CN111587627A - Method for improving cross-grade texture of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention aims to solve the problem that the improvement research on the texture structure of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil is less in the prior art, provides a method for improving the cross-grade texture of the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The method carries out texture transformation on the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil by using the iron tailings, reasonably adjusts the content of particles and sands in physical sticky grains and physical sands in the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil, and improves the content of non-capillary pores to the alkalized and strongly alkalized medium-viscosity soil in the Kaqingsiki texture standard in an override manner, thereby reducing the volume weight of the soil, increasing the content of non-capillary pores and improving the salt washing and discharging effects. Meanwhile, the iron tailings are acidified and modified to construct an acidified heavy medium system, the pH of the alkalized rice soil is controlled by the acidified iron tailings, the electronegativity of colloid particles is neutralized, the particles are rapidly destabilized through the actions of collision, surface adsorption, van der Waals attraction, synergistic sedimentation and the like, the soaking unit weight of the alkalized rice soil is improved, and the phenomenon of slurry formation of the alkalized rice soil is eliminated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving the cross-grade texture of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a general term for saline soil and alkaline earth formed after easily soluble salt in soil or underground water is accumulated on the surface layer of the soil and various salinized and alkalized soils. Wherein, the saline soil is soil which contains a large amount of soluble salts and can not lead most plants to grow, and the content of the salts is generally more than 0.6 percent; alkaline earth is strongly alkaline soil that refers to a percentage of replacement sodium ion cations (ESP) of more than 20%. In agricultural production, too high soil salinity can cause dehydration of plant cells and physiological drought, while too high alkalinity can cause soil dispersion, reduction of the number of water-stable aggregates, and toxicity to plant cells, resulting in physiological damage.
In recent research, the research and development of novel saline-alkali soil improving materials mainly from solid wastes of industrial and mining enterprises is becoming a hot spot. For example, the related patents include a method and an improver for improving saline-alkali soil of CN107969184A, a saline-alkali soil improver for preventing layering of CN 107955620A, a method for improving saline-alkali soil of CN 107926189A, a method for improving powdery saline-alkali soil of CN 108076715A, and a method for improving powdery loam saline-alkali soil of CN 107787635A, and a method for improving sandy loam saline-alkali soil of CN 107912098A.
The improvement technology mainly aims at the saline-alkali soil for dry farming. The specific contents of the sand grains (the grain size range is more than or equal to 0.05mm and less than 2mm), the powder grains (the grain size range is more than or equal to 0.002mm and less than 0.05mm) and the clay grains (the grain size range is less than 0.002mm) are adjusted to change the clay, sandy or powdery saline-alkali soil into the loamy saline-alkali soil. Because the saline-alkali soil of the dry farmland is in the aeration zone, the reasonable texture structure is more favorable for the reasonable distribution of water and gas, and the good effects of salt washing, salt discharge, water retention and fertilizer retention can be realized.
However, in some areas such as the west tender plain of Jilin province, a large amount of alkaline soil (with the alkalinity of 5-20%) is distributed in the belly, and in recent years, the alkaline soil is improved by adopting a rice planting mode, and some of the alkaline soil is light-viscosity alkaline rice soil (the alkalinity is 5-20%, and the physical viscosity is 40-50% of the rice soil). For the alkalized rice soil in a flooded state, particularly the slightly viscous alkalized rice soil is relatively viscous and heavy in texture and low in soil leakage rate, physical sticky particles, fine particles and other substances in the rice soil move downwards under the action of gravity in the pulping process to form a plough bottom layer which is more viscous and heavy than dry farming soil, and the leakage rate is slower. After the water in the rice field is removed, the salt accumulation phenomenon of the saline-alkali soil is strong. And for saline-alkali soil, especially for alkaline soil or alkaline earth, the physical clay content in the soil with the same texture type is greatly different from that of neutral or meta-acid (alkaline) soil, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are poor, and the transformation process is more complicated than that of dry-farming saline-alkali soil. Therefore, further research on an effective and durable method for improving the soil quality of slightly viscous alkalized rice is required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the improvement research on the texture structure of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil is less in the prior art, and provides a method for improving the override texture of the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil. The method mainly uses physical sand grains in iron tailing sand to transform the texture of the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil, reasonably adjusts the content of physical sticky grains (less than 0.01mm) in the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil, particles (the particle size is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 0.05mm) in the physical sand grains (0.01-1 mm) and sand grains (the particle size is more than or equal to 0.05mm and less than 1mm) in the physical sand grains, and transforms the physical sticky grains into the alkalized and strongly alkalized medium loam soil in the Kaqingsi base texture standard in an over-grade manner, so that the volume weight of the soil is reduced, the content of non-capillary pores is increased, and the salt washing and discharging effects are. Meanwhile, the iron tailings are acidified and modified to construct an acidified heavy medium system, the pH of the alkalized rice soil is controlled by the acidified iron tailings, the electronegativity of colloid particles is neutralized, the particles are rapidly destabilized through the actions of collision, surface adsorption, van der Waals attraction, synergistic sedimentation and the like, the soaking unit weight of the alkalized rice soil is improved, and the phenomenon of slurry formation of the alkalized rice soil is eliminated.
