CN111606414A - SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge and operation method thereof - Google Patents
SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 196
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1263—Sequencing batch reactors [SBR]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1205—Particular type of activated sludge processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/005—Processes using a programmable logic controller [PLC]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge, which comprises a water inlet unit, a reactor main body and a water outlet unit which are connected in sequence, wherein the reactor main body is connected with an aeration unit, and the aeration unit and the water inlet unit are respectively connected with a control unit. The reactor main body comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the inner cylinder is used as a sewage treatment reaction area, and the outer cylinder is used as a constant-temperature water bath area; when sewage is treated, the reactor periodically operates according to the sequence of water inlet and outlet, standing, aeration and precipitation, and the plug flow type drainage is synchronously performed while water is fed, so that supernatant can be discharged out of the reactor, flocculent sludge with poor settling property can be effectively removed, redundant wastewater is discharged, and the superiority of aerobic granular sludge in the reactor is ensured; the mode of constant temperature water bath is adopted, and the activity of aerobic activated sludge is improved and the sewage treatment rate is improved through external circulation constant temperature water bath from bottom to top. Solves the problem of low utilization rate of dissolved oxygen of the existing sewage treatment biological device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sewage biological treatment equipment, and particularly relates to an SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge, and an operation method of the SBR reactor for stably culturing the aerobic granular sludge.
Background
In China, the problems of water resource shortage and water pollution are increasingly aggravated, and particularly, the problem of water eutrophication caused by nitrogen and phosphorus is the most serious. Therefore, research and development of economic and efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal sewage treatment technologies have become important research points and hot spots in the field of water pollution control. An activated sludge treatment technology which operates in an intermittent aeration mode is called SBR (sequencing batch reactor) in short English of an intermittent activated sludge method treatment system. In principle, a batch-type activated sludge process treatment system can be used as a new operating mode for the activated sludge process. If so, the continuous plug-flow aeration tank is a spatial plug-flow; although the batch-type activated sludge aeration tank is a completely mixed type in terms of flow state, it is a plug flow in terms of time in terms of organic matter degradation. In the continuous plug flow aeration tank, organic pollutants are degraded along the space, while in the intermittent activated sludge treatment system, organic matters are degraded along the passage of time. Compared with a continuous activated sludge process system, the intermittent activated sludge process treatment system has the following advantages: the structure is simple, no secondary sedimentation tank is arranged, and the volume of the aeration tank is smaller than that of a continuous type, so the construction cost and the operation cost are both lower; the SVI value is low, the sludge is easy to precipitate, and the sludge bulking phenomenon is not generated generally; by adjusting the operation mode, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal reaction can be carried out in a single aeration tank; the automatic control instruments such as an electric valve, a liquid level meter, an automatic timer, a programmable controller and the like are applied, so that the whole process is automated and controlled by a central control room; the operation is properly managed, and the quality of the treated water is superior to that of a continuous type.
In the current field of sewage treatment technology, the activated sludge process is one of the most widely used technologies. The Aerobic Granular Sludge (Aerobic Granular Sludge) is cell self-immobilized particles which are spontaneously formed under an Aerobic condition, and has good sedimentation performance, higher biological retention and good biological activity. Compared with the traditional activated sludge, the aerobic granular sludge has the advantages of compact structure, regular appearance, clear boundary, good settling property, high toxicity resistance, synchronous nitrogen and phosphorus removal, difficult sludge expansion of impact resistance and the like, provides more abundant microorganisms, and becomes a biological sewage treatment technology with good development prospect in the field of sewage treatment.
At present, the culture of aerobic granular sludge mainly adopts an SBR reactor with larger height-diameter ratio. This reactor configuration aids in the formation of granular sludge, primarily due to: the reactor can play a role in hydraulic screening to screen out sludge with better settling property, flocculent sludge with poor settling property can be washed out of the reactor in shorter settling time, and the unique water flow mode of the reactors also has an important influence on the formation of granular sludge, so that the granular sludge is easy to form in the reactors.
