, and an efficient energy storage device needs to be developed. The lithium ion battery is an energy storage device with the widest application range at present due to the advantages of long cycle life, high energy density and the like. However, the development of lithium ion batteries is limited due to the resource shortage, uneven distribution and high price of the lithium metal.
The metal sodium and the metal lithium are in the same main group and have similar physicochemical properties, and the reaction principle of the sodium ion battery and the lithium ion battery is also similar. The raw material stock of sodium is richer than that of lithium, and the price is lower, so that the sodium-ion battery becomes an ideal substitute for the lithium-ion battery. The positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery is one of the key parts, and at present, the positive electrode material mainly adopted in the market is polyanion compound, and the working voltage provided by the polyanion compound is lower. For example, Seung-MinOh et al (electrochem. Commun.,22(2012), pp.149-152) used an electrochemical method to synthesize olivine-type NaFePO4Having an operating voltage of 2.7V; heejin Kim et al (adv. Funct. Mater.,23(2013), pp.1147-1155) Synthesis of Na by solid phase reaction2FeP2O7With an operating voltage of 3.0V. Although the material can be applied to the positive electrode of the sodium-ion battery, the problem of low working voltage is generally existed.
Researchers have found that vanadium-based phosphates that provide relatively high operating voltages are considered to be more potential battery positive electrode materials. Through retrieval, relevant patents have been published on the preparation method of the vanadium-based phosphate cathode material. For example, the application with the Chinese patent application number of 201611088209.3 discloses the preparation of a vanadium sodium phosphate cathode material, the cathode material and the application thereof, the vanadium sodium phosphate cathode material for a sodium ion battery is prepared by selecting proper raw materials and a simple and traditional wet phase ball milling method, and a sodium source adopted by the vanadium sodium phosphate cathode material is one or more than two of sodium acetate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate and sodium hydroxide; the phosphorus source is one or more of diammonium hydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium phosphate. Although the application can improve the effective specific capacity and structural stability of the material, the working voltage provided by the application needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
The invention aims to solve the problem that the working voltage provided by the conventional sodium-ion battery anode material is generally low, and provides a nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a novel sodium-ion battery anode material and a preparation method thereof, and Na is utilized0.5VOPO4·2H2The O is used as the anode material of the sodium ion battery, thereby better improving the working voltage, effectively improving the electrochemical activity of sodium ions, enriching the anode material system of the sodium ion battery, having large energy density, simple preparation process, less time consumption and short flow, and being one of the ideal anodes of the energy storage sodium ion battery.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a preparation method of a nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material, which comprises the following steps of:
dissolving a sodium source and a phosphorus source in deionized water to serve as an electrolyte solution, then taking a vanadium sheet as an anode and a platinum sheet as a cathode, and carrying out electrochemical stripping reaction on the vanadium sheet in the electrolyte solution by taking the platinum sheet as a counter electrode;
and step two, after reacting for a period of time, replacing the anode with a platinum sheet for continuous reaction, and repeatedly washing and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate with the nano flaky structure.
Further, the sodium source in the first step is at least one of sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate.
Further, the phosphorus source in the first step is at least one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and metaphosphoric acid.
Further, in the first step, the molar ratio of the sodium source to the phosphorus source is 1: 3-5: 1.
furthermore, the area of the vanadium sheet in the step one is 1-3cm2The thickness of the material is 0.1-0.3 mm.
Furthermore, in the first step, the electrode distance between the vanadium sheet and the platinum sheet is 2-5cm during the electrochemical stripping reaction.
Furthermore, the reaction voltage of the electrochemical stripping reaction in the first step is 5-20V, the reaction time is 2-10min, the reaction voltage of the anode is changed into a platinum sheet to continue the reaction in the second step is 5-20V, and the reaction time is 15-40 min.
Furthermore, the washing mode after the reaction in the second step is that deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol are adopted for centrifugal washing for three times respectively; the drying method is vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 6-24 hours.
The nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material is prepared by the preparation method, and is of a nano flaky structure, and the thickness of the nano sheet is 20-50 nm.