The technical scheme of the invention is a method for improving the override texture of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil, which comprises the following steps:
1) performing mechanical composition analysis on light-viscous alkalized rice soil to be improved, determining specific mass contents of physical sticky grains (the grain size is less than 0.01mm) and physical sand grains (the grain size is not less than 0.01mm and is less than 1mm) in soil texture, then performing mechanical composition analysis on soil physical sand grain parts, determining specific mass contents of particles (the grain size is not less than 0.01mm and is less than 0.05mm) and sand grains (the grain size is not less than 0.05mm and is less than 1mm), setting the mass contents of the particles and the sand grains in the soil physical sticky grains and the physical sand grains as x, y and z respectively, setting x + y + z as 1, and simultaneously determining the volume weight of the soil, and setting the volume weight as A and the unit: g/cm3；
2) Screening the iron tailings, keeping physical sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 1mm), uniformly mixing the iron tailings physical sand grains with a certain proportion of sulfuric acid solution or hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride solution, standing for culture, and air-drying to obtain acidified iron tailings physical sand grains; then, carrying out mechanical composition analysis on the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings, determining the specific mass contents of the particles (the particle size is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 0.05mm) and the sand grains (the particle size is more than or equal to 0.05mm and less than 1mm) in the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings, and setting the mass contents as a and b, wherein a + b is 1;
adding physical sand grains of acidified iron tailings into a light-viscosity alkalized rice soil plough layer with the thickness of h cm, wherein the addition amount is m, and the addition amount unit is as follows: t/hm2；
The relationship between the above parameters is:
the addition amount m simultaneously meets the following conditions, namely the mass content of physical sticky grains (the grain diameter is less than 0.01mm) in the improved paddy soil is controlled to be 25-30%, the mass content of particles in physical sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 0.05mm) is controlled to be 35-50%, the mass content of sand grains in physical sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.05mm and less than 1mm) is controlled to be 25-35%, and the mass content of the physical sand grains is controlled to be 70-:
3) uniformly mixing the acidified iron tailings meeting the conditions in the step 2) with the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil to be improved with the thickness of h cm, leveling, irrigating and washing salt, and then performing conventional rice planting operation on the improved soil plough layer.
Further, in the above improved method, in the step 2), the time for the static culture is 36-48 h.
Further, in the above improved method, in the step 2), the pH of the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings is controlled to be 2-3.
Further, in the above improved method, the range of h is: h is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20.
Further, the improved method controls the immersion volume weight of the improved soil plough layer to be 0.5-0.6g/cm3In the meantime.
Further, in the improved method, the heavy metal components of the iron tailings meet the toxic element limit standard of the major element fertilizer of Ministry of agriculture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention has simple process, easy implementation, no pollution, wide raw material source, low price and low production cost.
2. The improvement effect on the slightly viscous alkalized rice soil is obvious. The physical sticky grains in the light sticky alkalized rice soil are usually between 40 and 50 percent (the texture standard is referred to the Chongsiji texture standard), when the light sticky rice soil is transformed into the medium sticky rice soil in a grade-overranging way, if the addition amount of the iron tailings is too much, the soil body is dispersed, the soil body structure is difficult to form, and the seedling floating phenomenon is obvious during the seedling transplanting. Therefore, according to actual conditions, the range of physical sticky grains and physical sand grains in the modified paddy soil and the range of particles and sand grains in the physical sand grains are reduced compared with the Chongqing matrix ground standard, so that the problem that the modified saline-alkali soil is difficult to form a soil body structure is solved.
3. Because the iron tailing sand is the production waste of the iron mine, the iron tailing sand is improved, so that the iron tailing sand is recycled, and the improvement cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
In the following examples, the lightly-viscous alkalized rice soil test field is located in Zhen 361699, white city of Jilin province.
