CN111608663A - Omnibearing pressure relief method for rock burst dangerous roadway of thick coal seam working face - Google Patents
Omnibearing pressure relief method for rock burst dangerous roadway of thick coal seam working face Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 46
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006355 external stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
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Abstract
The invention provides an all-dimensional pressure relief method for a rock burst dangerous roadway of a thick coal seam working face, and relates to the technical field of rock burst danger prevention and control. The method is mainly applied to the working surface of the thick coal seam, and specifically comprises the following steps: when the roadway is tunneled to a rock burst dangerous area, determining a pressure relief mode and pressure relief parameters according to mining conditions and geological conditions; joint cutting and pressure relief are conducted on the top plate, water is injected into the bottom plate construction drill holes for softening, large-diameter drill holes are conducted on two sides of the roadway for pressure relief, and a cylindrical pressure relief belt is formed; and determining the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway, and ensuring that the stress peak area is positioned outside the support range. The pressure relief method can form a cylindrical weakening zone in a certain range of the surrounding rock of the roadway, so that high stress in the surrounding rock of the roadway is transferred to the deep part, and the surrounding rock of the roadway is ensured to be in low stress; when impact occurs, the cylindrical area can be integrally stressed to prevent the coal body from protruding, and a wedge-shaped resistance belt is generated, so that the danger of rock burst is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock burst hazard prevention and control, in particular to an omnibearing pressure relief method for a rock burst hazard roadway of a thick coal seam working face.
Background
The impact mine pressure is a typical dynamic disaster faced by coal mine deep mining, and is characterized in that elastic energy gathered in coal rock mass is suddenly and violently released, and the dynamic force throws the coal rock to a roadway or a stope, so that the coal rock mass is strongly vibrated and damaged, equipment is damaged, and personnel are injured and killed. Along with the development and extension of mines, mine rock burst disasters are more serious, and from the current rock burst accidents, most of the rock burst happens in the tunneling period or two crossroads of a coal face, and the rock burst situations in the working face are less.
During the tunneling period, the rock burst danger relieving construction mainly adopts methods of drilling pressure relief, blasting pressure relief and the like. The pressure relief of the drill hole adopts a pneumatic frame column type drilling machine, stress monitoring is firstly carried out before the pressure relief hole is drilled, so that the stress state and the danger degree are checked, the drill hole is drilled from a low stress area to a high stress area, and the drilling cuttings amount, the power phenomenon and the special condition of each meter of the drill hole are recorded at the same time. Blasting pressure relief is a danger relieving measure for reducing the stress concentration degree by adopting a blasting method.
At present, the pressure relief in the roadway is mostly only to relieve the pressure of a local stress concentration area, and the degree of pressure relief of surrounding rocks in the roadway is different, so that the coordination and the integrity of the pressure relief effect of the surrounding rocks in the roadway cannot be ensured, and in order to improve the pressure relief effect, the existing pressure relief method needs to be further improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to form a cylindrical weakening zone in a certain range of surrounding rocks of a roadway and transfer high stress in the surrounding rocks of the roadway to a deep part, so that the surrounding rocks of the roadway are ensured to be in a low stress state, and rock burst danger is effectively avoided, the invention provides an all-dimensional pressure relief method for a rock burst dangerous roadway on a working surface of a thick coal seam, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.
An all-dimensional pressure relief method for a rock burst dangerous roadway of a thick coal seam working face is applied to a mining roadway of the thick coal seam working face, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. when the roadway is tunneled to a rock burst dangerous area, determining a pressure relief mode and pressure relief parameters according to mining conditions and geological conditions;
B. respectively constructing pressure relief on the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides to form a cylindrical pressure relief belt, wherein the outer diameter of the cylindrical pressure relief belt is more than 2 times of the diameter of a roadway supporting area;
C. and determining the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway, wherein the stress peak area of the surrounding rock of the roadway is located outside the supporting area after pressure relief is completed.
Preferably, hydraulic layered slotting pressure relief is performed in roof construction, water injection pressure relief is performed in a drilling hole in bottom plate construction, and large-diameter drilling pressure relief is performed in two sides of a roadway.
