CN111579889A - Device and method for detecting electric field intensity under extra-high voltage direct current transmission line - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting electric field intensity under extra-high voltage direct current transmission line Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for detecting electric field intensity under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line, and belongs to the technical field of electric field intensity detection. The device comprises: the device comprises an insulating support, a graphite plate arranged at the top of the insulating support and a container which is arranged on the graphite plate and is used for containing acid solution or alkali solution; and the bottom of the graphite plate is provided with a grounding wire. The method comprises the steps of placing a container filled with an acid solution or an alkali solution with fixed concentration at a position where the electric field intensity needs to be measured under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line, measuring the pH value of the circle center position of the upper layer of the solution in the container by a colorimetric method, and determining the electric field intensity of a measuring point according to a relation model of the pH value and the electric field intensity E.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric field intensity detection, in particular to a device and a method for detecting electric field intensity under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line.
Background
In recent years, the ultrahigh voltage direct current transmission projects with the highest voltage levels of +/-800 kV and +/-1100 kV in the world are developed independently and built successively in our country, which is of great significance for realizing the optimal allocation of energy resources in our country and even in the world and promoting the sustainable development. In the process of rapid and orderly propulsion of the extra-high voltage direct current transmission network, whether the electric field strength under the corresponding extra-high voltage direct current transmission line exceeds the standard or not is increasingly the focus of public attention.
At present, no time-invariant electric field (electrostatic field) exposure limit at a frequency of 0Hz has been given internationally. In China, based on the principle of people-oriented and sustainable development, on the basis of giving consideration to social, environmental and economic benefits overall, by referring to the standard of IEEE C95.6TM-2002 and the like and the transient electric shock test result caused by electrostatic induction and combining the actual ultra-high voltage direct current transmission project which is already put into operation in China, the national development and improvement committee releases the national power industry standard of +/-800 kV ultra-high voltage direct current line electromagnetic environment parameter limit (DL/T1088 + 2008) in 11 months in 2008 as the temporary standard for the electromagnetic environment evaluation of the national direct current transmission project. The standard stipulates that the synthetic field strength limit value of the ground of a civil house is 25kV/m when a line is close to the civil house, 80% of measured values cannot exceed 15kV/m, and the synthetic field strength limit value of the line crossing regions such as farmlands, roads and the like which are easy to reach is 30 kV/m.
For detecting the electric field intensity under the ultra-high voltage dc transmission line, field intensity measuring instruments are generally adopted, such as a MB portable field intensity measuring instrument disclosed in the patent publication No. CN108375699A, a field intensity measuring instrument disclosed in the patent publication No. CN202837412U, and the like, and field mill type dc synthesized field intensity measuring instruments are mostly applied at the present stage. The working principle of the instrument is as follows: when the instrument is set in a uniform electric field E and the rotary shutter rotates at a constant speed, the area of the induction electrode exposed to the electric field E changes periodically. When the sensing electrode is exposed to an electric field, charges are accumulated on the sensing electrode, and when the sensing electrode is shielded by the rotary shutter, the charges on the sensing electrode are scattered in the ground. The accumulation and the dispersion of the charges are carried out through the resistor R, so that the electric field intensity of the position where the resistor R is located can be measured by measuring the voltage drop of the resistor R. Such instruments are expensive and require professional knowledge from the user of the instrument, making them difficult to use by the public. Meanwhile, according to the method for measuring the combined field intensity and ion current density of the direct current converter station and the line (DL/T1089-2008), a field mill type direct current combined field intensity measuring instrument is required to use a metal plate of 1m multiplied by 1m as a grounding plate, and the requirement causes the instrument to be extremely inconvenient to carry. At present, an electric field intensity detection device under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line, which is low in price and convenient for the public to use, is lacked in the market.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for detecting the electric field strength under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line, wherein the device is low in cost, convenient to carry and simple to operate.
In order to achieve the above object, in a first aspect, the present invention provides an apparatus for detecting electric field strength under an extra-high voltage dc transmission line, comprising: the device comprises an insulating support, a graphite plate arranged at the top of the insulating support and a container which is arranged on the graphite plate and is used for containing acid solution or alkali solution; and the bottom of the graphite plate is provided with a grounding wire.
