CN111631310A - Anti-substitution additive for animal feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Anti-substitution additive for animal feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111631310A CN111631310A CN202010671023.0A CN202010671023A CN111631310A CN 111631310 A CN111631310 A CN 111631310A CN 202010671023 A CN202010671023 A CN 202010671023A CN 111631310 A CN111631310 A CN 111631310A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
Abstract
The invention provides an anti-substitution additive for animal feed and a preparation method thereof, and solves the technical problem that the anti-substitution additive for animal feed with obvious anti-substitution effect and low cost does not exist in the prior art. The preparation method comprises the following main materials in parts by weight: plant essential oil; an acidifying agent; beta-glucan. The plant essential oil, the acidifier and the beta-glucan are combined to prepare the animal feed anti-substitution additive, so that the animal feed anti-substitution additive has a mutual synergistic action mode on a theoretical action mechanism, shows a mutual synergistic action effect in application, can reduce or replace the use of antibiotic medicines, and is an animal feed anti-substitution additive with good feeding effect and economic effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a feed additive, in particular to a substitute antibiotic additive for animal feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the middle of the 20 th century, the discovery of antibiotics and the success of the synthesis of chemical antibacterial substances, which were first put into use in humans and subsequently widely used as feed additives, played an important role in animal health and livestock production. However, due to the long-term use and abuse of these additives, their disadvantages are increasingly gaining wide attention.
1. Antibiotics are remained in meat, eggs, milk, hair and skin of livestock and poultry products and harm human health, such as causing 'three causes', allergy, and even causing diseases or potential harm which can not be understood by human at present scientific level;
2. the method causes the microbes inside and outside the bodies of the livestock and poultry to generate drug resistance or drug resistance to antibiotics, the drug effect is reduced, the dosage is continuously increased, the breeding cost is continuously increased, meanwhile, the drug residue is more serious, and a vicious circle is formed;
3. after the livestock and poultry use or abuse antibiotics for a long time, normal beneficial microbial flora in the animal body is killed while pathogenic microorganisms are inhibited, so that a normal microbial ecosystem (called as a new physiological system in the medical field) of the organism is unbalanced, and endogenous infection or double infection of the animal is caused;
4. the livestock and poultry can generate dependence on antibiotics, inhibit the growth and development of animal immune systems or reduce the immune functions of animals, and the disease resistance is reduced.
As various defects brought by drug additives such as antibiotics and the like become obvious day by day, China issued 'Ministry of agriculture and rural area Notice No. 194' and 'Ministry of agriculture and rural area Notice No. 246' in 2019, and cancelled related veterinary drug product approval documents and imported veterinary drug registration certificates by abandoning the quality standards of varieties such as drug feed additives only having growth promoting purposes; scientists in all countries around the world are striving to find and develop scientific feed-substituting anti-feed additives without toxic side effects. Therefore, the development of scientific anti-feed additives without toxic and side effects is not easy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a substitute antibiotic additive for animal feed and a preparation method thereof. The anti-substitution additive utilizes the mutual synergistic effect of the plant essential oil, the acidifier and the beta-glucan, can reduce or replace the use of antibiotic drugs as the anti-substitution additive for the feed, and is the anti-substitution additive for the animal feed with good feeding effect and economic effect. The technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical scheme in the technical schemes provided by the invention are described in detail in the following.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a substitute antibiotic additive for animal feed, which is prepared from the following main materials: plant essential oil, acidifier and beta-glucan.
Further, the weight parts of the main materials are respectively as follows: 50-100 parts of plant essential oil; acidifier 820 and 1840 portion; 30-100 parts of beta-glucan.
Further, the weight parts of the main materials are respectively as follows: 50-80 parts of plant essential oil; 840-880 parts of acidifier; 40-80 parts of beta-glucan.
Further, the weight parts of the main materials are respectively as follows: 80 parts of plant essential oil; 880 parts of an acidulant; 40 parts of beta-glucan.
Further, the plant essential oil is eucalyptus oil.
Further, the acidulant is citric acid, propionic acid or lactic acid.
Further, the preparation method also comprises an auxiliary material which is a coating agent, the weight ratio of the coating agent to the plant essential oil is 12-18:10-15, and the weight of the coating agent is heavier than that of the plant essential oil.
Further, the weight ratio of the coating agent to the plant essential oil is 15: 12.
Further, the coating agent is silicon dioxide.
The preparation method of the anti-substitution additive for the animal feed comprises the following steps:
s1, coating the plant essential oil to obtain coated particles;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
Further, in the S1, when the coating treatment is performed, the particle size of the obtained coated particle is 300-800 nm.