Preferably, the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides are respectively constructed with hydraulic separation slots for pressure relief, and the outmost circles of slots for hydraulic separation slot pressure relief are all positioned on the same circumference; the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides also assist in construction blasting presplitting pressure relief or drilling pressure relief.
Preferably, the construction for hydraulic separation slot pressure relief specifically comprises:
a. drilling holes by using a drilling machine and a high-pressure drill rod;
b. after drilling to a preset hole expanding position, connecting a high-pressure drill rod with a high-pressure rotary slotting nozzle;
c. starting reaming, moving back and forth and rotating the drill rod intermittently;
d. and adding one or more drill rods after reaming to continue reaming until slotting and pressure relief are completed.
Further preferably, the pressure relief of the large-diameter drill holes in the roadway side construction is realized, the hole diameter of each drill hole is 150mm, the hole depth is 20m, and the distance between the drill holes is 1 m.
Further preferably, the rock burst danger area is determined by using a comprehensive index method or a probability index method and dividing according to the coal seam impact tendency, the mining depth, the top and bottom plate lithology, the tectonic stress and the coal pillar.
Further preferably, the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway is determined by a drilling cutting method or an online stress monitoring system; the drilling cutting method determines the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway through the measurement of the amount of coal powder.
Further preferably, the supporting area is a cylindrical area with the center from the roadway as the center of a circle and the sum of the width of the roadway and the length of the anchor cable as the radius; the pressure relief band is closed after being stressed to generate a wedge-shaped resistance band.
The omnibearing pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the thick coal seam working face, provided by the invention, has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method is mainly applied to thick coal seam mining, and can avoid the influence of external stress disturbance on a roadway; selecting a pressure relief method and pressure relief parameters according to the judgment of the rock burst dangerous area, thereby ensuring reasonable pressure relief design; the pressure relief is simultaneously carried out on the top plate, the bottom plate and the two assistants to form an even cylindrical pressure relief belt, so that the coordination and the integrity of the pressure relief effect of the surrounding rock of the roadway can be ensured, the cylindrical area can be integrally stressed when impact occurs, the coal body is prevented from protruding, a wedge-shaped resistance belt is generated, and the danger of rock burst is avoided.
(2) The pressure relief method also utilizes a hydraulic slotting pressure relief method to actively form the cylindrical pressure relief belt, can exert the characteristic of balanced yielding of the circular structure, and ensures that the stress peak area is positioned outside the supporting area after pressure relief is finished, so that the supporting structure can keep stability and safety.
In addition, the pressure relief method has the advantages of simple and convenient construction, improvement of the impact resistance of the roadway, improvement of the pressure relief effect and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of pressure relief arrangement of a round roadway for rock burst danger of a thick coal seam working face;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of pressure relief arrangement of a rectangular roadway for rock burst danger of a thick coal seam working face;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of pressure relief arrangement of a semi-circular arch roadway for rock burst danger on a thick coal seam working face;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of stress distribution curves before and after pressure relief;
FIG. 5 is a vertical stress contrast curve for a roadway before and after pressure relief;
figure 6 is a schematic plan view of a support for a rectangular roadway;
in the figure: 1-pressure relief belt pressing, 2-pressure relief drilling and 3-stress distribution curve before pressure relief; 4-stress distribution curve after pressure relief; 5-anchor rod, 6-anchor cable and 7-channel steel; 8-laneway.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment of the omnibearing pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway of the thick coal seam working face provided by the invention is described with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
Example 1
The thick coal seam is easy to generate plastic slippage under the action of the superposed stress, so that the stress of surrounding rocks of the roadway is increased, and particularly, the danger of rock burst of the coal body is increased under the action of external disturbance stress. The utility model provides an all-round release method in thick coal seam working face rock burst danger tunnel, is applied to the mining roadway of thick coal seam working face, can avoid the influence of external stress disturbance to the tunnel, and concrete step is:
A. and when the tunnel is tunneled to a rock burst dangerous area, determining a pressure relief mode and pressure relief parameters according to mining conditions and geological conditions.