Research shows that the columnar upflow reactor with larger height-diameter ratio (H/D) provides higher hydraulic shearing force, longer circulating flow path and higher random collision frequency, and compared with a full mixed flow reactor, the microorganism flocs are easy to form sludge particles with regular shapes in the columnar upflow reactor. Then the structure of the sludge becomes more compact and regular under the action of shearing force such as aeration, stirring and the like, and granular sludge which can be seen by naked eyes is formed. The requirement of the culture condition of the aerobic granular sludge is strict, and the problems of large sludge loss and system operation collapse are easily caused by short settling time in the culture stage, which increases the difficulty of the aerobic granular sludge culture. At present, the biological device for treating the urban sewage has low water conservancy shearing force, low utilization rate of dissolved oxygen and low formation speed of aerobic granular sludge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge, which solves the problem of low utilization rate of dissolved oxygen of the existing sewage treatment biological device.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating an SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge comprises a water inlet unit, a reactor main body and a water outlet unit which are connected in sequence, wherein the reactor main body is connected with an aeration unit, and the aeration unit and the water inlet unit are respectively connected with a control unit.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the water inlet unit comprises a water inlet barrel, the water inlet barrel is connected with a peristaltic pump, the peristaltic pump is connected with the reactor main body through a water inlet pipe, and the peristaltic pump is located between the water inlet barrel and the reactor main body.
The reactor main body comprises a tank body with a double-layer sleeve structure, the tank body comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the bottom of the tank body is connected with a water distribution disc through a gasket b, the lower part of the water distribution disc is connected with a base through a gasket a, a water inlet is formed in the center of the base, a movable blocking piece is arranged above the water inlet, a through hole is formed in the position, corresponding to the water inlet, of the bottom of the cylinder body in the tank body, the through hole is communicated with the water inlet pipe of a peristaltic pump through the; the top of the tank body is provided with an upper cover; the height-diameter ratio of the inner cylinder of the tank body is 12.93;
a sludge discharge port is radially formed in the bottom of the barrel in the tank body, the sludge discharge port penetrates through the outer barrel and extends out of the tank body, a constant-temperature water bath water inlet is formed in the outer barrel and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the sludge discharge port, and a sampling port a, a sampling port b, a sampling port c and a sampling port d are formed in the barrel in the tank body and is positioned above the constant-temperature water bath water inlet; the sampling port b and the sampling port c are positioned on the same horizontal plane above the sampling port a; the sample connection d is located sample connection b top, and sample connection a, sample connection b, sample connection c and sample connection d all run through the urceolus and stretch out a jar external portion, and the outlet is seted up at jar internal barrel top, and the outlet includes outlet a and the outlet b of radial setting, and outlet a, outlet b are located same horizontal plane, and outlet a top sets up the water bath outlet of keeping warm.
The aeration unit comprises an air pump, a rotor flow meter and a micropore sand core aeration head which are sequentially connected, the sand core aeration head is positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body in the tank body, an aeration pipe air inlet and an air vent are arranged in the middle of the upper cover, the aeration pipe air inlet and the air vent are connected with the micropore sand core aeration head through pipelines, and the rotor flow meter is arranged outside the tank body.
The control unit is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller), and the PLC is respectively connected with the peristaltic pump, the rotor flow meter and the air pump.
The water outlet unit comprises a water outlet barrel, the water outlet a and the water outlet b are connected with a water outlet pipe, and the reactor main body is connected with the water outlet barrel through the water outlet pipe.
The water distribution plate adopts three layers of bonding and adopts a hollow design inside.
Four corners are arranged at the lower part of the base.
The movable blocking piece is made of organic glass.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an operation method of an SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge is operated according to the sequence of plug flow type synchronous water inlet and outlet, standing, aeration and precipitation, and the operation method comprises the following specific steps:
water inflow: pumping the wastewater to be treated in the water inlet bucket into the reactor main body through a peristaltic pump, and carrying out anaerobic denitrification by the system;
standing: then the reactor is kept still for 30 min;
aeration: aerating the wastewater by using a peristaltic pump; in the aeration stage, an air pump is connected with a rotor flow meter, aeration is carried out on the reactor main body through the rotor flow meter, an air pipe and a micropore sand core aeration head extending into the bottom of the reactor, the PLC controller is used for carrying out timed aeration, when the aeration is finished, the air pump stops running, and the PLC controller is used for realizing the timed switching of the air pump;
and after the aeration phase is finished, entering a precipitation phase, setting the initial precipitation time to be 20min, gradually reducing the precipitation time according to the operation condition of the reactor, and finally reducing the precipitation time to 5 min. Within the set settling time, the sludge which cannot be settled is discharged out of the system along with the effluent, and one period is finished; and (5) starting the next period, synchronously feeding and discharging water, standing, aerating and precipitating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the SBR reactor for stably culturing the aerobic granular sludge improves the water conservancy shearing force and the dissolved oxygen utilization rate through the reasonable design of the height-diameter ratio, realizes the rapid culture of the aerobic granular sludge, and particularly has the following advantages:
1. the plug flow type synchronous water inlet and outlet is adopted, the inlet water firstly passes through the sludge deposited at the bottom and is fully mixed with the sludge, and most of COD and ammonia nitrogen are metabolized and utilized. Discharging the water body after treatment in the tank body while feeding water in an anaerobic manner; flocculent sludge with poor settling effect is removed under the action of selective pressure, and high-quality granular sludge is further selected.