The raw materials used in the invention have the following effects:
1. effect of eucalyptus oil
Plant essential oil, also called aromatic oil, is a plant-derived secondary metabolite with special odor and low relative molecular mass extracted from plants. Eucalyptus oil, also called cajeput and cineole, is a colorless oily liquid, is extracted from eucalyptus oil, cajeput oil, camphor oil, laurel leaf oil and other substances, and has antibacterial, growth promoting, antioxidant and immunity enhancing effects.
1.1 bacteriostasis and growth promotion
The main action of the eucalyptus oil is bacteriostasis, and the bacteriostasis mechanism of the eucalyptus oil is realized not by a specific action mechanism but by two ways of acting on cell membranes and entering the interior of cells. The eucalyptus oil has good antibacterial effect on harmful intestinal flora such as Escherichia coli, salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, etc. Many studies have also shown that eucalyptus oil can promote animal feeding and growth, and that eucalyptus oil stimulates the brain trigeminal nerve of animals through a characteristic odor to induce appetite. It is also thought that the fragrance is sensed by the olfactory nerve of brain to promote the secretion of enkephalin and endorphin from the anterior lobe of brain and regulate the function of body. In addition, the eucalyptus oil can stimulate the secretion of digestive tract digestion liquid (saliva, gastric juice, intestinal juice, bile and the like) and various digestive enzymes, promote the development of intestinal villi, increase the height of the villi, increase the contact area with chyme and further improve the feed conversion rate in the intestinal tract.
1.2 regulating immunity
In the aspect of improving immunity, the eucalyptus oil can improve the immune organ index of an organism and promote the generation of antibodies and complements. Researches show that the death rate of channel catfish after the toxicity of aeromonas hydrophila is attacked is reduced by adding the eucalyptus oil into the feed, which shows that the eucalyptus oil can improve the disease resistance of animals. The high and low contents of complement, immunoglobulin and cell factor can reflect the strength of the immunity of the animal body. Rainbow trout test shows that the eucalyptus oil can obviously improve the total complement content in serum and lysozyme activity; the same results were obtained in piglets, and eucalyptus oil significantly increased the serum immunoglobulin a (iga), immunoglobulin g (igg), complement 3(C3) and complement 4(C4) levels in piglets.
Inflammatory responses are an important immune response, and excessive inflammatory responses can compromise animal health. Researches show that the eucalyptus oil added into the feed can relieve intestinal inflammatory reaction of broiler chickens and mice and reduce diarrhea index of weaned piglets, and further researches show that the eucalyptus oil respectively reduces the contents of proinflammatory factors TNF-alpha and IL-6 in intestinal epithelial cells and mononuclear macrophages. Nuclear transcription factor-kB (NF-kB) is an important transcription factor that regulates the expression of cytokines or other genes associated with inflammatory responses. The research shows that the eucalyptus oil reduces the phosphorylation level of mouse mammary epithelial cells and macrophage NF-kB p65, and can reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of NF-kB in mouse epithelial cells. The results show that the eucalyptus oil can relieve the inflammatory reaction of animals by reducing proinflammatory factors and NF-kB p65 signal pathways, and promote the health of the animals.
1.3 resistance to oxidation
The eucalyptus oil has antioxidant effect by direct and indirect methods, and can prevent free radicals from generating and combining with peroxy radicals to form stable substances, so as to inhibit or prevent the generation of free radical chain reaction. The eucalyptus oil can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzyme in animal body, and inhibit the oxidation of protein and peroxidation of membrane lipid and metal salt. Studies such as tensing and the like show that the content of insulin-like growth factor-1 in serum can be improved by adding eucalyptus oil into low-energy piglet daily ration, so that the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase are enhanced. Researches of Hashimipour and the like show that the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in serum can be improved by adding eucalyptus oil into daily ration of broiler chickens. In rainbow trout test, eucalyptus oil is found to reduce the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in muscle and improve the activities of Catalase (CAT), muscle glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and Glutathione Reductase (GR) in serum. The activity of antioxidant enzyme is closely related to the gene expression of the antioxidant enzyme, and the expression of the antioxidant enzyme gene is regulated and controlled by a nuclear factor related factor 2(Nrf2) signal molecule. The research finds that the eucalyptus oil up-regulates the protein expression of myoblast Nrf2, and shows that the eucalyptus oil can regulate the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes through Nrf 2. The results show that the eucalyptus oil can reduce the animal lipid peroxidation products, regulate antioxidant substances, regulate the gene expression of oxidase through Nrf2 signal molecules, improve the activity of the antioxidant enzyme and reduce the oxidative damage of animal organisms.