In the technical scheme, the container filled with the acid solution or the alkali solution with fixed concentration is placed at the position of the extra-high voltage direct current transmission line where the electric field intensity needs to be measured, the pH value of the circle center position of the upper layer of the solution in the container is measured by a colorimetric method, and the electric field intensity at the measuring point can be determined according to a relation model of the pH value and the electric field intensity E.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the insulating support is a telescopic tripod. The height of the container can be conveniently adjusted.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the graphite plate is square and has an area of 9cm2～16cm2。
Optionally, in one embodiment, the portion of the grounding conductor exposed above the ground surface is wrapped with a layer of insulating material, and the bare conductor with the bottom end of 0.2-0.5 m can be vertically inserted into the ground.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the container has a height of 5.5cm to 6cm, a diameter D of the bottom surface of 0.2 to 0.5 times of the height of the container, and is provided with a special sealing cover; the upper surface of the solution in the container is 0.5 cm-1 cm lower than the top surface of the container.
Optionally, in one embodiment, the container and the sealing cover arranged on the top of the container are both made of insulating and corrosion-resistant materials. The container seal cap (i.e., the container is open directly above) needs to be opened during testing to reduce shielding from electric fields.
Optionally, in an embodiment, the pH of the acid solution is between 0 and 1.9, and the pH of the alkali solution is between 12.1 and 14.
In a second aspect, the method for detecting the electric field strength under the extra-high voltage direct current transmission line provided by the invention is realized based on the device, and comprises the following steps:
1) respectively placing a container filled with an acid solution with the pH value of 0-1.9 and a container filled with an alkali solution with the pH value of 12.1-14 in a uniform electric field with known strength, opening a sealing cover, and standing for 3-8 s;
2) inserting a glass rod with 0.1cm scale mark at the circle center of the upper layer of the solution in the container into the position 0.1cm below the liquid level, dipping the solution, dripping the solution on test paper, and observing the color of the test paper after the change is stable so as to determine the pH value of the solution at the position under the electric field intensity;
3) measuring the pH value of the circle center position of the upper layer of the solution in the container in the electric fields with different intensities, and establishing a relation model of the pH value and the electric field intensity E (a standard relation curve with the pH value as an abscissa and the electric field intensity E as an ordinate or a quick look-up table of the relation between the pH value and the electric field intensity E);
4) placing the device under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line, enabling the container to be located at the position of the electric field intensity to be measured, opening a sealing cover of the container, standing for 3-8 s, and repeating the step 2);
5) and (3) corresponding the pH value obtained in the step 4) to the relation model obtained in the step 3) to obtain the electric field strength value of the position to be measured.
The relational model in the step 3) comprises a relational model of the pH value of the acid solution and the electric field intensity E and a relational model of the pH value of the alkali solution and the electric field intensity E.
In the step 4), if the measured pH value is larger than the initial pH value of the solution, selecting a container filled with an alkali solution to detect the electric field intensity of a point to be measured, meanwhile, judging that the electric field intensity value of the point to be measured is positive, and determining the electric field intensity value of the position to be measured by using a relation model of the pH value of the alkali solution and the electric field intensity E; if the measured pH value is smaller than the initial pH value of the solution, selecting a container filled with the acid solution to detect the electric field intensity at the measuring point, judging that the electric field intensity value at the measuring point is negative, and determining the electric field intensity value of the position to be measured by using a relation model of the pH value of the acid solution and the electric field intensity E.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the device for detecting the electric field intensity under the extra-high voltage direct current transmission line is convenient to carry and low in cost, does not require professional knowledge of an instrument user when being used, and is easy to popularize and use in the public.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of ion migration in an acidic or basic solution in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the pH values of the acid solution and the alkali solution at the center of a circle of 0.1cm below the liquid level in the container and the electric field intensity E according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for detecting electric field strength under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line in the embodiment of the invention.
The figures are numbered: 1. a container; 2. a graphite plate; 3. an insulating support; 4. a ground lead; 5. an insulating material.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The use of the word "comprise" or "comprises", and the like, in the context of this application, is intended to mean that the elements or items listed before that word, in addition to those listed after that word, do not exclude other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used merely to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute position of the object being described is changed, the relative positional relationships may also be changed accordingly.