2. Through the reasonable design of the height-diameter ratio, the density pressure difference generated by the reactor under the working conditions of aeration and pressurized water inflow forms gas stripping kinetic energy, and then vortex is formed inside the reactor by utilizing the potential difference and the pressure difference, so that the fluid speed is improved, the hydraulic shearing force is enhanced, the utilization rate of oxygen is improved, the particle collision rate is enhanced, and the aerobic granular sludge is formed better.
3. The water is uniformly distributed through the water distribution disc 14 at the bottom and is fully mixed with the sludge, pollutants are treated while water is fed, and the treatment efficiency of the sewage at the anaerobic section is improved. And meanwhile, the bottom of the reactor is prevented from having water inlet dead corners. The lower part of the water distribution plate 14 is designed in a hollow way, so that water in the hollow part uniformly enters the reactor through the water distribution plate under the driving force of water inlet, and the water inlet is further homogenized.
4. Through simple and ingenious, structural design, realize the integration of SBR reactor of a stable cultivation good oxygen granule mud and equip.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of an SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the upper cover of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of a water distribution plate of an SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge according to the present invention
FIG. 8 is a graph of the change in reactor sludge concentration in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus in one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of cultured granular sludge in an example of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a water inlet barrel, 2, a peristaltic pump, 3, a reactor main body, 4, an air pump, 5, a rotor flow meter, 6, a micropore sand core aeration head, 7, a water outlet, 8, a water outlet barrel, 9, a PLC (programmable logic controller), 10, a base, 11, a water inlet and 12, and a gasket a; 13. the constant-temperature water bath aeration device comprises a movable gasket, 14 a water distribution disc, 15 gaskets, b and 16 sludge discharge ports, 17 constant-temperature water bath water inlet ports, 18 sample ports, a and 19 sample ports, b and 20 sample ports, c and 21 sample ports, d and 22 sample ports, a water discharge port a and 23 water discharge ports, b and 24 constant-temperature water bath water discharge ports, 25 an upper cover, 26 an aeration pipe air inlet, 27 an air discharge port and 28 supporting and fixing bolts, and 29 a tank body.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The structure of the SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge, disclosed by the invention, comprises a water inlet unit, a reactor main body 3 and a water outlet unit which are connected in sequence, wherein the reactor main body 3 is connected with an aeration unit, and the aeration unit and the water inlet unit are respectively connected with a control unit. The water inlet unit and the water outlet unit are used for water inlet and water outlet of the reactor main body 3;
the water inlet unit comprises a water inlet barrel 1, the water inlet barrel 1 is connected with a peristaltic pump 2, the peristaltic pump 2 is connected with a reactor main body 3 through a water inlet pipe, the peristaltic pump 2 is located between the water inlet barrel 1 and the reactor main body 3, sewage to be treated stored in the water inlet barrel 1 is conveyed into the reactor main body 3, and water is discharged from the upper portion of the reactor main body 3 while water is fed from the bottom of the reactor main body 3, namely plug-flow type water discharge is realized.
