CN112758252A - Long-endurance self-energy-supply ocean monitoring buoy - Google Patents

Long-endurance self-energy-supply ocean monitoring buoy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112758252A
CN112758252A CN202011539208.2A CN202011539208A CN112758252A CN 112758252 A CN112758252 A CN 112758252A CN 202011539208 A CN202011539208 A CN 202011539208A CN 112758252 A CN112758252 A CN 112758252A
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China
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buoy
power generation
metal electrode
electrode
ocean monitoring
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徐敏义
董家乐
赵天聪
赵云鹏
范仲琪
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Dalian Maritime University
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Dalian Maritime University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/18—Buoys having means to control attitude or position, e.g. reaction surfaces or tether
    • B63B22/20—Ballast means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B22/24—Buoys container type, i.e. having provision for the storage of material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
    • G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
    • H02N1/04—Friction generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00—Buoys
    • B63B2022/006—Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a long-endurance self-powered ocean monitoring buoy which comprises a waterproof anticorrosion sealed shell, a power supply module, a counterweight module and an instrument cabin, wherein the instrument cabin, the power supply module and the counterweight module are sequentially arranged in the waterproof anticorrosion sealed shell from top to bottom; and an energy storage capacitor and electric equipment are arranged in the instrument cabin. The invention can ensure the output of electric energy with the same phase by mechanical fixation, does not need a wave energy acquisition friction nanometer generator externally connected with a rectifier bridge, and can effectively increase the output of electric energy by increasing the number of generating units. The ocean monitoring device is used as an energy supply module and integrated in a buoy carrying ocean monitoring equipment, and the electric energy output can be doubled by increasing the number of power generation units through parallel integration, so that the ocean monitoring device can be continuously supplied with power, the requirements of current renewable energy and ocean resource development are met, and the ocean monitoring device has a better application prospect.

Description

Long-endurance self-energy-supply ocean monitoring buoy
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wave energy collection and utilization and ocean monitoring of friction nanometer generators, and particularly relates to a long-endurance self-powered ocean monitoring buoy.
Background
China has a wide coastline, ocean wave energy and ocean current energy are high in density, ocean energy is widely distributed, and development and utilization of blue energy become important to solve energy crisis at present. The big difficulty in realizing intelligent ocean construction is that the high complexity in the ocean field causes that the energy supply and maintenance of an ocean monitoring platform are very difficult, so that the wave energy power generation technology is a very feasible technical scheme for supplying power to an ocean sensor attached to a buoy.
The buoy is an effective ocean monitoring platform, has all-weather and all-day stable and reliable ocean environment data collection capability, and can realize automatic collection and automatic transmission of data. The environmental, energy and population pressure accelerates the pace of developing oceans for human beings, and in order to find out the requirements of oceanographic climate, hydrology, fishery and mineral resources and the safety of marine defense, a large number of observation platforms such as ocean buoys are distributed in the vast oceans, and most of the power energy supply of the observation platforms is rechargeable or disposable storage batteries or is generated by solar energy. The battery replacement of the buoy in a complex marine environment requires a great cost, and the solar power generation is greatly influenced by the weather, so that the power supply forms have no continuity and reliability.