Example 1
A soil sample of a plough layer (0-20 cm) is taken from a light viscous alkalized rice soil area to be improved, the soil sample is air-dried and then the mechanical composition is analyzed (see table 1), and the volume weight of the soil is 1.34g/Gm3. Screening the iron tailings, keeping physical sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 1mm), uniformly mixing the physical sand grains of the iron tailings and a sulfuric acid solution with the mass concentration of 30% according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 soil to water, standing and culturing for 48 hours, and air-drying for later use, wherein the pH value of the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings is measured to be 2.37. Mechanical composition analysis is respectively carried out on the physical sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 1mm) of the iron tailings before and after acidification, the specific contents of the particles (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 0.05mm) and the sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.05mm and less than 1mm) in the physical sand grains are determined, and the specific results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 light-viscous alkalized Rice soil mechanical composition
| Particle size classification | ＜0.01mm | 0.01≤～＜0.05mm | 0.05≤～＜1mm |
| Content (%) | 40.3 | 40.4 | 19.3 |
TABLE 2 mechanical composition of iron tailings
| Particle size classification | 0.01≤～＜0.05mm | ≥0.05mm |
| Content (%) | 53.6 | 46.4 |
TABLE 3 physical Sand mechanical composition of acidified iron tailings
| Particle size classification | 0.01≤～＜0.05mm | ≥0.05mm |
| Content (%) | 53.5 | 46.5 |
Selecting 6 × 5m in the area to be improved2The top width of a water-filling rough channel dam in the land parcel is 0.8m, and the depth of the channel is 0.6 m; the top width of the ridge of the drainage rough ditch is 0.7m, and the ditch depth is 1 m; the width of the bank top is 0.6m, the height is 0.4m, and all the districts are irrigated in a single row. Adding 3000kg of physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings according to the formulas (1), (2), (3) and (4), uniformly stirring with plough layer soil, leveling land (the height difference of land surface is below 3 cm), and setting a control plot 1(30 m)2Without addition of iron tailings), control plot 2(30 m)22100kg of physical grit of non-acidified iron tailings) and control plot 3(30 m)2Adding 3000kg of physical sand grains of non-acidified iron tailings), and then irrigating to soak the field for salt washing, wherein the salt washing is carried out twice in each cell for 48 hours each time. Then irrigating water and soaking the field for 24h, harrowing and transplanting rice seedlings, and carrying out specific planting operation and management on the same field.
The results after modification are shown in tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 4 mechanical composition of the planted soil
TABLE 5 physical and chemical properties of the planted soil and yield
Example 2
Taking a soil sample of a plough layer (0-20 cm) in a light viscous alkalized rice soil area to be improved, wherein the mechanical composition is shown in table 6, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.34g/cm3. Screening the iron tailings, keeping physical sand grains (the grain diameter is not more than 0.01mm and is less than 1mm), uniformly mixing the physical sand grains with a sulfuric acid solution with the mass concentration of 30% according to the mass soil-water ratio of 1: 5, standing and culturing for 48h, and air-drying for later use, wherein the pH value of the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings is measured to be 2.15. The mechanical composition of the physical sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 1mm) of the iron tailings before and after acidification is shown in the table2 and table 7.
TABLE 6 light-viscous alkalized Rice soil mechanical composition
| Particle size classification | ＜0.01mm | 0.01≤～＜0.05mm | 0.05≤～＜1mm |
| Content (%) | 40.4 | 40.5 | 19.1 |
TABLE 7 physical Sand mechanical composition of acidified iron tailings
| Particle size classification | 0.01≤～＜0.05mm | ≥0.05mm |
| Content (%) | 53.7 | 46.3 |
Selecting 6 × 5m in the area to be improved2The soil mass is divided into a plurality of areas,wherein the width of the top of the irrigation capillary channel dam is 0.8m, and the depth of the channel is 0.6 m; the top width of the ridge of the drainage rough ditch is 0.7m, and the ditch depth is 1 m; the width of the bank top is 0.6m, the height is 0.4m, and all the districts are irrigated in a single row. Adding 3300kg of physical sand particles of the acidified iron tailings according to the formulas (1), (2), (3) and (4), uniformly stirring with the plough layer soil, leveling the land (the height difference of the land surface is below 3 cm), and setting a control plot 1(30 m)2Without addition of iron tailings) and control plot 2(30 m)2Adding 3300kg of physical sand grains of non-acidified iron tailings), and then irrigating to soak the field for salt washing, wherein the salt washing is carried out twice in each cell for 48 hours each time. Then irrigating water and soaking the field for 24h, harrowing and transplanting rice seedlings, and carrying out specific planting operation and management on the same field.
The results after modification are shown in tables 8 and 9.
TABLE 8 post-planting soil mechanical composition
TABLE 9 physical and chemical properties of the planted soil and yield
Example 3
Taking a soil sample of a plough layer (0-20 cm) in a light viscous alkalized rice soil area to be improved, wherein the mechanical composition is shown in a table 10, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.34g/em3. Screening the iron tailings, keeping physical sand grains (the grain diameter is more than or equal to 0.01mm and less than 1mm), uniformly mixing the physical sand grains of the iron tailings and a hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride solution with the solid content of 48% according to the mass ratio of 1: 5 soil to water, standing and culturing for 48 hours, and air-drying for later use, wherein the pH value of the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings is measured to be 2.25. The physical sand mechanical composition of the iron tailings before and after acidification is the same as in tables 2 and 11.