2. Effect of Glucan
Beta-glucan is a class of high molecular weight polymers made up of glucose units joined by glycosidic linkages. Among them, β -1, 3-D-glucan is the most widely regarded because of its unique and diverse biological activities and functions.
2.1 immunomodulation
Beta-glucan, which is involved in innate and adaptive immunity as an immunomodulator, acts directly or indirectly on the immune system, and promotes a range of immune activities by activating monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils. The beta-glucan enters the body through intestinal tracts after being taken orally, is transported to immune organs by phagocytes through a lymphatic system, and is released into blood to play a role. Beta-glucans modulate the immune system primarily by recognizing receptors on innate immune cells, which play an important role in host defense and also provide opportunities for host immune responses. These receptors, known as Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs), include mainly Dectin-1, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), complement receptor 3(CR3), Scavenger Receptors (SRs), and lactosylceramide (LacCer), which are expressed on the cell surface or within cells by various immune cells, including but not limited to macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells.
A large number of studies show that the novel beta-glucan has strong immunoregulation effect. In the piglet experiment, the addition of the novel beta-glucan can regulate the content of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in blood. IFN-gamma is an important immune regulator, and can make cell produce antiviral protein by cell surface receptor action so as to inhibit virus replication. The addition of 50mg/kg and 100mg/kg of novel beta-glucan increased the IgM levels in blood by 33.33% and 31.25%, respectively. In a piglet challenge test, the piglet infected with epidemic gastroenteritis virus (PEDV) is fed with 200mg/kg of novel beta-glucan, compared with a challenge group, the daily feed intake, the daily gain and the feed conversion ratio are all remarkably improved, and the normal growth level is recovered. The feed added with the novel beta-glucan can obviously improve the levels of sIgA, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the jejunal mucosa (P is less than 0.05), obviously reduce the level of IL-2 in the jejunal mucosa (P is less than 0.05), and obviously relieve the influence of PEDV on the sIgA, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma in the jejunal mucosa of the piglets (P is less than 0.05). In a mouse test, the novel beta-glucan is also found to be capable of regulating the content of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in blood, and when 0.025 percent of beta-glucan is added into daily ration, the content of IgG in the blood is increased by 12.18 percent, and the level of IgM is also increased in comparison with that of a control group.
2.2 improving intestinal health
The intestinal tract is one of the most important digestive organs of the animal body and is the largest immune organ in the body, various nutrient substances are mainly absorbed and transported in the intestinal tract, and the pathogenic microorganisms infected through the intestinal tract are important reasons for causing death and elutriation of animals. In recent years, intestinal health has received a great deal of attention from breeding practitioners, especially the role of intestinal flora in immune regulation of the body. The greatest quantity and variety of flora are planted in the intestinal tracts of animals, and the functions of the intestinal flora are the most important of the functions of the intestinal tracts. A large number of experiments show that the novel beta-glucan can improve the intestinal flora structure, maintain the microecological balance and promote the intestinal health. After 100mg/kg of novel beta-glucan is added into piglet daily feed, the bifidobacterium in jejunum and colon is obviously increased, the lactobacillus in caecum is obviously increased, the number of colibacillus in caecum is obviously reduced, and the total bacteria number is not obviously influenced. PEDV challenge tests of piglets show that PEDV challenge remarkably reduces the number of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total bacteria in the caecum content of piglets (P is less than 0.05), and remarkably increases the number of escherichia coli in the caecum content (P is less than 0.05). The feed added with the novel beta-glucan can obviously improve the quantity of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and total bacteria in the piglet cecum contents (P is less than 0.05), and effectively relieve the influence of PEDV on counteracting and reducing the quantity of the bifidobacteria, the lactobacilli and the total bacteria in the piglet cecum contents (P is less than 0.05). In the experiment of feeding the novel beta-glucan by the mice, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the caecum of the mice are remarkably increased, and the relative quantity of the lactobacillus and the bifidobacterium is respectively increased by 3.12 times and 6.18 times through qPCR verification. The contents of lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in intestinal tracts can be improved after the beta-glucan is fed to calves, AA broiler chickens and fattening pigs.
