CN111602678A

CN111602678A - Biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects and preparation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN111602678A
Application number: CN202010493273.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 丁柯中
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2020-06-03
Filing date: 2020-06-03
Publication date: 2020-09-01
Also published as: CN112690292A

Abstract

The invention provides a biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of cyanobacteria mud and 15-25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder. The blue algae mud contains toxic components, namely the blue algae toxin and the tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, and has obvious synergistic effect; the prepared rodenticide has antifertility action on male rats, has obvious antifertility action on female rats and has poisoning and anticoagulation actions on various harmful rats; the rodenticide of the invention is prepared from pure natural raw materials, does not pollute the environment, is not easy to cause drug resistance, does not generate secondary poisoning phenomenon, is easy to naturally degrade, and belongs to a green safe biological rodenticide.

Description

Biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rodenticides, in particular to a biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The rodent system is one of the main problems of harming the ecological environment of all countries in the world at present, the rodents are various in types, large in quantity and wide in distribution, the rodents cause huge losses to agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and basic construction, the rodents also spread various diseases, the damage to the health of human beings is great, and the global high attention is attracted. The rat eradication by chemical drugs is most adopted, most widely applied and most obvious in effect, but due to serious environmental pollution and secondary poisoning phenomenon, the rat eradication situation is eliminated. The first generation of hypertoxic raticide has been banned by the national regulations due to the serious secondary poisoning phenomenon, the second generation of anticoagulant raticide has the secondary poisoning phenomenon although the toxicity is less, and the poisoning latency period of misuse is long, is not easy to find, has large treatment difficulty, and is also limited by the nation at present. The chemical fast-death rat killing can cause a plurality of 'population vacuum' environments, stimulate the rapid propagation of the residual rat, recover or even exceed the original level, so that the rat damage in some areas is not relieved but becomes more serious, all the species prompt people to search for new rat killing technology and new rat killing drugs, and the biological rat killing agent is concerned about because the biological rat killing agent has the advantages of no environmental pollution, difficult drug resistance, no secondary poisoning phenomenon, easy natural degradation and the like, and the development and utilization of the biological rat killing agent with multiple rat killing effects, which has high safety coefficient and good rat killing effect, has important significance for preventing and controlling the rat damage, protecting the environment and developing the biogenic rat killing agent in China.

Blue-green algae (blue-green algae) is a large unicellular prokaryotic organism with long evolutionary history, gram-negative color, no flagella, chlorophyll a, no chloroplast (algae different from eukaryotes) and capability of aerobic photosynthesis. The blue algae outbreak brings serious harm to fishery and breeding industry, the blue algae outbreak tendency is generated in water areas such as Taihu lake, nested lake, Er-Hai and the like due to eutrophication of water bodies, and the blue algae treatment becomes a world-level water environment ecological pollution treatment problem; billions of blue algae are spent each year in the treatment of the stannum-free Taihu lake, and millions of tons of blue algae are salvaged; in order to develop and utilize blue algae as a resource to achieve the purposes of changing waste into valuable and realizing environmental management by an economic means, scientific workers in various countries around the world make active efforts; the existing blue algae utilization technology comprises the steps of fermenting blue algae mud to prepare biogas for power generation, preparing the blue algae mud to prepare organic fertilizer to meet the requirements of modern agriculture, preparing blue algae into algae powder with the water content of less than 10 percent and the protein content of more than 30 percent for processing and producing biological plastics, directly burning the blue algae to generate power and the like; however, the research on the aspect of processing and producing the rodenticide by taking the cyanobacterial toxin as the active ingredient has not been reported at home and abroad.

The specific area of the blue algae contains blue algae toxins, the blue algae toxins are various and can be divided into hepatotoxins and neurotoxins through hazard modes, the hepatotoxins and the neurotoxins are known toxins which can invade liver and nerves, some toxins also have stimulation on skin, after livestock and wild animals drink water containing the blue algae toxins, symptoms such as diarrhea, hypodynamia, anorexia, vomiting, somnolence, increase of oral and ophthalmic secretion and the like can appear, even death can occur, pathological changes comprise liver swelling, hyperemia or necrosis, enteritis bleeding, pulmonary edema and the like, the blue algae toxins in fresh water bodies become global environmental problems, and the blue algae toxin poisoning events frequently occur all over the world.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome and supplement the defects in the prior art and provide a biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects and a preparation method thereof.