The rock burst dangerous area is determined by dividing according to coal bed impact tendency, mining depth, top and bottom plate lithology, structural stress and coal pillars by utilizing a comprehensive index method or a probability index method. The geological conditions comprise geological factors such as stress in rock bodies, rock body characteristics, coal seam characteristics and the like, and the mining conditions comprise mining technologies, coal pillars, mining stopping lines and the like. The comprehensive index method is a method for analyzing the influence of various mining technical factors, geological factors and the like on the rock burst, determining the influence weight of various factors, then integrating the influence weights, establishing a rock burst risk evaluation model and evaluating and predicting the rock burst risk. The probability index method is an impact risk degree evaluation method based on mining stress and impact tendency, and is used for calculating the membership degree of a certain stress state and impact tendency index to rock burst by applying a fuzzy mathematical theory so as to judge the possibility of the rock burst in each area.
Wherein a probability index method is adopted: firstly, calculating the distribution rule of the mining stress field; then testing and calculating the impact tendency of the coal rock mass; then calculating the membership degree of the stress and the impact tendency to the rock burst occurrence event; then calculating the possibility index of the occurrence of rock burst; and finally diagnosing the possibility of rock burst in a certain area.
B. And respectively constructing and releasing pressure on the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides to form a cylindrical pressure releasing belt, wherein the outer diameter of the cylindrical pressure releasing belt is more than 2 times of the diameter of the roadway supporting area. The pressure relief belt is closed after being stressed to generate a wedge-shaped resistance belt, when impact occurs, the cylindrical area can realize integral stress and prevent the coal body from protruding, the wedge-shaped resistance belt is generated, and therefore the danger of rock burst is avoided.
The top plate can be constructed for hydraulic layered slotting pressure relief, the bottom plate is constructed for drilling and water injection pressure relief, the roadway is constructed for large-diameter drilling and pressure relief at two sides, and finally the cylindrical pressure relief belt is formed. In addition, hydraulic separation slot pressure relief can be respectively constructed on the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides, the outmost circles of slots for hydraulic separation slot pressure relief are all located on the same circumference, the innermost circles of slots for hydraulic separation slot pressure relief are also located on the same circumference, the position of the pressure relief belt can be determined through cutting seams, and the inside and the outside are in the direction from inside to outside according to the surrounding rocks in the roadway. The top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides can also assist in construction blasting presplitting pressure relief or drilling pressure relief, and proper pressure relief methods can be selected at different positions.
The construction of hydraulic separation slot pressure relief specifically includes:
a. and drilling holes to the position of the pressure relief belt by using the drilling machine and the high-pressure drill rod.
b. After the hole is drilled to the preset hole expanding position, the high-pressure drill rod is connected with the high-pressure rotary slotting nozzle, and hole expanding is started.
c. And starting reaming, moving the drill rod back and forth and rotating the drill rod intermittently to improve the reaming effect.
d. And adding one or more drill rods after reaming to continue reaming until slotting and pressure relief are completed.
C. And determining the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway, wherein the stress peak area of the surrounding rock of the roadway is located outside the supporting area after pressure relief is completed.
The stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway is determined by a drilling cutting method or an online stress monitoring system, and the drilling cutting method determines the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway by measuring the amount of pulverized coal. The supporting area is a cylindrical area with the center from the roadway as the center and the sum of the width of the roadway and the length of the anchor cable as the radius.
Through implementing all-round three-dimensional release, can cause the tunnel to take place structural failure by certain degree of depth country rock, form a weakening zone, cause the high stress in the peripheral country rock in tunnel to shift to the deep to make near the tunnel country rock be in the low stress area, when the impact takes place, the release space can absorb the buggy that rushes out, the closure of top bottom plate still can produce "wedge" resistance area in the release area, can prevent the coal body to rush out to a certain extent.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a certain mine is taken as an example, and an omnibearing pressure relief method for a rock burst dangerous roadway on a thick coal seam working face and beneficial effects thereof are explained.