The existing wave energy collecting friction nanometer generator has the problem that the phases of alternating currents generated by all units are different and offset when multiple units are integrated, the generated energy cannot be effectively improved by increasing the number of generating units, and the required electric energy supply is provided for electric appliances such as a sensor and the like; if the mode of increasing the rectifier bridge is adopted, the electric energy loss is caused, meanwhile, the complexity of a connecting circuit is increased, and the potential failure rate is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention designs the long-endurance self-powered ocean monitoring buoy, and the carried wave energy power generation unit can realize the same-phase electric energy output without a rectifier bridge, so that the integral generated energy can be increased by increasing the number of the power generation units, and the carried ocean monitoring sensor can be continuously powered.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a long-endurance self-powered ocean monitoring buoy comprises a waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell, a power supply module, a counterweight module and an instrument cabin, wherein the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell consists of a sealed cylinder and a sealed cover which are in sealed connection; the instrument cabin, the power supply module and the counterweight module are sequentially arranged in the waterproof anticorrosion sealed shell from top to bottom; an energy storage capacitor and electric equipment are installed in the instrument cabin; the counterweight module is used for adjusting the floating posture of the whole buoy; the electric equipment comprises a sensor and a data transmission module;
the power supply module is formed by connecting a plurality of integrated power generation units in parallel, and the electrode pairs of all the integrated power generation units are arranged in parallel in the same direction. And the plurality of integrated power generation units are connected in parallel and are respectively connected with the energy storage capacitor and the electric equipment after being fixed. The number of the integrated power generation units forming the power supply module is adjusted according to the required power consumption and the size of the buoy;
the integrated power generation unit comprises an insulating shell, an electrode supporting plate and an interlayer support, wherein metal electrodes are fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrode supporting plate, namely an upper layer metal electrode is fixed on the upper surface, and a lower layer metal electrode is fixed on the lower surface; dielectric material balls are placed in the interlayer support; the dielectric material ball is positioned between the upper layer metal electrode and the lower layer metal electrode and is in rolling contact friction with the upper layer metal electrode and the lower layer metal electrode; the upper layer metal electrode and the lower layer metal electrode are respectively connected with an output lead in parallel; the upper layer metal electrode and the lower layer metal electrode on the electrode supporting plate are arranged in parallel in the same direction, and all the metal electrodes in the integrated power generation unit are arranged in parallel in the same direction to ensure the same-phase electric energy output; the interlayer support and the electrode supporting plate are fixed and stacked alternately, the structure of each layer is the same, and the interlayer support and the electrode supporting plate are sealed in an insulating shell after being integrally packaged;
the two upper-layer metal electrodes are symmetrically arranged on the upper side surface of the electrode supporting plate; the lower metal electrode has two blocks, and is symmetrically arranged on the lower side surface of the electrode supporting plate.
Further, the metal electrode is a metal material film, and the outer surface of the metal electrode is subjected to nano treatment and is respectively plated on the upper side and the lower side of the electrode supporting plate.
Further, the electrode supporting plate is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material comprises an acrylic plate, plastic or glass; the interlayer support is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material comprises a 3D printing PLA material, plastic or acrylic.
Furthermore, the dielectric material ball is made of a material with strong electronegativity and strong electron obtaining capability, and comprises PTFE, FEP and Kapton high polymer materials. The diameter of the dielectric material ball is less than 5mm of the distance between two adjacent electrode supporting plates. The space filling rate of the dielectric material ball in the interlayer bracket is 25-75%.
Further, the insulating housing of the integrated power generation unit is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material comprises acrylic plates, plastics or glass.
Furthermore, the counterweight module is made of a high-density metal material comprising iron or lead, and the mass m of the counterweight module is adjusted1The mass M of the buoy is adjusted to ensure that the gravity center of the buoy is superposed with the floating center, so that the buoy is ensured to be in an upright floating state when floating on the sea surface;
buoy mass M comprises counterweight module mass M1Mass m of power supply module2Mass m of instrument chamber3And the mass m of the waterproof and anticorrosive shell4. Regarding the mass of the four parts as uniformly distributed mass bodies, establishing a coordinate system by taking the center of a circle at the bottom of the buoy as an origin, and then determining the vertical coordinate Z of the gravity center of the buoygComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002854417150000031
M＝m1+m2+m3+m4
in the formula, ZgnN is 1, 2, 3 and 4 to correspond to the vertical coordinate of the gravity center of each part, and the coordinate of the gravity center G of the buoy is (0, 0, Z)g)。
The vertical coordinate of the whole floating center of the buoy is calculated as follows:
volume of water drained:
Figure BDA0002854417150000032
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002854417150000033
volume displacement versus volume static moment of the base:
Figure BDA0002854417150000034
vertical coordinates of floating center:
Figure BDA0002854417150000035
wherein r is the radius of the waterproof and anticorrosive shell, d is the draft, and ZAThe height of the centroid is Z, because the mass of the four parts in the buoy is considered to be uniformly distributedAI.e. the height of the center of gravity Zg。
Furthermore, the electric equipment comprises a thermometer, a lamp, a water quality profiler, a Doppler flow velocity profiler, a data acquisition control module and a data acquisition control module.
