CN111642053A - Compact flow guide structure for high-voltage unit of neutron generator - Google Patents
Compact flow guide structure for high-voltage unit of neutron generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN111642053A CN111642053A CN202010455705.8A CN202010455705A CN111642053A CN 111642053 A CN111642053 A CN 111642053A CN 202010455705 A CN202010455705 A CN 202010455705A CN 111642053 A CN111642053 A CN 111642053A
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- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H3/00—Production or acceleration of neutral particle beams, e.g. molecular or atomic beams
- H05H3/06—Generating neutron beams
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron generators, and particularly relates to a compact flow guide structure for a high-voltage unit of a neutron generator, which is used for providing refrigeration for a target electrode (10) of the neutron generator and comprises a cooling liquid flow guide pipe, wherein a circulating flow passage through which cooling liquid can pass is arranged in the cooling liquid flow guide pipe, and the tail end of the cooling liquid flow guide pipe is connected with the target electrode (10) and provides circulating cooling liquid for the target electrode (10) for refrigeration. The compact flow guide structure has the characteristics of good insulating property, high mechanical strength, easiness in processing and the like, is beneficial to the reduction of the system size of a small neutron generator to be installed and has the advantages of being good in welding performance, high in mechanical strength and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of neutron generators, and particularly relates to a compact flow guide structure for a high-voltage unit of a neutron generator.
Background
For a small neutron generator in which an ion source is grounded, a negative high voltage is applied to a target end, and acceleration is performed by using a gap between the ion source and the target, a target sheet at the high voltage end needs to be cooled.
The target sheet is arranged on a target electrode, the voltage usually loaded on the target electrode reaches-130 kV, and the beam power on the target is more than 300W. The common method for cooling the target piece is that insulating cooling liquid is introduced from the ground potential outside a vacuum chamber and is sent to the back surface of the target piece through a guide pipe to carry out circulating cooling on the target piece, the resistance value of the cooling liquid is required to be large enough, the breakdown voltage of the cooling liquid guide pipe is required to be larger than 150kV, the creepage distance of the cooling liquid guide pipe is required to be long enough, the sealing performance of the connecting structure of the cooling liquid guide pipe, the target electrode and the vacuum chamber is required to be good, and on the premise that the high-voltage feed-in of the target electrode is not influenced, the simpler structure of the cooling liquid guide pipe is better, and.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the refrigeration requirement of the target electrode of a small neutron generator, the invention aims to provide a compact flow guide structure for insulating and cooling the target electrode (with a target sheet arranged inside) at a high-voltage end, so as to realize the insulation and cooling of the target electrode and the structural support of the target.
In order to achieve the above object, the invention adopts a technical scheme that the compact flow guide structure for the high-voltage unit of the neutron generator is used for providing refrigeration for the target electrode of the neutron generator, wherein the compact flow guide structure comprises a cooling liquid flow guide pipe, the inside of the cooling liquid flow guide pipe is provided with a circulating flow channel through which cooling liquid can pass, the tail end of the cooling liquid flow guide pipe is connected with the target electrode, and the cooling liquid circulating the target electrode is provided for refrigeration.
Further, the cooling liquid guide pipe comprises an outer pipe and an inner pipe arranged in the outer pipe, the top end of the inner pipe is positioned in the outer pipe, and a space between the inner wall of the outer pipe and the outer wall of the inner pipe and an inner space of the inner pipe jointly form the circulating flow channel; the outer wall of the top end of the inner tube is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the outer tube, the tail ends of the inner tube and the outer tube are arranged on the target electrode, and the outer tube is hermetically connected with the target electrode and used for supporting the target electrode; the outer tube and the inner tube are made of quartz glass.
Furthermore, a cooling liquid channel is arranged at one end of the target electrode, a sealed target substrate inner cavity provided with a target sheet is arranged inside the cooling liquid channel, the tail end of the outer tube is arranged in the cooling liquid channel, and the outer wall of the opening at the tail end of the outer tube is hermetically connected with the cooling liquid channel; the opening at the tail end of the inner tube extends into the target base inner cavity.