The stratum sequentially comprises a fourth system, an upper third system, a second system upper stone box group, a lower system lower stone box group, a Shanxi group, a stone charcoal system upper Taiyuan group and a ZhongTongxi group from top to bottom. The main mining coal seam of the mine is 3 coal seams, and the average thickness is 3.78 m. 3301 the working face coal layer thickness is 6.0m, the working face air intake and return tunnel adopts rectangular section, the clear width is 4.4m, the clear height is 3.8m, the top coal construction is supported. The top plate is a left-handed non-longitudinal rib screw steel anchor rod with phi 22 multiplied by 2400(mm), and the spacing is determined to be 900 multiplied by 900 (mm); the upper part of the anchor rod is a right-handed equal-strength full-thread steel anchor rod with phi of 20 multiplied by 2400(mm), the pitch is determined to be 900 multiplied by 900(mm), the anchor cable is a left-handed prestressed steel strand with phi of 22 multiplied by 8000(mm), and the pitch between the anchor cables is 1800 multiplied by 900 (mm); anchor rod tray 150 × 150 × 12 (mm); anchor cable tray anchor rod tray 300 x 12 (mm).
And step A, when the roadway is tunneled to a rock burst dangerous area, determining a pressure relief mode and pressure relief parameters according to mining conditions and geological conditions.
And (3) determining that the working face is a strong impact dangerous area in a range leading by 200m by using a probability index method, relating to pressure relief parameters, and determining the parameters of the anchor rod, the anchor cable and hydraulic cutting pressure relief.
And B, respectively constructing pressure relief on the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides to form a cylindrical pressure relief belt, wherein the outer diameter of the cylindrical pressure relief belt is more than 2 times of the diameter of the roadway support area. The pressure relief belt is closed after being stressed to generate a wedge-shaped resistance belt, when impact occurs, the cylindrical area can realize integral stress and prevent the coal body from protruding, the wedge-shaped resistance belt is generated, and therefore the danger of rock burst is avoided.
Wherein, the construction of water conservancy division slot release specifically includes:
a. and drilling holes to the position of the pressure relief belt by using the drilling machine and the high-pressure drill rod.
b. After the hole is drilled to the preset hole expanding position, the high-pressure drill rod is connected with the high-pressure rotary slotting nozzle, and hole expanding is started.
c. And starting reaming, moving the drill rod back and forth and rotating the drill rod intermittently to improve the reaming effect.
d. And adding one or more drill rods after reaming to continue reaming until slotting and pressure relief are completed.
C. And determining the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway, wherein the stress peak area of the surrounding rock of the roadway is located outside the supporting area after pressure relief is completed.
And (3) performing auxiliary construction on the roadway sides to perform large-diameter drilling pressure relief, wherein the bore diameter of the drilled hole is 150mm, the bore depth is 20m, and the drilling distance is 1 m.
And step C, determining the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway by using a drilling cutting method, wherein the stress peak area of the surrounding rock of the roadway is positioned outside the supporting area after pressure relief is completed. Fig. 4 shows stress distribution curves before and after pressure relief, in which the broken line is the stress distribution curve before pressure relief and the solid line is the stress distribution curve after pressure relief.
The drilling cutting method is to determine the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway by measuring the amount of coal dust, and to judge the stress distribution rule by drilling a small-diameter drill hole (with a diameter of 42mm-50mm) in the coal seam according to the amount of the coal dust discharged at different depths during drilling, the change rule of the coal dust and related power phenomena. The supporting area is a cylindrical area with the center of the roadway as the center of a circle, the sum of the width of the roadway and the length of the anchor cable as a radius, and the outer ends of the anchor cables are distributed on the same circumference.
The roadway can be supported in a supporting area after pressure relief, the anchor rod and anchor cable support in a strong impact area is completely changed from end anchoring to lengthened anchoring, and the roof supporting coal roadway in a strong impact dangerous area and a thick coal seam above a medium coal seam adopts an active high-strength composite supporting mode with strong deformation resistance and surface protection capability, such as an anchor net cable beam, a large-diameter tray, a high-strength steel belt, a steel mesh and the like. The primary supporting of the working face is kept, so that the roadway supporting and protecting ring is of an integrally matched high-strength and energy-absorbing cylindrical structure, and the balanced yielding characteristic of a circular structure is fully exerted.