The invention relates to an application of a nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material, in particular to an application of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material in a sodium-ion battery.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material synthesizes novel Na by utilizing an electrochemical stripping method0.5VOPO4·2H2The O compound is used as the positive electrode material of the sodium ion battery, and the preparation process of the O compound is optimized and improved, so that the working voltage is effectively improved, the electrochemical activity of sodium ions is improved, the positive electrode material system of the sodium ion battery is enriched, the energy density of hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate is high, and the O compound is one of ideal positive electrodes of energy storage sodium ion batteries.
(2) According to the preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material, the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate can provide high working voltage of about 3.5V and has application potential in the cathode material of a sodium-ion battery; and because the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate is of a nano flaky structure, the two-dimensional layered structure of the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate obviously improves the diffusion rate of sodium ions and promotes reversible transformation with an intercalation behavior. In addition, hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate has a structure H between layers2The interlayer spacing of the electrode material is enlarged by the O molecules, so that the intercalation or deintercalation of sodium ions is facilitated, and the electrochemical activity of the sodium ions is obviously improved.
(3) According to the preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material, the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate is prepared by adopting an electrochemical stripping method, so that the influence of certain adverse factors such as a complicated synthesis process, high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, requirements of a soft template and a hard template, long-time reaction, use of a toxic surfactant and the like is avoided, and the preparation method is simple in synthesis process, short in time consumption and easy to popularize and use. Meanwhile, when the electrochemical stripping method is adopted for reaction, the solution temperature is gradually increased due to exothermic reaction, and the electrochemical oxidation of vanadium metal can be promoted.
(4) The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material also optimizes specific process parameters of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material, such as electrode spacing, reaction voltage, reaction time and the like, so that the working voltage of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate prepared by the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material is further improved. In addition, the invention also optimizes the sodium source, the phosphorus source and the molar ratio of the sodium source and the phosphorus source in the preparation process, and optimizes the washing and drying processes after the reaction is finished, thereby further ensuring that hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate with higher working voltage can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a product obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of the product obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first-cycle charge-discharge curve diagram of the product obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Although the raw material stock of sodium is rich and the price is lower, the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery mainly adopted in the market at present is polyanion compound, and the working voltage provided by the polyanion compound is generally lower, so that the preparation of the positive electrode material of the sodium-ion battery with relatively higher working voltage is necessary.
Based on the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material, which is used for synthesizing novel nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate serving as a sodium-ion battery anode material by an electrochemical stripping method, so that an anode material system of a sodium-ion battery is enriched. The hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate has high energy density, can provide about 3.5V of working voltage and has application potential in the positive electrode material of a sodium-ion battery; and because the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate is of a nano flaky structure, the two-dimensional layered structure of the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate obviously improves the diffusion rate of sodium ions, the diffusion coefficient of the sodium ions is several orders of magnitude higher than that of tunnel-shaped sodium vanadyl phosphate, and the reversible transformation with an embedding behavior is promoted. The hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate prepared by the invention has a structure H between layers2The interlayer spacing of the electrode material is enlarged by the O molecules, so that the intercalation or deintercalation of sodium ions is facilitated, and the electrochemical activity of the sodium ions is also obviously improved.
In addition, the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate is prepared by adopting an electrochemical stripping method, so that the influence of certain adverse factors such as complicated synthesis process, high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, requirements of soft and hard templates, long-time reaction, use of toxic surfactants and the like is avoided, and the method is simple in synthesis process, short in time consumption and easy to popularize and use; meanwhile, when the electrochemical stripping method is adopted for reaction, the solution temperature is gradually increased due to exothermic reaction, and the electrochemical oxidation of vanadium metal can be promoted. The invention also carries out optimized design on the whole preparation process, and strictly controls the specific process parameters of the electrochemical stripping reaction, such as electrode spacing, reaction voltage, reaction time and the like, thereby further ensuring that hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate with higher working voltage can be obtained; meanwhile, the sodium source, the phosphorus source, the mole ratio of the sodium source and the phosphorus source, and the washing and drying process after the reaction are optimally designed, so that the preparation of the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate is further guaranteed, the higher working voltage can be provided, the preparation process is simple, the consumed time is short, and the method is favorable for popularization.