TABLE 10 light-viscous alkalized rice soil mechanical composition
| Particle size classification | ＜0.01mm | 0.01≤～＜0.05mm | 0.05≤～＜1mm |
| Content (%) | 40.4 | 40.6 | 19.0 |
TABLE 11 physical Sand mechanical composition of acidified iron tailings
| Particle size classification | 0.01≤～＜0.05mm | ≥0.05mm |
| Content (%) | 53.6 | 46.4 |
Selecting 6 × 5m in the area to be improved2The top width of a water-filling rough channel dam in the land parcel is 0.8m, and the depth of the channel is 0.6 m; the top width of the ridge of the drainage rough ditch is 0.7m, and the ditch depth is 1 m; the width of the bank top is 0.6m, the height is 0.4m, and all the districts are irrigated in a single row. Adding 3600kg of physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings according to the formulas (1), (2), (3) and (4), uniformly stirring with the plough layer soil, leveling the land (the height difference of the land surface is below 3 cm), and simultaneously setting a pairPlot 1(30 m)2Without addition of iron tailings) and control plot 2(30 m)2Adding 3600kg of physical sand grains of the non-acidified iron tailings), and then irrigating water, soaking the field and washing salt for 48 hours each time, and washing salt for two times in each cell. Then irrigating water and soaking the field for 24h, harrowing and transplanting rice seedlings, and carrying out specific planting operation and management on the same field.
The results after modification are shown in tables 12 and 13.
TABLE 12 post-planting soil mechanical composition
TABLE 13 physical and chemical properties of soil after planting and yield
Claims (6)
1. A method for improving the cross-grade texture of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) performing mechanical composition analysis on light viscous alkalized rice soil to be improved, determining specific mass contents of physical sticky grains and physical sand grains in the soil texture, then performing mechanical composition analysis on a soil physical sand grain part, determining specific mass contents of particles and sand grains, setting the mass contents of the particles and the sand grains in the soil physical sticky grains and the physical sand grains as x, y and z respectively, setting x + y + z as 1, determining the soil volume weight, and setting the soil volume weight as A, unit: g/cm3；
2) Screening the iron tailings, reserving physical sand grains, uniformly mixing the iron tailings physical sand grains with a certain proportion of sulfuric acid solution or hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride solution, standing for culture, and air-drying to obtain acidified iron tailings physical sand grains; then, carrying out mechanical composition analysis on the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings, determining the specific mass contents of the particles and the sand grains in the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings, and setting the mass contents as a and b, wherein a + b is 1;
ploughing to a light-viscous alkalized rice soil layer with the thickness of h cm to be improvedAdding physical sand grains of acidified iron tailings, wherein the addition amount is m, and the addition amount unit is as follows: t/hm2；
The addition amount m simultaneously satisfies the following conditions:
3) uniformly mixing the acidified iron tailings meeting the conditions in the step 2) with the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil to be improved with the thickness of h cm, leveling, irrigating and washing salt, and then performing conventional rice planting operation on the improved soil plough layer.
2. The method for improving the skip-graded texture of the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil according to claim 1, wherein the standing culture time in the step 2) is 36-48 h.
3. The method for improving the skip texture of the light-viscous alkalized rice soil according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the pH value of the physical sand grains of the acidified iron tailings is controlled to be between 2 and 3.
4. The method for improving the off-grade texture of lightly viscous alkalized rice soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein h is in the range of: h is more than 0 and less than or equal to 20.
5. The method for improving the graded texture of lightly viscous alkalized rice soil according to claim 1, wherein the method comprisesIn the step 3), controlling the immersion volume weight of the improved soil plough layer to be 0.5-0.6g/cm3In the meantime.
6. The method for improving the off-grade texture of the light-viscosity alkalized rice soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the heavy metal content of the iron tailings meets the toxic element limit standard of the major element fertilizer of agricultural department.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU1768050C (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1992-10-15 | А.И.Стифеев, В.А.Федоров, В.Д.Муха и Д.В.Муха | Method for fixation of iron ore tailings |
| CN105272766A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-01-27 | 北京清迈华清控股(集团)有限公司 | Method for producing novel saline-alkaline restoration fertilizer by utilizing high-silicon iron tailings and product |
| CN107912098A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-17 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil |
-
2020
- 2020-06-17 CN CN202010552163.6A patent/CN111587627A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU1768050C (en) * | 1989-11-15 | 1992-10-15 | А.И.Стифеев, В.А.Федоров, В.Д.Муха и Д.В.Муха | Method for fixation of iron ore tailings |
| CN105272766A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2016-01-27 | 北京清迈华清控股(集团)有限公司 | Method for producing novel saline-alkaline restoration fertilizer by utilizing high-silicon iron tailings and product |
| CN107912098A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-04-17 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of sand sticks the modification method of loamy texture saline-alkali soil |
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Application publication date: 20200828 |