The beta-glucan increases intestinal probiotics probably because the animal intestinal tract does not contain glucanase, the beta-glucan reaches the rear intestine of the animal digestive tract, and the lactobacillus and the bifidobacterium can utilize the beta-glucan for fermentation and metabolism to generate a large amount of short-chain fatty acids. And the Hif 1 alpha transcription level is induced to be increased, the Hif 1 alpha enables the intestinal tract to be in an anaerobic environment all the time, the antibacterial peptide and the short-chain fatty acid are stimulated to be generated, the pH of the intestinal tract is promoted to be reduced, and therefore the anaerobic beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract are proliferated, the microenvironment in the intestinal tract is stabilized, and the invasion of germs is resisted on the premise that the diversity is not improved.
2.3 Elimination of oxidative stress
Oxidative stress, i.e. increased generation or decreased scavenging ability of free radicals in the body, and excessive production of highly reactive molecules such as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and thus Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) may cause disorder of the oxidative system and antioxidant system of the body, resulting in oxidative damage process caused by accumulation of free radicals in the body. The antioxidant enzyme is one of important biological defense lines for coping with oxidative stress formed in the long evolution process of organisms, and can effectively remove active oxygen in vivo, and comprises superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and the like. The superoxide dismutase is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in animals, has special biological activity, can remove toxic substances generated in the metabolism process in the organisms, is a superoxide anion removal factor, is usually used as an important index for measuring the antioxidant capacity of the animal organisms, and is also closely related to the immune level of the organisms.
The beta-glucan has obvious effects of improving the oxidation resistance of organisms and removing free radicals in vivo. After 200mg/kg of novel beta-glucan is added into litopenaeus vannamei daily ration, the contents of total superoxide dismutase, total oxidation resistance, phenol oxidase and acid phosphatase are obviously increased and the content of malondialdehyde in vivo is obviously reduced compared with a control group. Similar results are obtained in other prawn experiments, and Shenwenying and the like are also found in litopenaeus vannamei, and the beta-glucan is added to obviously improve peroxidase, lysozyme and acid phosphatase. The tests show that the beta-glucan has the enhancement effect on enhancing the oxidation resistance of the prawns. The Wuchun jade added with the beta-glucan in the lateolabrax japonicus can obviously increase the activity and the total oxidation resistance of the superoxide dismutase in the serum of the lateolabrax japonicus, promote glutathione or oxidase, remove hydrogen peroxide and reduce the content of malondialdehyde in the serum. In crabs, beta-glucan also has antioxidant activity. Heretofore, polysaccharides mainly comprising β -glucan have attracted attention from practitioners in terms of antioxidant stress function, and their antioxidant ability has been widely recognized.
2.4 replacement of antibiotics
We found in piglet experiments that beta-glucan at a dose of 200mg/kg can completely replace quinocetone at a dose of 50mg/kg in growth performance and intestinal mucosal barrier function. Compared with the quinocetone group, the added beta-glucan has no significant difference in villus height, crypt depth and barrier related gene expression amount, and the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in intestinal tracts is significantly higher than that of the antibiotic group (P < 0.05). The results show that beta-glucan is achieved by enhancing local immune resistance of the intestine, in addition to the physical and biological barrier function of the intestine. We also complete the comparison test of beta-glucan and olaquindox in weaned pigs, and the result shows that 200mg/kg of beta-glucan can completely replace 20g/t of olaquindox in the effect of intestinal tract and growth performance, and can improve the intestinal tract inflammation, the antioxidant index and the intestinal tract microecology. In future applications, the replacement of antibiotics will be the most important functional efficacy of beta-glucan. The beta-glucan resistance test and resistance solution completed by the inventor hopes to provide reference and reference for the research and development of feed enterprises in the aspect of non-resistant feed.
3. Effect of citric acid
Currently, acids used as feed additives include formic acid, fumaric acid, acetic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, sorbic acid, various mixed acids, and the like. The addition of the acidifying agent in the feed has the following effects: 1) reduce the pH of the gastrointestinal tract of the animal and maintain the activity of various digestive enzymes, thereby promoting digestion of the animal. 2) Improve the feed intake of animals. 3) Inhibit the generation of biogenic amine which is a harmful substance, thereby reducing toxic substances.
3.1 citric acid to improve growth Performance
After the piglets are weaned in the early stage, because the digestive function of the piglets is not completely developed, particularly the gastric acid secretion is insufficient, and in addition, the stimulation of nutrition, environment and psychological change after the piglets are weaned is caused, the intestinal tracts are damaged, the food cannot be well digested, the large propagation of pathogenic bacteria such as escherichia coli and the like can be caused, the symptoms such as diarrhea and the like can be generated, and the production of the piglets is seriously influenced. To solve these disadvantages, the gastric acidity of piglets can be increased by adding citric acid to improve their digestive absorption function. 0.3 percent and 0.5 percent of citric acid is added into 6-20 kg of piglet feed by Valchev, compared with a control group, the average daily gain of piglets in a group added with the citric acid is improved by 7-9 percent, and the number of pathogenic microorganisms and microorganisms related to the pathogenic microorganisms is correspondingly reduced.