Furthermore, the electric equipment is connected with the automatic switch in series.
Furthermore, the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell is cylindrical, and the insulating shell is cylindrical; the integrated power generation units are distributed uniformly in the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the basic power generation unit designed by the invention can realize the same-phase electric energy output of the multiple power generation units only through mechanical fixation without a rectifier bridge, simplifies a connecting circuit, greatly improves the power output density, and realizes that the electric energy output can be effectively improved by adding the basic power generation unit. Due to the unique design of the basic power generation unit, the characteristic that the electric energy output can be increased in multiples by increasing the basic power generation unit without arranging.
2. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic generator, the friction nano generator has the advantages of higher energy conversion efficiency under the condition of low-frequency motion and better adaptability to random and irregular mechanical motion under the wave energy collection; the output voltage of the friction nano-generator is independent of the wave motion frequency, and the current and power are proportional to the wave motion frequency, which results in a threshold frequency (usually 5Hz) that makes the output power of the friction nano-generator higher for the same size than the electromagnetic generator, so the friction nano-generator is the best choice at sea wave motion frequencies below 5 Hz. The common friction nanometer generator has different phases, and multiple power generating units are connected in parallel and need to be externally connected with a rectifier bridge, so that electric energy loss is caused, and meanwhile, the change of a connecting circuit is more complicated.
3. The invention adjusts the gravity center of the buoy to coincide with the floating center by adding the counterweight module, so that the buoy has good floating posture. After the wave acts on the swing every time, the wave can quickly return to the center, so that the basic power generation unit carried in the buoy fully collects the wave energy and continuously converts the wave energy into electric energy.
4. The power supply module and the instrument cabin connecting circuit designed by the invention can not only realize that a plurality of basic power generation units are connected without a rectifier bridge, but also realize energy management, store the electric energy converted by the basic power generation units, supply power to various monitoring sensors and wireless communication modules carried by the instrument cabin when needed, realize that ocean wave energy is available and available, realize self-powered work in a complex ocean environment, and can finish long-term monitoring work of a target sea area without periodically and manually replacing batteries and maintaining.
5. In conclusion, the invention can ensure the electric energy output in the same phase by mechanical fixation, does not need the wave energy collection friction nanometer generator externally connected with a rectifier bridge, and can effectively increase the electric energy output by increasing the number of the generating units. The ocean monitoring device is used as an energy supply module and integrated in a buoy carrying ocean monitoring equipment, and the electric energy output can be doubled by increasing the number of power generation units through parallel integration, so that the ocean monitoring device can be continuously supplied with power, the requirements of current renewable energy and ocean resource development are met, and the ocean monitoring device has a better application prospect.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view (exploded view) of a self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view (exploded view) of the structure of the integrated power generation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view (exploded view) of a single-layer basic power generation unit of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the same phase output arrangement of multiple integrated power generation units according to the present invention (not shown).
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the power module of the present invention connected to an instrument pod.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the basic power generation unit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the weight adjusting buoy floating attitude of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a graph of data for the linear increase in output current with increasing number of integrated power generation units in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a graph of data showing the linear increase in the amount of output charge with the number of integrated power generating units according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a sealing cover, 2, an instrument cabin, 3, a power supply module, 4, a counterweight module, 5, a sealing barrel, 6, an interlayer support, 7, an upper layer metal electrode, 8, a lower layer metal electrode, 9, an electrode supporting plate, 10, a dielectric material ball, 11, an insulating shell, 12, an integrated power generation unit, 13, an energy storage capacitor, 14, electric equipment, 15 and an automatic switch.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below with reference to examples.