Specifically, the preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material comprises the following steps of:
adding a certain amount of sodium source and phosphorus source into deionized water, dissolving the sodium source and phosphorus source into the deionized water in a magnetic stirring manner to be used as an electrolyte solution, then taking a vanadium sheet as an anode and a platinum sheet as a cathode, and carrying out electrochemical stripping reaction on the vanadium sheet in the electrolyte solution by taking the platinum sheet as a counter electrode, wherein the reaction voltage of the electrochemical stripping reaction is 5-20V, and the reaction time is 2-10 min.
The sodium source in the first step is at least one of sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate; the phosphorus source in the first step is at least one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and metaphosphoric acid, and the molar ratio of the sodium source to the phosphorus source is 1: 3-5: 1. the first step adopts a magnetic stirring mode to dissolve the sodium source and the phosphorus source in the deionized water, and the solute can be fully mixed and contacted in the solvent by adopting the magnetic stirring mode, so that the stirring is more uniform, the reaction is more sufficient, in addition, the temperature and the time can be controlled for stirring, and the stirring effect is further improved. The area of the vanadium sheet in the step one is 1-3cm2The thickness of the film is 0.1-0.3 mm; in the first step, the electrode distance between the vanadium sheet and the platinum sheet is 2-5cm when the electrochemical stripping reaction is carried out; distance between electrodes, applied voltage and electrode area in electrochemical stripping reaction processThickness influence, by setting different reaction parameters, so as to carry out multiple experiments to obtain the optimal synthesis conditions.
Step two, after a vanadium sheet is taken as an anode and a platinum sheet is taken as a cathode to carry out electrochemical stripping reaction for a period of time, the anode is replaced by the platinum sheet to carry out reaction continuously, both the cathode and the anode are platinum sheets, the reaction voltage is 5-20V during the electrochemical stripping reaction, the reaction time is 15-40min, and the electrode spacing is kept unchanged; after the reaction is finished, deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol are adopted for centrifugal washing for three times respectively, and then vacuum drying is carried out to obtain the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate with the nano flaky structure, wherein the drying temperature during vacuum drying is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 6-24 hours. It is worth mentioning that washing with absolute ethanol can remove water-insoluble impurities on the surface of the product and adsorbed water on the surface of the product; the boiling point of the liquid to be expelled can be reduced by adopting a vacuum drying mode, the nano-sheet can be used for heat-sensitive substances, the drying time can be shortened, other substances are not remained after the nano-sheet is completely dried, the nano-sheet can keep the shape and is not easy to break, and the product is prevented from being oxidized.
The nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material is prepared by the preparation method, and is of a nano flaky structure, and the thickness of the nano sheet is 20-50 nm. It is worth to be noted that the effect of the applied voltage and current during the electrochemical stripping process and the synergistic effect of the exothermic reaction to raise the temperature of the solution promote the assembly of the nanoparticles into the nano-sheet structure.
The nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material prepared by the preparation method can be better applied to sodium-ion batteries.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the embodiments described are only some representative embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
3.551g (25mmol) of sodium sulfate and 2.8755g (25mmol) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are accurately weighed, added into 50mL of deionized water, magnetically stirred at room temperature for 10min, the solution is transferred into a 100mL electrolytic cell, and then an area of 2cm is accurately measured2And a vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.2mm, wherein the vanadium sheet is taken as an anode, a platinum sheet is taken as a cathode, the electrode distance is adjusted to be 3cm, and an electrochemical workstation is used for adjusting the voltage to 20V to carry out electrochemical stripping reaction for 3 min. And then replacing the anode by using a platinum sheet, wherein the cathode and the anode are both platinum sheets, keeping the electrode distance of 3cm between the cathode and the anode, continuously reacting for 20min by using 10V voltage, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying in vacuum at 60 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of the product obtained in this embodiment, and it can be seen from the image that the product obtained in this embodiment has a nanosheet structure, and the thickness of the nanosheet is 20-50 nm. FIG. 2 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the product obtained in this example, wherein all X-ray powder diffraction peaks are indicated by Na0.5VOPO4·2H2O (JCPDS card No. 81-1929), it can be seen that the preparation method of this example can obtain pure-phase hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate (Na)0.5VOPO4·2H2O) material. FIG. 3 shows the product obtained in this example as a half cell for sodium tablets at a current density of 10mAg-1The first circle of cyclic specific capacity-voltage curve chart of the lower constant current charge-discharge test has a discharge voltage platform of 3.5V and a capacity of 103mAhg-1The lithium ion battery cathode material shows a higher voltage platform and a higher capacity and is a potential cathode material of a sodium ion battery.