3.2 citric acid effects on lowering intestinal pH and intestinal flora
The organic acid (including short chain fatty acid) can reduce the amount of pathogenic microorganisms in pig intestinal tract, such as enterococcus, yeast, lactobacillus, etc. The mechanism is as follows: 1) the organic acid enters the cell membrane of pathogenic bacteria and destroys the protoplasm, thereby inhibiting or killing the pathogenic bacteria. 2) An H + (hydrogen ion) protective layer is formed on the intestinal wall of the small intestine of the pig, so that the propagation of pathogenic bacteria is inhibited, and the intestinal wall is protected from being damaged by bacteria. 3) Hydrolysis in the stomach produces a large amount of H +, which activates pepsin and inhibits or kills some pathogenic bacteria. 4) Organic acids are also regulators of the growth and development of the intestinal mucosa, promoting the growth of epithelial cells and the absorption of nutrients. 5) Organic acids are precursors for the synthesis of essential amino acids and DNA. 6) Accelerate blood flow and eliminate the phenomenon of hypocholesterolemia and the like.
3.3 Effect of citric acid on diarrhea
The proper acidity can improve the acidity of the digestive tract of the weaned piglet, maintain the normal physiological function of the digestive tract system of the piglet, regulate the acid-base balance in the piglet body, simultaneously improve the daily gain and the feed utilization rate of the weaned piglet and reduce the diarrhea rate of the weaned piglet. The intestinal flora, especially the anaerobic bacteria (lactobacillus and bifidobacterium), can play a barrier role in external bacteria. Normally, the gastrointestinal microorganisms of piglets are kept in a specific balance state, but when the conditions such as the outside world are changed, the microorganism flora can be unbalanced, if the proportion of harmful bacteria is increased, the proportion of beneficial bacteria is reduced, and finally diarrhea is caused.
Based on the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention can at least produce the following technical effects:
(1) according to the animal feed anti-substitution additive and the preparation method thereof, the applied plant essential oil, the acidifier and the beta-glucan have anti-substitution effects, but the action effect of a single additive is not ideal; the beta-glucan as a prebiotic can selectively promote the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms in intestinal tracts, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, improve the immunity of organisms and improve the production performance of animals; the acidifier can improve the palatability of the feed, promote the early maturity of the digestive function of piglets, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the digestive tract and inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, thereby preventing and treating the occurrence of piglet diarrhea and improving the growth performance of the piglets; the plant essential oil has the advantages of no toxicity, good antibacterial property, trace amount, high efficiency and the like, is a natural flavoring agent, and can stimulate the appetite of animals, especially young animals; therefore, the product consisting of the three additives can play a role in supplementing each other in function, and the plant essential oil, the acidifier and the beta-glucan not only have a mutual synergistic action mode in a theoretical action mechanism, but also show a mutual synergistic action effect in application.
(2) The invention provides a substitute antibiotic additive for animal feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the applied beta-glucan is natural water-soluble micromolecule beta-glucan with the purity of more than 90 percent and has good absorption effect; and the proportion of beta-1, 3-glycosidic bonds in the beta-glucan reaches over 75 percent, which is more beneficial to the absorption of animals.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Description of raw materials:
beta-glucan: the water-soluble beta-1, 3 glucan sold by Sichuan Daxiang Biotechnology Limited is adopted as solid powder.
First, preparation example:
example 1:
preparing a broiler feed additive:
1.1 starting materials
50 parts of eucalyptus oil; 820 parts of citric acid; 30 parts of beta-glucan; and 60 parts of silicon dioxide.
1.2 preparation method
S1, adding the plant essential oil and the coating agent into a coating machine for coating treatment to obtain coated particles, wherein the particle size of the obtained coated particles is 500 nm;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
Example 2:
preparing a laying hen feed additive:
2.1 starting materials
80 parts of eucalyptus oil; 880 parts of citric acid; 40 parts of beta-glucan; and 96 parts of silicon dioxide.