As shown in fig. 2, the reactor main body 3 includes a tank 29 of a double-layered sleeve structure, the tank 29 includes an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the inner cylinder serves as a sewage treatment reaction area, and an area between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the tank 29 serves as a constant temperature water bath area; the bottom of the tank 29 is connected with the water distribution plate 14 through a gasket b15, as shown in fig. 7, the water distribution plate 14 adopts three layers of bonding and hollow design, water distribution is further homogenized through water storage in a small space, the lower part of the water distribution plate 14 is connected with the base 10 through a gasket a12, and the gasket a12 and the gasket b15 are both used for increasing friction force, increasing the overall mechanical sealing type and preventing components from being stressed or displaced. A water inlet 11 is formed in the center of the base 10, and a movable blocking piece 13 is arranged above the water inlet 11, so that the water flow direction of inlet water is changed under the buffering effect of the inlet water, and the inlet water is uniformly distributed around the inlet water. As shown in fig. 6, the water inlet 11 is connected with the movable baffle 13 by a supporting and fixing bolt 28, and the movable baffle 13 is located below the water distribution tray 14 for buffering the pressure of the inlet water on the water distribution tray 14 and simultaneously for uniformly distributing the water on the water distribution tray 14. The bottom of the cylinder in the tank body 29 is provided with a through hole corresponding to the water inlet 11, the through hole is communicated with the water inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump 2 through the water inlet 11, the base 10, the water distribution disc 14 and the tank body 29 are communicated with each other, the water distribution disc 14 is arranged above the water inlet 11, the water distribution disc 14 at the bottom enables inlet water to be uniformly distributed and fully mixed with sludge, pollutants are treated while the inlet water is fed, and the treatment efficiency of sewage in an anaerobic section is improved. Meanwhile, the bottom of the reactor is prevented from having water inlet dead corners, and water enters the water inlet pipe and is uniformly distributed on the inner barrel wall of the tank body 29 through the water distribution plate 14; the top of the tank body 29 is provided with an upper cover 25, and the movable blocking piece 13 is made of organic glass. The lower portion of the base 10 is provided with four corners for fixing and stabilizing the device.
The bottom of the inner cylinder of the tank 29 is radially provided with a sludge discharge port 16, the sludge discharge port 16 penetrates through the outer cylinder and extends out of the tank 29, the outer cylinder is provided with a constant-temperature water bath water inlet 17 on the same horizontal plane with the sludge discharge port 16, and the inner cylinder of the tank 29 is provided with a sampling port a18, a sampling port b19, a sampling port c20 and a sampling port d21 above the constant-temperature water bath water inlet 17. A sampling port a18 is located at the bottom of the tank 29 for sampling during the anaerobic phase; as shown in fig. 5, the sampling port b19 and the sampling port c20 are positioned on the same level above the sampling port a18, and the sampling port b19 and the sampling port c20 are positioned in the middle of the tank 29 and are used for sampling in the aeration period; the sampling port d21 is positioned above the sampling port b19, and the sampling port d21 is positioned at the upper part of the tank body 29 and is used for taking water samples; the sampling port a18, the sampling port b19, the sampling port c20 and the sampling port d21 all extend out of the can 29 through the outer cylinder.
The water outlet unit comprises a water outlet barrel 8, a water outlet 7 is formed in the top of the barrel in the tank body 29, the water outlet 7 comprises a water outlet a22 and a water outlet b23 which are radially arranged, and the water outlet a22 and the water outlet b23 are located on the same horizontal plane and are used for uniformly, stably and efficiently discharging the treated water body, so that better water conservancy conditions are created for plug-flow type inflow water. The water outlet opening a22 and the water outlet opening b23 are connected 7 with a water outlet pipe, the reactor body 3 is connected with a water outlet barrel 8 through the water outlet pipe, and the sewage treated in the reactor body 3 is discharged into the water outlet barrel.
As shown in fig. 4, the constant temperature water bath outlet 24 is arranged above the water outlet a22, and the constant temperature water bath mode of downward inlet and upward outlet is used for providing a constant temperature environment for the microorganisms in the whole tank body, providing an environmental factor suitable for the growth of the microorganisms, and being more beneficial to the rapid formation and stable culture of granular sludge.
The aeration unit comprises an air pump 4, a rotor flow meter 5 and a micropore sand core aeration head 6 which are connected in sequence, wherein the micropore sand core aeration head 6 is positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body in the tank body 29 and is used for uniformly aerating the whole tank body. As shown in FIG. 3, an aeration pipe air inlet 26 and an air vent 27 are arranged in the middle of the upper cover 25, the aeration pipe air inlet 26 and the air vent 27 are connected with the micropore sand core aeration head 6 through pipelines, and a rotor flow meter 5 is arranged outside the tank body 29 and used for monitoring the aeration amount in real time so as to explore the growth characteristics of the granular sludge under different aeration conditions and determine the optimal aeration amount.