Examples
In the embodiment, the electric field intensity at the position of the top end of the head when a person stands is detected in a farmland area spanned by the +/-800 kV extra-high voltage direct current transmission line.
Referring to fig. 3, the apparatus for detecting electric field strength under an extra-high voltage dc transmission line of the present embodiment includes: the container 1, the graphite plate 2, the insulating support 3, the grounding wire 4 and the insulating material 5. Wherein the graphite plate is square and has an area of 16cm2(ii) a Insulating support 3 is made and telescopic tripod for rubber, and 2 bottom fixed connection wraps up there is one deck rubber and folding copper conductor as earth conductor 4 in the graphite cake, and 0.2m in 4 bottom ends of earth conductor is bare conductor (do not have rubber parcel).
Preparing 2 cylindrical plastic containers 1 with the height of 6cm and the diameter of the bottom surface of 3cm, wherein one container is filled with 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, the other container is filled with 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, the upper surfaces of the solutions are lower than the top surface of the cylindrical container by 1cm, and each container 1 is provided with a special plastic sealing cover.
The steps of measuring the electric field intensity by using the device are as follows:
s100, respectively placing a container filled with 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and a container filled with 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide solution in a uniform electric field with known strength, opening a sealing cover, and standing for 3-8S;
s200, inserting a glass rod with a 0.1cm scale mark into the container at a position 0.1cm below the liquid level (the position of the center of the upper layer of the solution) to dip the solution, dripping the solution on test paper, and observing the color of the test paper after the change is stable so as to determine the pH value of the solution under the electric field intensity;
s300, measuring the pH value of the circle center position of the upper layer of the solution in the container in the electric fields with different intensities, and respectively establishing a quick look-up table of the relationship between the pH value of the 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and the pH value of the 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and the electric field intensity E;
s400, a device for detecting the electric field intensity is built at a measuring point. The tripod is supported on the ground, and the height of the tripod is adjusted. According to the report on the condition of nutrition and chronic disease of Chinese residents published in 2015, the average height of adult men is 167.1cm, the height of the container is 6cm, and therefore the height of the tripod is adjusted to be about 161cm (167.1-6) in the example. Then, the graphite plate is placed on a tripod with the adjusted height, and after a small amount of clear water is sprayed to wet the ground, the bare conductor is vertically inserted into the ground. Positioning a container filled with 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid solution at the position of the electric field intensity to be measured, opening a sealing cover, standing for 3-8S, and repeating the step S200;
s500, if the measured pH value is smaller than the initial pH value of the solution, judging that the electric field intensity value at the measuring point is negative, and determining the electric field intensity value of the position to be measured by using a quick look-up table of the relationship between the pH value of the 0.05mol/L hydrochloric acid solution and the electric field intensity E; if the measured pH value is larger than the initial pH value of the solution, the electric field intensity of the point to be measured is detected by using a container filled with 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, meanwhile, the electric field intensity value of the point to be measured can be judged to be positive, and the electric field intensity value of the position to be measured is determined by using a quick look-up table of the relationship between the pH value of the 0.05mol/L sodium hydroxide solution and the electric field intensity E;
s600, the electromagnetic environment parameter limit value of the +/-800 kV extra-high voltage direct current line (DL/T1088 + 2008) specifies that the synthetic field strength limit value of the line crossing the areas easily reached by the personnel such as farmlands, roads and the like is 30 kV/m. And comparing the measured result with 30kV/m to judge whether the electric field strength under the line exceeds the standard or not.
The measurement principle of this embodiment is as follows: the anions and cations in the strong acid or strong base solution migrate under the action of the external electric field E, referring to FIG. 1, the positive and negative ions move in opposite directions to generate an additional electric field opposite to the direction of the external electric field to counteract the external electric field, after the electrostatic equilibrium state is reached, the electric field intensity in the solution is zero everywhere, at this time, H in the solution is zero+Or OH-The pH value of the upper layer or the lower layer of the solution is obviously changed when the electric field intensity is larger. The colorimetric method is convenient for measuring the pH value of the upper layer of the solution, so that the container at the measuring point can be measuredAnd determining the electric field intensity at the measuring point by combining the pH value at the circle center position of the upper layer of the medium solution and the established pH-E standard relation curve or pH-E size relation quick look-up table at the circle center position of the upper layer of the solution in the container.