2.2 preparation method
S1, adding the plant essential oil and the coating agent into a coating machine for coating treatment to obtain coated particles with the particle size of 300 nm;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
50-100 parts of plant essential oil; acidifier 820 and 1840 portion; 40-100 parts of beta-glucan.
Example 3:
preparing a feed additive for young pigs:
3.1 starting materials
100 parts of eucalyptus oil; 1840 parts of citric acid; 60 parts of beta-glucan; and 125 parts of silicon dioxide.
3.2 preparation method
S1, adding the plant essential oil and the coating agent into a coating machine for coating treatment to obtain coated particles, wherein the particle size of the obtained coated particles is 800 nm;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
Example 4:
preparing a fattening pig feed additive:
4.1 starting materials
80 parts of eucalyptus oil; 880 parts of citric acid; 40 parts of beta-glucan; and 96 parts of silicon dioxide.
4.2 preparation method
S1, adding the plant essential oil and the coating agent into a coating machine for coating treatment to obtain coated particles, wherein the particle size of the obtained coated particles is 600 nm;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
Example 5:
preparing a sow feed additive:
5.1 starting materials
100 parts of eucalyptus oil; 840 parts of citric acid; 60 parts of beta-glucan; 107 parts of silicon dioxide.
5.2 preparation method
S1, adding the plant essential oil and the coating agent into a coating machine for coating treatment to obtain coated particles, wherein the particle size of the obtained coated particles is 400 nm;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
Example 6:
preparing an aquatic feed additive:
5.1 starting materials
80 parts of eucalyptus oil; 820 parts of citric acid; 100 parts of beta-glucan; and 96 parts of silicon dioxide.
5.2 preparation method
S1, adding the plant essential oil and the coating agent into a coating machine for coating treatment to obtain coated particles, wherein the particle size of the obtained coated particles is 600 nm;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
Second, Experimental example
1. The additives prepared in examples 1 to 6 were tested for their acid and temperature resistance by performance tests, the results of which are shown in table 1 below:
acid resistance test: in order to verify the gastric hyperacidity ability of the feed additive, the residual quantity of the feed additive needs to be detected within 2-4 hours at the pH value of less than or equal to 2.
Temperature resistance experiment: in order to verify the retention rate under the condition of feed conditioning, the temperature resistance test needs to be carried out in a water bath for 5 minutes at the temperature of 80-125 ℃.
TABLE 1 Properties of additives prepared in the examples
| Acid resistance | Temperature resistance | Particle size | |
| Example 1 | pH 1 without loss | The temperature resistance is less than or equal to 165 DEG C | 80 meshes 96.3% |
| Example 2 | pH 1 without loss | The temperature resistance is less than or equal to 165 DEG C | 80 meshes 96.8% |
| Example 3 | pH 1 without loss | The temperature resistance is less than or equal to 165 DEG C | 80 meshes 96.9% |
| Example 4 | pH 1 without loss | The temperature resistance is less than or equal to 165 DEG C | 80 mesh 97.1% |
| Example 5 | pH 1 without loss | The temperature resistance is less than or equal to 165 DEG C | 80 meshes of 96.2 percent |
| Example 6 | pH 1 without loss | The temperature resistance is less than or equal to 165 DEG C | 80 meshes 96.4% |
2. The additives prepared in examples 1-6 were subjected to feeding experiments:
the antibiotics used in the following feeding experiments were:
aureomycin: jinhe biotech, inc, aureomycin, ANADA 200-510;
quinocetone: produced by Zhongmu industries, Ltd, the CAS number of quinocetone: 23696-28-8, EINECS numbering is: 245-832-7;
zinc oxide: manufactured by Shandong Hongxiang Zinc industry Co., Ltd, CAS number of zinc oxide: 1314-13-2, EINECS number: 215-222-5;
kitasamycin: zhejiang Haizhen Yao Kogyo GmbH, as a veterinary drug "Yizi" (2006) 110272044.