Further, still be equipped with the high-pressure connecting rod in the target electrode, the end connection of high-pressure connecting rod the lateral wall of target base inner chamber, the main part of high-pressure connecting rod runs through inside the inner tube, the top of high-pressure connecting rod extends to outside the top of outer tube, the top of high-pressure connecting rod is used for connecting high-voltage electricity.
Further, in the present invention,
the outer tube is characterized by also comprising an insulating external thread ring arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer tube, wherein the outer wall of the insulating external thread ring is provided with an external thread;
the insulating threaded plug is arranged at the top end of the outer tube, the top end of the high-voltage connecting rod penetrates through the insulating threaded plug and extends out of the top end of the outer tube, the insulating threaded plug is used for plugging the top end of the outer tube, and the insulating threaded plug is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connecting rod;
the insulating gland is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring to press the insulating threaded plug on the top end of the outer tube;
the sealing ring is arranged between the insulating gland and the insulating external thread ring and used for realizing sealing between the insulating gland and the insulating external thread ring.
Further, the insulating threaded plug with the material of insulating gland is polytetrafluoroethylene, the material of insulating external screw thread ring is organic glass.
The cooling system further comprises a cooling liquid input pipe, one end of the cooling liquid input pipe penetrates through the side wall of the outer pipe to be communicated with the inner pipe, the other end of the cooling liquid input pipe is used for being connected with an outlet of an external circulating cooler, and the cooling liquid input pipe is in sealing connection with the side wall of the outer pipe; the cooling system further comprises a cooling liquid output pipe, one end of the cooling liquid output pipe is communicated with the outer pipe, and the other end of the cooling liquid output pipe is used for being connected with an inlet of an external circulating cooler.
Furthermore, the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are arranged at positions close to the top end of the inner pipe, and the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are perpendicular to the outer pipe and are oppositely located on two sides of the outer pipe.
Further, the cooling liquid input pipe and the cooling liquid output pipe are made of quartz glass; the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the cooling liquid guide pipe is made of quartz glass, because the quartz glass is equivalent to ceramic and polytetrafluoroethylene in insulation grade, the mechanical strength and the vacuum performance are equivalent to those of the ceramic and superior to those of the polytetrafluoroethylene, the electric breakdown voltage reaches 35kV/mm, the welding is facilitated, the mechanical strength is high, and the structure of a small-size circulating flow channel required by the cooling liquid guide pipe is easy to process. In addition, the quartz glass and the metal are easy to be bonded to form a firm whole, so that the quartz glass and the metal are easy to be connected with the target electrode in a sealing way.
2. The fluorinated liquid has good insulating property, flowing property and heat-conducting property, the three properties are superior to those of transformer oil, the flowing property is equivalent to that of water, and the heat-conducting property is inferior to that of water. No poison, odour, no volatilization and corrosion. Is an excellent insulating cooling liquid, and can reduce and simplify the system structure and volume.
3. The thickness of the insulating layer of the insulator consisting of the fluorizated liquid and the cooling liquid guide pipe (double-layer quartz glass pipe) reaches 8 mm, and the bulk breakdown voltage is more than 200 kV.