Tripterygium wilfordii hook.f., a toxic plant recorded in a traditional Chinese medicinal material and Chinese plant map database, and the whole plant is toxic, has the strongest toxicity of tender shoots and leaves, has the smallest root bark, has the smallest xylem and contains various bioactive components. 7 young leaves are sufficient to kill one adult; honey brewed from flowers of tripterygium wilfordii is also extremely toxic, and the toxicity is enough to poison people taking tripterygium wilfordii honey; killing mouse by thunder god vine in folk; because of the complex and various components, the tripterygium wilfordii has the acute toxicity function equivalent to an acute rodenticide, the anticoagulant function equivalent to the strength of more than medium of the anticoagulant rodenticide and the strong antifertility function equivalent to a sterilant, is developed and utilized as a botanical rodenticide biopesticide, has rare advantages, can increase and decrease the addition amount of the tripterygium wilfordii according to different application requirements as appropriate, or can be added with different tripterygium wilfordii extracts, alkaloids, diterpenes and the like, and can realize the novel multifunctional powerful rodenticide which mainly has the toxicity function, the anticoagulant function or the sterility function and has other functions.

The invention enhances the multiple toxicity of the cyanobacteria toxin and the multiple toxicity of the tripterygium wilfordii synergistically, can form the rodenticide which has the advantages of safety comparable to that of a chemical rodenticide, no environmental pollution due to the fact that the rodenticide belongs to pure natural biological preparations such as algae and plants, difficulty in causing drug resistance, no secondary poisoning phenomenon, easiness in natural degradation and the like, and simultaneously opens up a new way for the development and utilization of cyanobacteria resources.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects, wherein: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of cyanobacteria mud and 15-25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder.

Preferably, the biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects is one in which: the preparation method of the cyanobacteria mud comprises the following steps: the blue algae is fished and dehydrated to be paste with the water content of 80-85%, and then the paste is dried to obtain the blue algae mud.

Preferably, the biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects is one in which: the radix Tripterygii Wilfordii micropowder is prepared by pulverizing one or more of radix Tripterygii Wilfordii root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit.

Preferably, the biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects is one in which: the biological rodenticide also comprises 15-45 parts by weight of rat luring feed.

Preferably, the biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects is one in which: the mouse-luring feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0-25 parts of corn flour, 0-20 parts of bran or flour, 0-20 parts of cake and 0-10 parts of grease.

Preferably, the biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects is one in which: the cake dregs are peanut cake dregs or sesame cake dregs.

Preferably, the biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects is one in which: the oil is animal oil or vegetable oil.

A method for preparing a biological rodenticide having multiple deratization effects, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

1) preparing tripterygium wilfordii micro powder: drying the tripterygium wilfordii to the moisture content of below 13%, and then grinding the tripterygium wilfordii at the temperature of 10-35 ℃ by a physical cell grade to obtain tripterygium wilfordii micro powder with the particle size of 100-300 meshes;

2) preparing a mouse luring feed: taking 0-25 parts of corn flour, 0-20 parts of bran or flour, 0-20 parts of peanut cake meal or sesame cake meal and 0-10 parts of animal oil or vegetable oil, and putting the components in a mixer to be rotated, stirred and uniformly mixed to prepare a mouse trapping feed for later use;

3) premixing: adding the tripterygium wilfordii micro powder and the mouse-luring feed into a grinder according to the ratio of 1:1, and uniformly grinding to obtain a mixture for later use;

4) mixing: pouring the mixture and the rest of the mouse trapping feed into a mixer, adding 40-60 parts of blue algae mud, and stirring and uniformly mixing;

5) and (3) granulating: and (4) feeding the uniformly stirred mixture obtained in the step 4) into a granulator to prepare granules to obtain the product.

Preferably, the preparation method of the biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects comprises the following steps: step 5) drying is further included after granulation, and the drying step specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) drying the particles in an oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-3 hours, cooling and packaging.

The invention has the advantages that:

(1) the cyanobacteria mud has a feeding attraction effect on rats, the cyanobacteria has strong natural fishy smell, rats like to eat the fishy smell, and the palatability to harmful rats is greatly improved.

(2) The invention discovers the bonding effect of the cyanobacteria mud on the particles for the first time, the particles formed by the cyanobacteria mud serving as the bonding agent are firm and have good viscosity, and the cyanobacteria mud is used for replacing the chemical bonding agent, thereby not only reducing the production cost, but also preventing the foreign flavor caused by the addition of the chemical bonding agent.

(3) The blue algae mud contains toxic components, namely the blue algae toxin and the tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, and has obvious synergistic effect; the prepared rodenticide has antifertility action on male mice, has remarkable antifertility action on female mice, and has poisoning and anticoagulation actions on various harmful mice.

(4) The rodenticide of the invention is prepared from pure natural raw materials, does not pollute the environment, is not easy to cause drug resistance, does not generate secondary poisoning phenomenon, is easy to naturally degrade, and belongs to a green safe biological rodenticide.