The whole device is centrally controlled by a control unit, the control unit is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) 9, the PLC 9 is respectively connected with the peristaltic pump 2, the rotor flow meter 5 and the air pump 4, and the opening and closing of the peristaltic pump, the rotor flow meter and the air pump are automatically controlled according to a time control switch in the PLC 9.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the height of the reactor body 3 is 97cm, the inner diameter of the cylinder in the tank 29 is 7.5cm, and the height-diameter ratio is equal to 12.93. Shorter settling times allow flocculent sludge with poorer settling properties to be washed out of the reactor. The reasonable height-diameter ratio ensures that the density pressure difference generated by the reactor main body 3 forms gas stripping kinetic energy under the working conditions of aeration and pressurized water inflow, and then forms vortex in the reactor by utilizing the potential difference and the pressure difference, thereby improving the fluid speed, enhancing the hydraulic shearing force, improving the utilization rate of oxygen, enhancing the particle collision rate and facilitating the better formation of aerobic granular sludge.
The activity of the aerobic activated sludge is improved and the sewage treatment rate is improved simultaneously through the external circulation constant temperature water bath from bottom to top. Since temperature affects the growth and metabolic activity of microorganisms, the cultivation of aerobic granular sludge is usually performed at room temperature; the growth, metabolic activity and nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect of the microorganisms of the aerobic granular sludge at the temperature of 20 ℃ are obviously higher than those of other temperatures. Therefore, the constant temperature water bath area between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the tank body 29 adopts the constant temperature water bath with the temperature of 20 ℃, and provides the optimum growth environment for the aerobic granular sludge.
The SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge provided by the invention operates according to the sequence of plug-flow type synchronous water inlet and outlet, standing, aeration and precipitation, and the operation method comprises the following specific steps:
water inflow: pumping the wastewater to be treated in the water inlet barrel 1 into the reactor main body 3 through the peristaltic pump 2, and carrying out anaerobic denitrification on the system;
standing: then the reactor is kept still for 30 min;
aeration: aerating the wastewater by using a peristaltic pump 2; in the aeration stage, an air pump 4 is connected with a rotor flow meter 5, aeration is carried out on the reactor main body through the rotor flow meter 5, an air pipe and a micropore sand core aeration head 6 extending into the bottom of the reactor, the PLC 9 is used for carrying out timed aeration, when the aeration is finished, the air pump 4 stops running, and the PLC 9 is used for realizing the timed switching of the air pump 4;
and after the aeration phase is finished, entering a precipitation phase, setting the initial precipitation time to be 20min, gradually reducing the precipitation time according to the operation condition of the reactor, and finally reducing the precipitation time to 5 min. Within the set settling time, the sludge which cannot be settled is discharged out of the system along with the effluent, and one period is finished; and (5) starting the next period, synchronously feeding and discharging water, standing, aerating and precipitating.
In general, in the SBR system with shorter settling time, the sludge with better settling property is more beneficial to be remained and grown, and the flocculent sludge with poorer settling property can be washed out of the reactor by shorter settling time. During aeration, the reactor is in a mud-water mixing stage, aeration is stopped in a sedimentation stage, sludge begins to sediment to the bottom due to the self weight, and floccule mud with poor sedimentation property can sediment as the sedimentation time is longer, the sedimentation is very slow as the self weight is lighter, and the early sedimentation time is set to be longer because granular sludge in the system is not formed, and if the sedimentation time is too short, a large amount of floccule mud is discharged, so that the system is easy to collapse; and at a later stage, the flocculent sludge cannot be too much in the system and can compete for organic substrates, which can adversely affect the growth of granular sludge.
The working principle of the SBR reactor for stably culturing the aerobic granular sludge provided by the invention is as follows: the water inlet unit of the invention adopts plug flow type water inlet and outlet from bottom to top, and selects high-quality aerobic granular sludge and discharges redundant supernatant fluid while feeding water, thereby ensuring the superiority of the aerobic granular sludge in the reactor. The plug flow type synchronous water inlet and outlet is adopted, the inlet water firstly passes through the sludge deposited at the bottom and is fully mixed with the sludge, and most of COD and ammonia nitrogen are metabolized and utilized. When the anaerobic water is fed, the treated water in the tank body 29 is discharged, and simultaneously, flocculent sludge with poor settling effect is removed under the action of selective pressure, and high-quality granular sludge is further selected. When the SBR reactor is adopted to treat sewage, the SBR is periodically and continuously operated, water is synchronously drained in a plug-flow mode while water is fed, supernatant is discharged out of the reactor, activated sludge with better sedimentation performance stays in the reactor, and a new round of pollutant removal is started in a next new period.