4. Since the target electrode 10 needs to be disposed in the vacuum chamber, and the maximum dimension of the cross section of the portion of the cooling liquid guiding pipe in the vacuum chamber at the tail end of the cooling liquid guiding pipe connected with the target electrode 10 is only 20mm, the cross section dimension is more than 2 times smaller than that of a cooling structure made of other structural materials such as ceramics. The design of the structure of the target electrode 10 is simplified and the size is reduced, leading to a reduction in the diameter of the vacuum chamber. It is advantageous in downsizing the system in which the small neutron generator is to be mounted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a compact flow-directing structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing the positions of the top ends of the coolant flow guide pipes (the positions where the coolant input pipe 7 and the coolant output pipe 4 are provided) in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the position of the rear end of the coolant flow guide (the position where the coolant flow guide is connected to the coolant passage 11) in accordance with the embodiment of the present invention;
in the figure: 1-high-voltage connecting rod, 2-insulating threaded plug, 3-insulating gland, 4-cooling liquid output pipe, 5-sealing ring, 6-insulating external thread ring, 7-cooling liquid input pipe, 8-external pipe, 9-internal pipe, 10-target electrode, 11-cooling liquid channel, 12-target sheet and 13-target substrate inner cavity.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the compact flow guiding structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator provided by the invention is used for providing refrigeration for a target electrode 10 of the neutron generator, and comprises a cooling liquid flow guiding pipe provided with a circulation flow channel capable of passing through cooling liquid inside, wherein the tail end of the cooling liquid flow guiding pipe is connected with the target electrode 10, and provides the circulating cooling liquid for the target electrode 10 for refrigeration. The cooling liquid guide pipe comprises an insulating threaded plug 2, an insulating gland 3, a cooling liquid output pipe 4, a sealing ring 5, an insulating external thread ring 6, a cooling liquid input pipe 7, an outer pipe 8, an inner pipe 9 and the like.
The inner tube 9 is arranged in the outer tube 8, the top end (i.e. the end far away from the target electrode 10) of the inner tube 9 is positioned in the outer tube 8 (close to the top end of the outer tube 8), and the space between the inner wall of the outer tube 8 and the outer wall of the inner tube 9 and the inner space of the inner tube 9 jointly form a circulating flow channel; the outer wall of the top end of the inner tube 9 is hermetically connected with the inner wall (near the top end) of the outer tube 8 (i.e. one end of the circulating flow channel is sealed), the tail ends of the inner tube 9 and the outer tube 8 are arranged on the target electrode 10, and the outer tube 8 is hermetically connected with the target electrode 10 and used for supporting the target electrode 10; the outer tube 8 and the inner tube 9 are made of quartz glass.
The outer diameter of the outer pipe 8 is 20mm, the inner diameter is 14mm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 3mm, the length is more than or equal to 500mm, and openings at two ends are ground flat; the outer diameter of the inner tube 9 is 10mm, the inner diameter is 6mm, the thickness of the tube wall is 2mm, the length is more than or equal to 490mm, and openings at two ends are ground flat.
As shown in fig. 3, a cooling liquid channel 11 is provided at one end of the target electrode 10, a sealed target substrate cavity 13 provided with a target plate 12 is provided inside the target electrode (the target plate 12 is connected with the target substrate cavity 13 in a sealing manner), the tail end of the outer tube 8 is provided in the cooling liquid channel 11, and the outer wall of the opening at the tail end of the outer tube 8 is connected with the cooling liquid channel 11 in a sealing manner in a bonding manner; the opening at the tail end of the inner tube 9 extends into the target base inner cavity 13, and the distance between the opening at the tail end of the inner tube 9 and the opening at the tail end of the outer tube 8 is about 20 mm.
Be equipped with high-voltage connecting rod 1 in the target electrode 10, the lateral wall of target base inner chamber 13 is connected to the tail end of high-voltage connecting rod 1, and inside inner tube 9 was run through to the main part of high-voltage connecting rod 1, outside the top of high-voltage connecting rod 1 extended to the top of outer tube 8 (also extend to outside the top of coolant liquid honeycomb duct), the top of high-voltage connecting rod 1 was used for connecting high-voltage electricity (connect high-pressure input line with higher speed promptly).
The insulating threaded plug 2, the insulating gland 3 and the insulating external thread ring 6 are arranged at the top end of the outer tube 8 and used for sealing the top end of the outer tube 8 and fixing the high-voltage connecting rod 1;
the insulating external thread ring 6 is arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer tube 8, and external threads are arranged on the outer wall of the insulating external thread ring 6;
the insulating threaded plug 2 is arranged at the top end of the outer tube 8, the top end of the high-voltage connecting rod 1 penetrates through the insulating threaded plug 2 and extends out of the top end of the outer tube 8, the insulating threaded plug 2 is used for plugging the top end of the outer tube 8, and the insulating threaded plug 2 is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connecting rod 1;
the insulating gland 3 is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring 6 to press the insulating threaded plug 2 on the top end of the outer tube 8;
the sealing ring 5 is arranged between the insulating gland 3 and the insulating external thread ring 6 and used for realizing sealing between the insulating gland 3 and the insulating external thread ring 6.