Example 2
3.551g (25mmol) of sodium sulfate and 0.560g (5mmol) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate are accurately weighed, added into 50mL of deionized water, magnetically stirred at room temperature for 10min, the solution is transferred to a 100mL electrolytic cell, and then an area of 1.5cm is accurately measured2The vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm is used as an anode, the platinum sheet is used as a cathode, the electrode distance is adjusted to be 2cm, and an electrochemical workstation is used for adjusting the voltage to 10V for carrying out electrochemical stripping reaction3 min. And then replacing the anode by using a platinum sheet, wherein the cathode and the anode are both platinum sheets, keeping the electrode distance of 2cm between the cathode and the anode, continuously reacting for 15min by using a voltage of 15V, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying in vacuum at 80 ℃ for 6 hours to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Example 3
1.461g (25mmol) of sodium chloride, 1.438g (12.5mmol) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.400g (12.5mmol) of sodium dihydrogen phosphate are accurately weighed, added into 50mL of deionized water, magnetically stirred at room temperature for 10min, the solution is transferred to a 100mL electrolytic cell, and a piece of sodium dihydrogen phosphate with the area of 1cm is accurately measured2And a vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.3mm, wherein the vanadium sheet is taken as an anode, a platinum sheet is taken as a cathode, the electrode distance is adjusted to be 3.5cm, and an electrochemical workstation is used for adjusting the voltage to 5V to carry out electrochemical stripping reaction for 3 min. And then replacing the anode by using a platinum sheet, wherein the cathode and the anode are both platinum sheets, keeping the electrode distance of 3.5cm between the cathode and the anode, continuously reacting for 30min by using 10V voltage, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying for 9 hours in vacuum at 70 ℃ to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Example 4
Accurately weighing 1.420g (10mmol) of sodium sulfate and 1.960g (20mmol) of phosphoric acid, adding into 50mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min, transferring the solution into a 100mL electrolytic cell, and accurately measuring a piece of 2 cm-area2And a vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.1mm, taking the vanadium sheet as an anode, taking a platinum sheet as a cathode, adjusting the electrode distance to be 2.5cm, and adjusting the voltage to 15V by using an electrochemical workstation to perform electrochemical stripping reaction for 3 min. And then replacing the anode by using a platinum sheet, wherein the cathode and the anode are both platinum sheets, keeping the electrode distance of 2.5cm between the cathode and the anode, continuously reacting for 40min by using a voltage of 5V, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying in vacuum at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 18 hours to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Example 5
2.125g (25mmol) of sodium nitrate and 2.000g (25mmol) of metaphosphorus are weighed accuratelyAdding acid into 50mL deionized water, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min, transferring the solution into 100mL electrolytic cell, and accurately measuring a piece of solution with area of 2.5cm2And a vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.2mm, wherein the vanadium sheet is taken as an anode, a platinum sheet is taken as a cathode, the electrode distance is adjusted to 4.5cm, and an electrochemical workstation is used for adjusting the voltage to 17.5V to carry out electrochemical stripping reaction for 3 min. And then replacing the anode by using a platinum sheet, wherein the cathode and the anode are both platinum sheets, keeping the electrode distance of 4.5cm between the cathode and the anode, continuously reacting for 25min by using a voltage of 12.5V, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying in vacuum at 70 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Example 6
Accurately weighing 0.731g (12.5mmol) sodium chloride, 1.776g (12.5mmol) sodium sulfate and 2.8755g (25mmol) ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into 50mL deionized water, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min, transferring the solution into a 100mL electrolytic cell, and accurately measuring a piece of sodium chloride with an area of 2cm2And a vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.25mm, taking the vanadium sheet as an anode and a platinum sheet as a cathode, adjusting the electrode distance to be 5cm, and adjusting the voltage to be 12.5V by using an electrochemical workstation to perform an electrochemical stripping reaction for 3 min. And then replacing the anode by using a platinum sheet, wherein the cathode and the anode are both platinum sheets, keeping the electrode distance of 5cm between the cathode and the anode, continuously reacting for 30min by using a voltage of 20V, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying in vacuum at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 15 hours to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Example 7