The technical effects of the present invention will be further described by the following examples.
In the embodiment, an organic glass barrel is adopted to prepare an inner barrel 29 of a tank body of a reactor main body 3, the barrel is 97cm high, the inner diameter is 7.5cm, the height-diameter ratio is 12.93, aerobic granular sludge of urban sewage is treated by a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) with the effective volume of 4.0L, the inoculated sludge in an inoculated sludge experiment is activated sludge from an aeration tank of a fourth sewage treatment plant (AAO process) in the city of Xian, and the taken-back sludge is filtered for 2-3 times to remove larger impurities and suspended matters to serve as inoculated sludge.
In the embodiment, an SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge is adopted, and the operation process of treating town sewage and culturing the aerobic granular sludge is as follows: the SBR process is adopted to operate the reactor, and the reactor operates according to the sequence of plug flow type synchronous water inlet and outlet, standing, aeration and precipitation under the control of the PLC 9.
The initial operating conditions of the reactor were: the operation was carried out for 6 cycles per day, each 4 hours. Wherein, the method comprises the steps of synchronously feeding and discharging water for 60min by plug flow, standing for 30min, aerating for 130min, gradually reducing the sedimentation time to 5min from 20min according to the running condition of the reactor during the granular sludge culture, correspondingly prolonging the aeration time, and automatically controlling the opening and closing of each reaction section by adopting a PLC (programmable logic controller) 9. The surface air speed provided by the microporous sand core aeration head 6 is 1.2L/min, and the volume exchange ratio is 50%.
At the initial stage of starting the reactor, ordinary activated floc sludge with the sludge concentration of 10.1g/L is inoculated into the reactor, and simulated wastewater with the COD concentration of 400mg/L is used as a water inlet substrate to operate.
As shown in FIG. 8, MLSS was maintained at 4000-5500 mg/L after the reactor had been operated stably. Along with the flocculation and agglomeration of the floc sludge of the reactor, the granulation of the sludge is realized, the numerical value of the SVI30 of the reactor is gradually reduced, and the sedimentation performance of the granular sludge is continuously improved. After the particles matured, the value of SVI30 fluctuated normally around 45 mL/g.
Fig. 9 shows the change in contaminant concentration in the reactor during a typical period after the system has stabilized. In the water feeding and standing stage, sampling is carried out from the top of the reactor to detect various indexes, and in the aerobic stage, sampling is carried out from a sampling port b 19. Test results show that after the system operates stably, the COD effluent concentration is about 30mg/L, and NH4+-N is substantially completely removed, NO2-The concentration of the effluent-N is below 0.1mg/L, NO3-The concentration of the effluent of the-N is 15-20 mg/L. The system has good dephosphorization effect, and the phosphorus content of the effluent is lower than 0.1 mg/L.
As shown in FIG. 10, the particle size of the granular sludge cultured in this example is large (the maximum particle size can reach 5mm), the granular sludge is light yellow, the structure is dense, and pores are left on the surface to ensure that dissolved oxygen and nutrients enter the interior of the granules. In addition, there were a large number of opalescent phosphorus accumulating particles. The sludge has good organic pollutant removal efficiency, nitration reaction rate and phosphorus removal effect.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a stably cultivate SBR reactor of good oxygen granule mud which characterized in that, is including the unit of intaking, reactor main part (3), the unit of going out that connects gradually, connect aeration unit on reactor main part (3), aeration unit and the unit of intaking connect the control unit respectively.
2. An SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water inlet unit comprises a water inlet tank (1), the water inlet tank (1) is connected with a peristaltic pump (2), the peristaltic pump (2) is connected with the reactor body (3) through a water inlet pipe, and the peristaltic pump (2) is positioned between the water inlet tank (1) and the reactor body (3).