Experimental example 1:
experiment of feeding broiler chickens
Subject: selecting 30 broilers with consistent growth conditions and health conditions and 1 day age, and randomly dividing the broilers into three groups (a control group, a positive control group and a test group), wherein each group is 10 broilers;
control group: conventional daily ration;
positive control group: the conventional daily ration is added with antibiotics according to the following standards:
1-21 days: 50g/T of kitasamycin, 50g/T of quinocetone and 3kg/MT of zinc oxide;
22-42 days: 75g/T of aureomycin, 100g/T of bacitracin zinc and 50g/T of quinocetone;
test groups: adding the broiler feed additive prepared in the embodiment 1 into the conventional daily ration according to 0.05 kg/t;
and (3) test period: 1-42 days
Detection indexes are as follows: growth performance (feed/meat ratio, feed intake, average daily gain for 1-21 days; feed/meat ratio, feed intake, average daily gain for 21-42 days), mortality and culling rate, immune organ index, dressing percentage and meat quality.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 2 below:
TABLE 2 broiler chicken feeding experiment results
Experimental example 2:
laying hen feeding experiment:
subject: selecting 30 laying hens which are consistent in growth condition and health condition and 40 weeks old, and randomly dividing the laying hens into three groups (a control group, a positive control group and a test group), wherein each group is 10;
control group: conventional daily ration;
positive control group: the conventional daily ration is added with antibiotics according to the following addition standards: 50g/T of kitasamycin, 50g/T of quinocetone and 3kg/MT of zinc oxide;
test groups: adding the layer feed additive prepared in the embodiment 2 into the conventional daily ration according to 0.075 kg/t;
and (3) test period: 41-48 weeks;
detection indexes are as follows: egg production number, egg weight, feed intake, feed-to-egg ratio, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, Haugh unit, laying hen mortality, and globulin and total protein content in serum.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Experimental results of laying hen feeding
| Control group | Positive control group | Test group | |
| Number of eggs laid | 87.09±3.14 | 86.93±1.92 | 86.78±1.22 |
| Egg laying weight (individual egg), g | 66.53±0.91 | 66.94±0.71 | 67.29±0.86 |
| Feed intake (average daily), g | 130.07±4.80 | 129.62±3.94 | 129.55±2.07 |
| Material to egg ratio | 2.25±0.08 | 2.23±0.05 | 2.22±0.02 |
| Strength of egg shell, kg/cm2 | 2.61±0.75 | 2.73±0.87 | 3.00±0.85 |
| Thickness of eggshell, mm | 0.35±0.03 | 0.35±0.03 | 0.36±0.03 |
| The number of units in the Ha's scale, | 69.21±8.12 | 69.56±12.43 | 74.30±6.93 |
| mortality of layer chicken% | 1.78±2.16 | 0.45±1.10 | 1.34±1.47 |
| Globulin content in serum, g/L | 15.06±2.85 | 9.55±2.85 | 13.43±2.85 |
| Total protein content in serum, g/L | 30.20±3.01 | 73.78±2.11 | 42.23±3.01 |
Experimental example 3:
feeding experiment of young pigs:
subject: selecting 30 young pigs with the same growth condition and health condition and 28 days after weaning, and randomly dividing the pigs into three groups (a control group, a positive control group and a test group), wherein each group is 10 pigs;
control group: conventional daily ration;
positive control group: the conventional daily ration is added with antibiotics according to the following addition standards: 50g/T of kitasamycin, 50g/T of quinocetone and 3kg/MT of zinc oxide;
test groups: a conventional diet to which the feed additive for young pigs prepared in example 3 was added at 0.15 kg/t;
and (3) test period: feeding after 28 days of weaning;
detection indexes are as follows: diarrhea rate, growth index (average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, average feed intake), blood immunity index and intestinal flora.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 4 below:
TABLE 4 feeding test results for young pigs
Experimental example 4:
fattening pig feeding experiment:
subject: selecting 30 fattening pigs with the same growth condition and health condition and 25kg, and randomly dividing the fattening pigs into three groups (a control group, a positive control group and a test group), wherein each group is 10 pigs;
control group: conventional daily ration
Positive control group: the conventional daily ration is added with antibiotics according to the following addition standards: 50g/T of kitasamycin, 50g/T of quinocetone and 3kg/MT of zinc oxide;
test groups: adding the fattening pig feed additive prepared in the embodiment 4 into the conventional daily ration according to 0.1 kg/t;
and (3) test period: 25kg-110kg
Detection indexes are as follows: growth indicators (average daily gain, feed-to-meat ratio, average feed intake), dressing percentage (carcass length, meat color, meat pH, drip loss, etc.), and intestinal flora.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 5 below:
TABLE 5 fattening pig feeding experiment results
Experimental example 5:
sow feeding experiment
Subject: selecting 30 sows with consistent growth conditions and health conditions and 85d at the later stage of gestation, and randomly dividing the sows into three groups (a control group, a positive control group and a test group), wherein each group is 10;
control group: conventional daily ration
Positive control group: the conventional daily ration is added with antibiotics according to the following addition standards: 50g/T of kitasamycin, 50g/T of quinocetone and 3kg/MT of zinc oxide;
test groups: adding the sow feed additive prepared in the example 5 into the conventional daily ration according to 0.15 kg/t;
and (3) test period: the late gestation period 85 d-end of lactation;