(5) The blue algae mud used in the invention belongs to waste utilization, changes waste into valuable, has low price, large quantity and good effect, can greatly reduce the production cost of the rodenticide, and simultaneously greatly reduces the use of grains.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.

Example 1:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 49.7 parts of blue algae mud, 19.9 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of peanut cake and 0.4 part of vegetable oil.

A preparation method of a biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects comprises the following steps:

1) preparing tripterygium wilfordii micro powder: drying the root and stem of Tripterygium wilfordii to water content below 13%, and physically grinding at 10-35 deg.C to obtain Tripterygium wilfordii micropowder with particle size of 300 meshes;

2) preparing a mouse luring feed: 1kg of corn flour, 1kg of peanut cake and 0.05kg of vegetable oil are put into a mixer to be rotated, stirred and mixed uniformly to prepare mouse-luring feed for later use;

3) premixing: weighing 2kg of prepared tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, putting the tripterygium wilfordii micro powder into a grinder, adding 2kg of mouse trapping feed, grinding and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;

4) mixing: pouring the premix and the rest of the mouse trapping feed into a mixer, adding 5kg of cyanobacteria mud, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;

5) and (3) granulating: feeding the mixture into a granulator to prepare granules; drying the prepared granules in a baking oven at 80 ℃ for 1 hour, cooling, sealing in lightproof aluminum-plastic bags with net content of 100g per bag, boxing 10 bags per bag, boxing and warehousing.

Example 2:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of bran and 10 parts of sesame cake meal.

1) preparing tripterygium wilfordii micro powder: air drying the whole plant (containing root, stem, leaf, flower and fruit) of radix Tripterygii Wilfordii until the water content is below 13%, and physically grinding at 10-35 deg.C to obtain radix Tripterygii Wilfordii micropowder with particle size of 100 mesh;

2) preparing a mouse luring feed: putting 100kg of corn flour, 50kg of bran and 100kg of sesame cake meal powder into a mixer, and uniformly stirring and mixing to prepare a mouse-luring feed for later use;

3) premixing: weighing 150kg of prepared tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, putting the tripterygium wilfordii micro powder into a grinder, adding 150kg of mouse trapping feed, grinding and uniformly mixing to obtain a premix;

4) mixing: pouring the premix and the rest of the mouse-luring feed into a mixer, adding 600kg of blue algae mud, and stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;

5) and (3) granulating: feeding the mixture into a granulator to prepare granules; drying the prepared granules in a baking oven at 60 ℃ for 3 hours, cooling, sealing in lightproof aluminum-plastic bags with net content of 100g per bag, boxing 10 bags per bag, boxing and warehousing.

Example 3:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 15 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of bran and 10 parts of peanut cake meal.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 4:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 20 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of bran and 10 parts of sesame cake meal.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 5:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 20 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 15 parts of bran and 0.5 part of vegetable oil.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 6:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 20 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of flour, 5 parts of peanut cake and 0.5 part of animal fat.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 7:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 10 parts of flour and 5 parts of sesame cake meal.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 8:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 20 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 15 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of peanut cake and 5 parts of animal fat.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 9:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 25 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of bran, 5 parts of peanut cake and 5 parts of animal fat.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 10:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 5 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of flour and 10 parts of vegetable oil.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 11:

the rodenticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55 parts of cyanobacteria mud, 15 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, 10 parts of corn flour, 20 parts of sesame cake meal and 10 parts of animal fat.

The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.

Example 12: evaluation of safety

The biological rodenticide having multiple deratization effects obtained in example 1 was subjected to safety evaluation, and the evaluation results were:

birds: the median lethal dose LD50 of the quail is more than 5000 mg/kg; half lethal dose LD50 of >8000mg/kg for chicken

Rabbit: skin irritation, i.e., eye irritation test, is non-irritating.

Example 13: evaluation of drug efficacy

The biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects obtained in example 1 is used as poison bait, the rodenticide obtained according to the method described in patent ZL 200610038317X is used as contrast, particles processed by the same process are used as normal bait, and the SD rat killing effect is measured according to the following method according to the rat killing agent control domestic rat efficacy test method and evaluation for registration of agricultural chemicals according to agricultural standards NY/T1152 and 2006 of the people's republic of China:

1) method of administration

Selecting 20 SD rats with the weight range of 210-.

The test is provided with a poison bait control, 20 SD rats with the same weight range are selected, the male and female rats are half-in-half, the feeding conditions are the same as those of the test group, and the rodenticide obtained according to the method disclosed by the patent ZL 200610038317X is added as the control poison bait.

A blank control is set in the test, 10 SD rats with the same weight range are selected, the male and female rats are half-half the weight range, the feeding conditions are the same as those of the test group, and only normal baits are put in the SD rats.