3. The SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 2, wherein the reactor main body (3) comprises a tank body (29) with a double-layer sleeve structure, the tank body (29) comprises an inner cylinder and an outer cylinder, the bottom of the tank body (29) is connected with a water distribution disc (14) through a gasket b (15), the lower part of the water distribution disc (14) is connected with a base (10) through a gasket a (12), a water inlet (11) is arranged at the center of the base (10), a movable baffle plate (13) is arranged above the water inlet (11), through holes are arranged at the position of the bottom of the cylinder body in the tank body (29) corresponding to the water inlet (11), the water inlet pipe of the peristaltic pump (2) is communicated with the water inlet (11) through the through holes, and the base (10), the water distribution disc (14) and; the top of the tank body (29) is provided with an upper cover (25);
a sludge discharge port (16) is radially formed in the bottom of an inner cylinder of the tank body (29), the sludge discharge port (16) penetrates through the outer cylinder and extends out of the tank body (29), a constant-temperature water bath water inlet (17) is formed in the outer cylinder and is positioned on the same horizontal plane with the sludge discharge port (16), and a sampling port a (18), a sampling port b (19), a sampling port c (20) and a sampling port d (21) are formed in the inner cylinder of the tank body (29) and is positioned above the constant-temperature water bath water inlet (17); the sampling port b (19) and the sampling port c (20) are positioned on the same horizontal plane above the sampling port a (18); sample connection d (21) is located sample connection b (19) top, sample connection a (18), sample connection b (19), sample connection c (20) and sample connection d (21) all run through the urceolus and stretch out jar body (29) outside, and the outlet (7) is seted up at jar body (29) inner tube top, and outlet (7) are including radial outlet a (22) and the outlet b (23) that set up, and outlet a (22), outlet b (23) are located same horizontal plane, and outlet a (22) top sets up thermostatic bath outlet (24), the height-diameter ratio of jar body (29) inner tube is 12.93.
4. The SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 3, wherein the aeration unit comprises an air pump (4), a rotor flow meter (5) and a sand core aeration head (6) which are connected in sequence, the sand core aeration head (6) is positioned at the bottom of the cylinder body in the tank body (29), an aeration pipe air inlet (26) and an air vent (27) are arranged in the middle of the upper cover (25), the aeration pipe air inlet (26) and the air vent (27) are connected with the sand core aeration head (6) through a pipeline, and the rotor flow meter (5) is arranged outside the tank body (29).
5. An SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 4, wherein the control unit is controlled by a PLC (9), and the PLC (9) is respectively connected with the peristaltic pump (2), the rotameter (5) and the air pump (4).
6. An SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water outlet unit comprises a water outlet tank (8), the water outlet port a (22) and the water outlet port b (23) are connected with a water outlet pipe, and the reactor main body (3) is connected with the water outlet tank (8) through the water outlet pipe.
7. The SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water distribution plate (14) is formed by three layers of bonding and has a hollow design inside.
8. An SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge in accordance with claim 3 wherein the lower portion of the base (10) is provided with four corners.
9. An SBR reactor for stably cultivating aerobic granular sludge as claimed in claim 3, wherein the movable baffle plate (13) is made of organic glass.
10. An operation method of an SBR reactor for stably culturing aerobic granular sludge is characterized by operating according to the sequence of plug-flow type synchronous water inlet and outlet, standing, aeration and precipitation, and the operation method comprises the following specific steps:
water inflow: pumping the wastewater to be treated in the water inlet barrel 1 into the reactor main body 3 through the peristaltic pump 2, and carrying out anaerobic denitrification on the system;
standing: then the reactor is kept still for 30 min;
aeration: aerating the wastewater by using a peristaltic pump 2; in the aeration stage, an air pump 4 is connected with a rotor flow meter 5, aeration is carried out on the reactor main body through the rotor flow meter 5, an air pipe and a micropore sand core aeration head 6 extending into the bottom of the reactor, the PLC 9 is used for carrying out timed aeration, when the aeration is finished, the air pump 4 stops running, and the PLC 9 is used for realizing the timed switching of the air pump 4;
after the aeration phase is finished, entering a precipitation phase, setting the initial precipitation time to be 20min, gradually reducing the precipitation time according to the operation condition of the reactor, and finally reducing the precipitation time to 5 min; within the set settling time, the sludge which cannot be settled is discharged out of the system along with the effluent, and one period is finished; and the next period starts, and the sequence of water inlet and outlet, standing, aeration and precipitation is synchronously operated.
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