Accurately weighing 0.731g (12.5mmol) of sodium chloride and 4.3135g (37.5mmol) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into 50mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min, transferring the solution into a 100mL electrolytic cell, and accurately measuring a piece of 3cm area2And a vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.2mm, wherein the vanadium sheet is taken as an anode, a platinum sheet is taken as a cathode, the electrode distance is adjusted to 4cm, and an electrochemical workstation is used for adjusting the voltage to 20V to carry out electrochemical stripping reaction for 2 min. The anode was then replaced with a platinum plate, both the cathode and the anode being platinum plates, and the cathode and the anode were held between 4cm of the electrodesAnd (3) continuously reacting for 25min by using a voltage of 12.5V, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying the reaction product in vacuum at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Example 8
Accurately weighing 2.125g (25mmol) of sodium nitrate and 0.5751g (5mmol) of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, adding into 50mL of deionized water, magnetically stirring at room temperature for 10min, transferring the solution into a 100mL electrolytic cell, and accurately measuring a piece of solution with an area of 2.5cm2And a vanadium sheet with the thickness of 0.2mm, wherein the vanadium sheet is taken as an anode, a platinum sheet is taken as a cathode, the electrode distance is adjusted to be 3cm, and an electrochemical workstation is used for adjusting the voltage to 5V to carry out electrochemical stripping reaction for 10 min. And then replacing the anode by using a platinum sheet, wherein the cathode and the anode are both platinum sheets, keeping the electrode distance of 3cm between the cathode and the anode, continuously reacting for 25min by using a voltage of 12.5V, finally centrifugally washing the reaction product by using deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol for three times respectively, and drying in vacuum at 70 ℃ for 24 hours to obtain the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
dissolving a sodium source and a phosphorus source in deionized water to serve as an electrolyte solution, then taking a vanadium sheet as an anode and a platinum sheet as a cathode, and carrying out electrochemical stripping reaction on the vanadium sheet in the electrolyte solution by taking the platinum sheet as a counter electrode;
and step two, after reacting for a period of time, replacing the anode with a platinum sheet for continuous reaction, and repeatedly washing and drying after the reaction is finished to obtain the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate with the nano flaky structure.
2. The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the sodium source in the step one is at least one of sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate.
3. The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the phosphorus source in the first step is at least one of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and metaphosphoric acid.
4. The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as claimed in claim 3, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the molar ratio of the sodium source to the phosphorus source is 1: 3-5: 1.
5. the preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the area of the vanadium sheet in the step one is 1-3cm2The thickness of the material is 0.1-0.3 mm.
6. The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as claimed in claim 5, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: in the first step, the electrode distance between the vanadium sheet and the platinum sheet is 2-5cm during the electrochemical stripping reaction.
7. The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the reaction voltage of the electrochemical stripping reaction in the first step is 5-20V, the reaction time is 2-10min, the reaction voltage of the anode is changed into a platinum sheet in the second step, the reaction is continued, and the reaction time is 15-40 min.
8. The preparation method of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material as claimed in claim 6, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the washing mode after the reaction in the second step is that deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol are adopted for centrifugal washing for three times respectively; the drying method is vacuum drying, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, and the drying time is 6-24 hours.
9. A nano-flake hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the nano-flake hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material is characterized in that: the hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material is of a nano flaky structure, and the thickness of the nano sheet is 20-50 nm.
10. The application of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate anode material is characterized in that: the application of the nano flaky hydrated sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode material of claim 9 in a sodium-ion battery.
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