2) Period of administration

The administration period is 7 days, the bait consumption is recorded regularly every day, the position of a bait box is exchanged, meanwhile, the bait is replaced, and after 7 days, the poison bait is removed, and the normal feeding is recovered.

3) Observation period

The observation period was 18 days, and the death of SD rats was observed daily, and the death time was recorded, and the feeding factor and the mortality were calculated.

The resulting baits, control baits and normal bait consumption are shown in Table 1, and the death states are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 1 Poison baits administered during 7 days and Normal bait consumption

TABLE 2 death of SD rats after dosing

As can be seen from Table 1, the average feeding coefficient of the biological rodenticide to the bait was 0.544, which is greater than 0.445 of the control bait, in the administration period of the rats, indicating that the palatability of the biological rodenticide was better than that of the rodenticide obtained according to the method described in patent ZL 200610038317X.

As can be seen from the poisoning condition shown in Table 2, the rats fed with the biological rodenticide had dead rats from day 7 to day 16, the death rate of SD rats reached 100%, and the average death time was 11 days (7-16 days), while none of the control groups died, and the killing effect was good.

In contrast, rats fed with the rodenticide obtained according to patent ZL 200610038317X experienced death from day 9 and had only 75% mortality in SD rats by day 18.

The result shows that the rodenticide added with the cyanobacteria mud has obviously enhanced killing effect compared with the rodenticide without the cyanobacteria mud.

Example 14:

after necropsy examination is carried out on the dead test mouse in example 13, the dead test mouse has pathological changes of liver and spleen, bleeding phenomena of thoracic cavity, lower jaw, upper and lower digestive tracts, subcutaneous four limbs and the like, the ovary and the uterus of a female test mouse are generally damaged, follicle cells are degenerated, necroses, inflammatory cell infiltration, uterine inflammatory edema and a large amount of leucocytes are exuded, and pathological changes of bleeding and edema swelling generally occur on the testis of a male test mouse, so that the biological rodenticide has multiple deratization effects of poisoning, anticoagulation, antifertility and the like.

The invention discovers the food calling effect of the cyanobacteria mud on the rats for the first time. The rats like fishy smell, the blue algae has strong natural fishy smell, and the palatability to harmful rats is greatly improved; the invention discovers the bonding effect of the cyanobacteria mud on the particles for the first time. The formed particles are firm and have good viscosity, and the blue algae mud is used for replacing a chemical binder, so that the production cost is reduced, and foreign flavor caused by the addition of the chemical binder is prevented; the invention discovers for the first time that toxic components, cyanobacteria toxin, contained in the cyanobacteria mud are combined with the tripterygium wilfordii micro powder, so that the cyanobacteria toxin has obvious synergistic effect, and compared with the patent ZL 200610038317X, the cyanobacteria toxin disclosed by the invention not only has an antifertility effect on male mice, but also has an obvious antifertility effect on female mice, and also has a poisoning effect and an anticoagulation effect on various harmful mice; the invention is made of pure natural raw materials, does not pollute the environment, is not easy to cause drug resistance, does not generate secondary poisoning phenomenon and is easy to naturally degrade, belonging to a green safe biological rodenticide; the blue algae mud used in the invention belongs to waste utilization, changes waste into valuable, has low price, large quantity and good effect, can greatly reduce the production cost of the rodenticide, and simultaneously greatly reduces the use of grains.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biological rodenticide with multiple deratization effects is characterized in that: the composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of cyanobacteria mud and 15-25 parts of tripterygium wilfordii micro powder.

2. The biorodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the cyanobacteria mud comprises the following steps: the blue algae is fished and dehydrated to be paste with the water content of 80-85%, and then the paste is dried to obtain the blue algae mud.

3. The biorodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to claim 1, wherein: the radix Tripterygii Wilfordii micropowder is prepared by pulverizing one or more of radix Tripterygii Wilfordii root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit.

4. The biorodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to claim 1, wherein: the biological rodenticide also comprises 15-45 parts by weight of rat luring feed.

5. The biorodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to claim 4, wherein: the mouse-luring feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0-25 parts of corn flour, 0-20 parts of bran or flour, 0-20 parts of cake and 0-10 parts of grease.

6. The biorodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to claim 5, wherein: the cake dregs are peanut cake dregs or sesame cake dregs.

7. The biorodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to claim 5, wherein: the oil is animal oil or vegetable oil.

8. A method for preparing a biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises: the method comprises the following steps:

9. The method for preparing a biological rodenticide having multiple rodenticidal effects according to claim 8, wherein: step 5) drying is further included after granulation, and the drying step specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) drying the particles in an oven at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 1-3 hours, cooling and packaging.