detection indexes are as follows: constipation degree of sow, reproductive performance (litter size, dead fetus, malformed fetus), piglet birth weight, weaning average weight, weaning piglet survival rate, blood immunity index, etc.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 6 below:
TABLE 6 sow feeding experimental results
Experimental example 6:
feeding experiment of penaeus vannamei:
subject: selecting 3000 penaeus vannamei high-quality seedlings, and randomly dividing the seedlings into three groups (a control group, a positive control group and a test group), wherein each group has 1000 seedlings;
control group: conventional daily ration
Positive control group: the conventional daily ration is added with antibiotics according to the following addition standards: 50g/T of kitasamycin, 50g/T of quinocetone and 3kg/MT of zinc oxide;
test groups: adding the aquatic feed additive prepared in the embodiment 6 into the conventional daily ration according to 0.16 kg/t;
and (3) test period: initial body weight 1.00 + -0.02 g, 10 weeks;
detection indexes are as follows: survival Rate (SR), Weight Gain Rate (WGR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Coefficient (FCR), fullness (CF), antioxidant index (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde), lysozyme.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 7 below:
TABLE 7 Penaeus vannamei Boone feeding experimental results
Experimental example 7:
feeding experiment of large yellow croaker:
subject: selecting 3000 high-quality large yellow croaker fries, and randomly dividing the large yellow croaker fries into three groups (a control group, a positive control group and a test group), wherein each group comprises 1000 fries;
control group: conventional daily ration
Positive control group: the conventional daily ration is added with antibiotics according to the following addition standards: 50g/T of kitasamycin, 50g/T of quinocetone and 3kg/MT of zinc oxide;
test groups: adding the aquatic feed additive prepared in the embodiment 6 into the conventional daily ration according to 0.15 kg/t;
and (3) test period: for 12 weeks
Detection indexes are as follows: survival Rate (SR), Weight Gain Rate (WGR), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Feed Coefficient (FCR), fullness (CF), antioxidant index (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde), lysozyme.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 8 below:
TABLE 8 feeding experiment results for large yellow croaker
As can be seen from tables 2 to 8, the feeding effect of the test group is obviously better than that of the control group and the positive control group, the product dosage is less, and the animal absorption effect is good, which indicates that the plant essential oil, the acidifier and the beta-glucan have good mutual synergistic effect in the application.
3. The feeding costs and incomes of the additives of examples 1 to 7 were calculated, and the results are shown in the following table 9:
TABLE 9 additive feeding cost and revenue comparison
As can be seen from Table 9, the additive prepared in the present invention has a lower addition cost than the antibiotics in the prior art, and the value of the added value is much higher than that of the antibiotics, so that the additive of the present invention has an obvious effect of replacing antibiotics and a low cost.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An anti-substitution additive for animal feed, which is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following main materials: plant essential oil, acidifier and beta-glucan.
2. A replacement resistance additive for animal feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight parts of the main materials are respectively as follows: 50-100 parts of plant essential oil; acidifier 820 and 1840 portion; 30-100 parts of beta-glucan.
3. A replacement resistance additive for animal feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight parts of the main materials are respectively as follows: 50-80 parts of plant essential oil; 840-880 parts of acidifier; 40-80 parts of beta-glucan.
4. A replacement anti-additive for animal feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that: the plant essential oil is eucalyptus oil.
5. A replacement resistance additive for animal feed according to claim 4, characterized in that: the acidulant is citric acid, propionic acid or lactic acid.
6. A replacement resistance additive for animal feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: the preparation method further comprises an auxiliary material which is a coating agent, the weight ratio of the coating agent to the plant essential oil is 12-18:10-15, and the weight of the coating agent is heavier than that of the plant essential oil.
7. A replacement resistance additive for animal feed according to claim 6, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the coating agent to the plant essential oil is 15: 12.
8. A replacement resistance additive for animal feed according to claim 7, characterized in that: the coating agent is silicon dioxide.
9. The method for preparing an anti-additive for animal feed according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, coating the plant essential oil to obtain coated particles;
s2, mixing and stirring the coated particles obtained in the step S1, an acidifier and beta-glucan uniformly to obtain the finished product of the anti-substitution additive for animal feed.
10. The method for preparing an anti-infective additive for animal feed according to claim 9, characterized in that: in step S1, when the coating treatment is performed, the particle size of the obtained coated particle is 300-800 nm.
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