Ions which can move freely exist in the strong acid or strong alkali solution and are a conductive medium, and the electric field intensity in the solution is 0 everywhere after electrostatic equilibrium. A cylindrical closed curved surface S is arranged and is formed by enclosing an upper surface, a lower surface and a side surface, wherein the upper surface is positioned at the top surface of the cylindrical container, the lower surface is positioned at a position which is 0.1cm below the liquid level in the cylindrical container, and the side surface is positioned at the side wall in the cylindrical container.
Assuming that the electric displacement vector of each point on the closed curved surface S is D, according to the gaussian theorem, the flux of the electric displacement vector D on the closed curved surface should be equal to the net charge amount enclosed by the closed curved surface, that is:
∮SDdS＝∑Sqi(1)
wherein phiSDdS shows the electric flux through the closed curve, ∑SqiRepresenting the amount of net charge (algebraic sum of positive and negative free charges) in the curve.
Because under the special high voltage direct current transmission line nearly ground department electric field intensity is mainly vertical component (the horizontal component is very little and can be ignored promptly), it is perpendicular with cylindrical closed curved surface S' S upper surface and lower surface to establish the electric field direction, and is parallel with its side, then the electric flux through its side is 0, and the electric flux through its upper surface and lower surface is:
∮SDdS＝1E1Φ+2E2Φ (2)
wherein the content of the first and second substances,1represents a dielectric constant in air (1＝1)，E1Representing the electric field strength at the upper surface (i.e. the point of measurement) of the toric surface S,2denotes a dielectric constant (i.e., a dielectric constant of an acid solution or an alkali solution) at the lower surface of the closed curved surface S, E2Indicates the electric field intensity at the lower surface of the closed curved surface S (after electrostatic equilibrium E)20), Φ represents the bottom area of the container.
The net charge enclosed by the closed curve S is:
∑sqi＝c1Φh1NAq (3)
wherein h is1Indicating the height (e.g. h) of the solution within the closed curve S1＝0.1cm)，c1Is undetermined constant and is numerically equal to the molar concentration of net charge in the closed curved surface S, namely H in the solution surrounded by the closed curved surface S+Molar concentration and corresponding acid radical ion (such as Cl)-) Difference in molar concentration or OH-Molar concentration and corresponding metal ion (such as Na)+) Difference in molar concentration, NARepresenting the Afugardro constant (N)A＝6.02×1023) Q represents a hydrogen atom+Or OH-The amount of charge (q 1.6 × 10)-19C)。
Combining equations (1) (2) (3), and substituting known data, we get:
c is removed from the solution surrounded by a closed curved surface S1Φh1NAA H+Or OH-Other than H+Or OH-Uniformly distributed, total H in solution in the closed curved surface+Or OH-The concentration c is:
wherein, c0Represents H in a solution of a strong acid or a strong base+Or OH-And h represents the total solution height in the vessel (e.g., h ═ 5 cm).
Considering that the electric field intensity near the ground under the extra-high voltage direct current transmission line can not exceed 50kV/m, the total solution height in the container is 5cm, and the total H in the container+Or OH-The number must be greater than H in the solution enclosed by the closed curve S+Or OH-Number, therefore c0h＞ch1. When E is1When the voltage is 50kV/m, c is obtained by calculation according to the formula (4)1Further according to formula (5) and inequality c0h＞ch1And calculating to obtain H in strong acid or strong base solution+Or OH-Initial concentration c0The pH value of the strong acid solution is 0-1.9, and the pH value of the strong alkali solution is 12.1-14.