In addition, according to field monitoring data, the overall stress of the roadway in the cylindrical protection area with overall yielding is low, and the stress concentration degree around the roadway is reduced; the number of the integral microseismic events of the roadway in the cylindrical protection area with plastic pressure relief is small, and the energy concentration situation around the roadway is reduced.
The method implements omnibearing three-dimensional pressure relief in an impact dangerous area through a high-pressure hydraulic joint cutting, realizes the release and transfer of energy in a pressure relief protection cylinder range, and does not form an impact event; when energy is released outside the range of the protective ring, the pressure relief quilt can absorb the energy, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the roadway.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An all-round pressure relief method of rock burst dangerous roadway of thick coal seam working face is applied to the mining roadway of thick coal seam working face, and is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
A. when the roadway is tunneled to a rock burst dangerous area, determining a pressure relief mode and pressure relief parameters according to mining conditions and geological conditions;
B. respectively constructing pressure relief on the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides to form a cylindrical pressure relief belt, wherein the outer diameter of the cylindrical pressure relief belt is more than 2 times of the diameter of a roadway supporting area;
C. and determining the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway, wherein the stress peak area of the surrounding rock of the roadway is located outside the supporting area after pressure relief is completed.
2. The omnibearing pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the working face of the thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein hydraulic layered slotting pressure relief is performed on the top plate, water injection pressure relief is performed on the bottom plate, and large-diameter drilling pressure relief is performed on two sides of the roadway.
3. The omnibearing pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the working face of the thick coal seam according to claim 1, wherein hydraulic separation slotting pressure relief is respectively constructed on the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides, and the outermost circles of slotting for hydraulic separation slotting pressure relief are all located on the same circumference; the top plate, the bottom plate and the two sides also assist in construction blasting presplitting pressure relief or drilling pressure relief.
4. The all-round pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the working face of the thick coal seam according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the construction of hydraulic isolation slot pressure relief specifically comprises:
a. drilling holes by using a drilling machine and a high-pressure drill rod;
b. after drilling to a preset hole expanding position, connecting a high-pressure drill rod with a high-pressure rotary slotting nozzle;
c. starting reaming, moving back and forth and rotating the drill rod intermittently;
d. and adding one or more drill rods after reaming to continue reaming until slotting and pressure relief are completed.
5. The omnibearing pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the working face of the thick coal seam as claimed in claim 3, wherein the roadway side is constructed with large-diameter drill holes for pressure relief, the diameter of each drill hole is 150mm, the depth of each drill hole is 20m, and the distance between the drill holes is 1 m.
6. The all-round pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the thick coal seam working face is characterized in that the rock burst dangerous area is determined by utilizing a comprehensive index method or a probability index method and dividing according to coal seam impact tendency, mining depth, roof and floor lithology, construction stress and coal pillars.
7. The all-round pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the working face of the thick coal seam according to claim 1, characterized in that the stress state of the roadway surrounding rock is determined by a drilling cutting method or an online stress monitoring system; the drilling cutting method determines the stress state of the surrounding rock of the roadway through the measurement of the amount of coal powder.
8. The omnibearing pressure relief method for the rock burst dangerous roadway on the thick coal seam working face is characterized in that the supporting area is a cylindrical area with the center from the roadway to the center as the center, and the sum of the width of the roadway and the length of the anchor cable as the radius; the pressure relief band is closed after being stressed to generate a wedge-shaped resistance band.
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| CN112483185A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-03-12 | 山东科技大学 | Method for observing rock burst danger range under three-dimensional coal pillar |
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| US11834949B2 (en) | 2022-04-22 | 2023-12-05 | Shandong University Of Science And Technology | Collaborative erosion-control method of releasing-splitting-supporting based on coal mass pressure relief and roof pre-splitting |
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