The material of insulating screw stopper 2 and insulating gland 3 is polytetrafluoroethylene, and the material of insulating external screw thread ring 6 is organic glass, and insulating external screw thread ring 6 sets up on outer tube 8 through bonding.
As shown in fig. 2, one end of the cooling liquid input pipe 7 passes through the side wall of the outer pipe 8 to be communicated with the inner pipe 9, the other end of the cooling liquid input pipe is used for connecting an outlet of an external circulating cooler, and the cooling liquid input pipe 7 is hermetically connected with the side wall of the outer pipe 8; and one end of the cooling liquid output pipe 4 is communicated with the outer pipe 8, and the other end of the cooling liquid output pipe 4 is used for being connected with an inlet of an external circulating cooler. The cooling liquid firstly enters the inner tube 9 through the cooling liquid input tube 7 and is guided to the target substrate inner cavity 13 to cool the target plate 12, and then flows to the cooling liquid output tube 4 from the circulating flow channel between the inner tube 9 and the outer tube 8 to flow back to the circulating cooling machine, so as to form a cooling liquid guiding loop.
The cooling liquid input pipe 7 and the cooling liquid output pipe 4 are arranged at positions close to the top end of the inner pipe 9, and the cooling liquid input pipe 7 and the cooling liquid output pipe 4 are perpendicular to the outer pipe 8 and are oppositely arranged at two sides of the outer pipe 8.
The cooling liquid input pipe 7 and the cooling liquid output pipe 4 are made of quartz glass, the outer diameter is 10mm, the inner diameter is 6mm, the thickness of the pipe wall is 2mm, and the length is more than or equal to 100 mm; the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid with high fluidity and insulating property.
The circulation process of the cooling liquid in the compact flow guide structure for the high-voltage unit of the neutron generator provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the cooling liquid is guided into the cooling liquid input pipe 7 from the outlet of the circulating cooling machine, flows into the inner pipe 9 and then is sprayed to the back of the target plate 12, the cooling liquid flows back to the circulating flow channel between the inner pipe 9 and the outer pipe 8 after filling the target substrate inner cavity 13, and flows back into the circulating cooling machine through the cooling liquid output pipe 4, so that a cooling liquid loop is formed. The high-voltage connecting rod 1 penetrates through the inner tube 9 to be connected with a target base of the target electrode 10, high voltage of about-100 kV is fed onto the target electrode 10, the total thickness of a quartz glass tube forming the cooling liquid guide tube is 5mm (the sum of the wall thicknesses of the outer tube 8 and the inner tube 9), the thickness of the cooling liquid layer is 3mm, the breakdown voltage of the cooling liquid and the breakdown voltage of the quartz glass tube can reach 30kV/mm, and the bulk breakdown voltage of the whole compact flow guide structure can reach more than 200 kV.
The device according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can derive other embodiments according to the technical solutions of the present invention, and also belong to the technical innovation scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator for providing refrigeration to a target electrode (10) of the neutron generator, characterized by: the cooling liquid guide pipe is internally provided with a circulating flow channel through cooling liquid, and the tail end of the cooling liquid guide pipe is connected with the target electrode (10) and provides circulating cooling liquid for refrigeration for the target electrode (10).
2. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cooling liquid guide pipe comprises an outer pipe (8) and an inner pipe (9) arranged in the outer pipe (8), the top end of the inner pipe (9) is positioned in the outer pipe (8), and a space between the inner wall of the outer pipe (8) and the outer wall of the inner pipe (9) and an inner space of the inner pipe (9) jointly form the circulating flow channel; the outer wall of the top end of the inner tube (9) is connected with the inner wall of the outer tube (8) in a sealing mode, the tail ends of the inner tube (9) and the outer tube (8) are arranged on the target electrode (10), and the outer tube (8) is connected with the target electrode (10) in a sealing mode and used for supporting the target electrode (10); the outer tube (8) and the inner tube (9) are made of quartz glass.
3. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein: a cooling liquid channel (11) is arranged at one end of the target electrode (10), a sealed target substrate inner cavity (13) provided with a target sheet (12) is arranged inside the target electrode, the tail end of the outer tube (8) is arranged in the cooling liquid channel (11), and the outer wall of an opening at the tail end of the outer tube (8) is in sealing connection with the cooling liquid channel (11); the opening at the tail end of the inner tube (9) extends into the target base inner cavity (13).
4. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 3, wherein: still be equipped with high-voltage connecting rod (1) in target electrode (10), the end connection of high-voltage connecting rod (1) the lateral wall of target base inner chamber (13), the main part of high-voltage connecting rod (1) is run through inside inner tube (9), the top of high-voltage connecting rod (1) extends to outside the top of outer tube (8), the top of high-voltage connecting rod (1) is used for connecting high-voltage electricity.
5. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
the insulation device is characterized by further comprising an insulation external thread ring (6) arranged on the outer wall of the top end of the outer pipe (8), wherein an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the insulation external thread ring (6);
the high-voltage transformer is characterized by further comprising an insulating threaded plug (2) arranged at the top end of the outer pipe (8), the top end of the high-voltage connecting rod (1) penetrates through the insulating threaded plug (2) to extend out of the top end of the outer pipe (8), the insulating threaded plug (2) is used for plugging the top end of the outer pipe (8), and the insulating threaded plug (2) is in sealing connection with the high-voltage connecting rod (1);
the insulating screw plug is characterized by further comprising an insulating gland (3), wherein the insulating gland (3) is used for matching with the external thread of the insulating external thread ring (6) to press the insulating screw plug (2) on the top end of the outer pipe (8);
the sealing ring is characterized by further comprising a sealing ring (5) arranged between the insulating gland (3) and the insulating external thread ring (6) and used for sealing between the insulating gland (3) and the insulating external thread ring (6).
6. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the insulating threaded plug (2) and the insulating gland (3) are made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the insulating external thread ring (6) is made of organic glass.
7. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cooling system is characterized by further comprising a cooling liquid input pipe (7), wherein one end of the cooling liquid input pipe (7) penetrates through the side wall of the outer pipe (8) to be communicated with the inner pipe (9), the other end of the cooling liquid input pipe is used for being connected with an outlet of an external circulating cooler, and the cooling liquid input pipe (7) is hermetically connected with the side wall of the outer pipe (8); the cooling system is characterized by further comprising a cooling liquid output pipe (4), one end of the cooling liquid output pipe (4) is communicated with the outer pipe (8), and the other end of the cooling liquid output pipe is used for being connected with an inlet of an external circulating cooler.
8. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the cooling liquid input pipe (7) and the cooling liquid output pipe (4) are arranged at positions close to the top end of the inner pipe (9), and the cooling liquid input pipe (7) and the cooling liquid output pipe (4) are perpendicular to the outer pipe (8) and are oppositely located on two sides of the outer pipe (8).
9. The compact fluidic structure for a high voltage unit of a neutron generator as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the cooling liquid input pipe (7) and the cooling liquid output pipe (4) are made of quartz glass; the cooling liquid is fluorinated liquid.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010455705.8A CN111642053B (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Compact flow guide structure for high-voltage unit of neutron generator |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010455705.8A CN111642053B (en) | 2020-05-26 | 2020-05-26 | Compact flow guide structure for high-voltage unit of neutron generator |
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| CN111642053B CN111642053B (en) | 2021-06-29 |
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Cited By (1)
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| RU209869U1 (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-23 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт автоматики им. Н.Л. Духова" (ФГУП "ВНИИА") | Pulse neutron generator |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN111642053B (en) | 2021-06-29 |
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