It is known that H in a solution of strong acid or strong base surrounded by a closed curve S+Or OH-If the molar concentration is c, the pH of the strong acid solution is-logc, and the pH of the strong base solution is 14+ logc, and c obtained according to the formula (5) is substituted into the above pH calculation formula of the strong acid solution or the strong base solution, and the relationship between the pH of the strong acid solution surrounded by the closed curved surface S and the electric field strength E is obtained through simplification (see fig. 2(a) in the schematic diagram):
pH＝-log(1.017*10-3E1+c0) (7)
the relationship between the pH value of the strong alkaline solution surrounded by the closed curved surface S and the electric field intensity E (see fig. 2(b)) is:
pH＝14+log(1.017*10-3E1+c0) (8)
according to H+Or OH-The direction of migration under the electric field can be inferred from the fact that, in either a strong acid solution or a strong base solution, the pH of the upper layer of the solution increases with respect to the initial pH value under the condition that the electric field intensity value is positive, and conversely, the pH of the upper layer of the solution decreases with respect to the initial pH value under the condition that the electric field intensity value is negative. Therefore, the positive or negative electric field strength value can be estimated from the change in the pH of the upper layer of the strong acid solution or the strong base solution.
Claims (10)
1. A device for detecting the electric field intensity under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line is characterized by comprising an insulating support, a graphite plate and a container, wherein the graphite plate is arranged at the top of the insulating support, and the container is arranged on the graphite plate and is used for containing an acid solution or an alkali solution; and the bottom of the graphite plate is provided with a grounding wire.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the insulating support is a telescoping tripod.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the graphite plate is square and has an area of 9cm2～16cm2。
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the portion of the grounding conductor exposed above the ground surface is covered with a layer of insulating material, and a bare conductor with a bottom end of 0.2-0.5 m can be inserted into the ground vertically.
5. The device for detecting the electric field intensity under the extra-high voltage direct current transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the height of the container is 5.5 cm-6 cm, the diameter D of the bottom surface is 0.2-0.5 times of the height of the container, and the device is provided with a special sealing cover; the upper surface of the solution in the container is 0.5 cm-1 cm lower than the top surface of the container.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the container and the sealing cover disposed on top of the container are made of insulating and corrosion-resistant materials.
7. The device for detecting the electric field intensity under the extra-high voltage direct current transmission line according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the acid solution is 0-1.9, and the pH value of the alkali solution is 12.1-14.
8. A method for detecting the electric field intensity under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line is realized based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 7, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) respectively placing a container filled with an acid solution with the pH value of 0-1.9 and a container filled with an alkali solution with the pH value of 12.1-14 in a uniform electric field with known strength, opening a sealing cover of the container, and standing for 3-8 s;
2) inserting a glass rod with 0.1cm scale mark at the circle center of the upper layer of the solution in the container into the position 0.1cm below the liquid level, dipping the solution, dripping the solution on test paper, and observing the color of the test paper after the change is stable so as to determine the pH value of the solution at the position under the electric field intensity;
3) measuring the pH value at the circle center position of the upper layer of the solution in the container in the electric fields with different intensities, and establishing a relation model of the pH value and the electric field intensity E;
4) placing the device under an extra-high voltage direct current transmission line, enabling the container to be located at the position of the electric field intensity to be measured, opening a sealing cover of the container, standing for 3-8 s, and repeating the step 2);
5) and (3) corresponding the pH value obtained in the step 4) to the relation model obtained in the step 3) to obtain the electric field strength value of the position to be measured.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the relational model in step 3) comprises a relational model of pH value of the acid solution and electric field intensity E and a relational model of pH value of the alkali solution and electric field intensity E.
10. The method for detecting the electric field strength under the extra-high voltage direct current transmission line according to claim 8, wherein in the step 4), if the measured pH value is greater than the initial pH value of the solution, a container filled with an alkali solution is selected to detect the electric field strength at the point to be detected, meanwhile, the electric field strength value at the point to be detected is judged to be positive, and the electric field strength value at the position to be detected is determined by using a relation model of the pH value of the alkali solution and the electric field strength E;
if the measured pH value is smaller than the initial pH value of the solution, selecting a container filled with the acid solution to detect the electric field intensity at the measuring point, judging that the electric field intensity value at the measuring point is negative, and determining the electric field intensity value of the position to be measured by using a relation model of the pH value of the acid solution and the electric field intensity E.
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