As shown in fig. 1-5, the long-endurance self-powered ocean monitoring buoy comprises a waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell, a power supply module 3, a counterweight module 4 and an instrument cabin 2, wherein the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell consists of a sealed cylinder 5 and a sealed cover 1, and the sealed cylinder 5 is hermetically connected with the sealed cover 1; the instrument cabin 2, the power supply module 3 and the counterweight module 4 are sequentially arranged in the waterproof anticorrosion sealed shell from top to bottom; an energy storage capacitor 13 and electric equipment 14 are arranged in the instrument cabin 2; the counterweight module 4 is used for adjusting the floating posture of the whole buoy; the electric equipment 14 comprises a sensor and a data transmission module;
the power supply module 3 is formed by connecting a plurality of integrated power generation units 12 in parallel, and the electrode pairs of all the integrated power generation units 12 are arranged in parallel in the same direction. The plurality of integrated power generation units 12 are connected in parallel and fixed and then are respectively connected with the energy storage capacitor 13 and the electric equipment 14. The number of the integrated generating units 12 forming the power supply module 3 is adjusted according to the required power consumption and the size of the buoy;
the integrated power generation unit 12 comprises an insulating shell 11, an electrode supporting plate 9 and an interlayer bracket 6, wherein metal electrodes are fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrode supporting plate 9, namely an upper metal electrode 7 is fixed on the upper surface, and a lower metal electrode 8 is fixed on the lower surface; dielectric material balls 10 are placed inside the interlayer support 6; the dielectric material ball 10 is positioned between the upper layer metal electrode 7 and the lower layer metal electrode 8 and is in rolling contact friction with the upper layer metal electrode 7 and the lower layer metal electrode 8; the upper layer metal electrode 7 and the lower layer metal electrode 8 are respectively connected with output leads in parallel; the upper layer metal electrode 7 and the lower layer metal electrode 8 on the electrode supporting plate 9 are arranged in parallel in the same direction, and all the metal electrodes in the integrated power generation unit 12 are arranged in parallel in the same direction, so that the same-phase electric energy output is ensured; the interlayer support 6 and the electrode support plate 9 are fixed and alternately stacked, the structure of each layer is the same, and the whole interlayer support is sealed in an insulating shell 11 after being packaged;
the two upper-layer metal electrodes 7 are symmetrically arranged on the upper side surface of the electrode supporting plate 9; the lower layer metal electrodes 8 are provided with two blocks which are symmetrically arranged on the lower side surface of the electrode supporting plate 9.
Further, the metal electrode is a metal material film, and the outer surface of the metal electrode is subjected to nano-treatment and is respectively plated on the upper side and the lower side of the electrode support plate 9.
Further, the electrode supporting plate 9 is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material comprises an acrylic plate, plastic or glass; the interlayer support 6 is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material comprises a 3D printing PLA material, plastic or acrylic.
Further, the dielectric material ball 10 uses a material with strong electronegativity and strong electron obtaining capability, including PTFE, FEP, Kapton high polymer material. The diameter of the dielectric material ball 10 is less than 5mm of the distance between two adjacent layers of the electrode supporting plates 9. The space filling rate of the dielectric material balls 10 in the interlayer support 6 is 25% -75%.
Further, the insulating housing 11 of the integrated power generation unit 12 is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material includes acrylic plates, plastics or glass.
Further, the counterweight module 4 is made of a dense metal material including iron or lead, and the mass m of the counterweight module 4 is adjusted1Adjusting the mass M of the buoy to make the center of gravity of the buoy coincide with the center of buoyancy, so as to ensure that the buoy is in an upright floating state when floating on the sea (as shown in figure 7);
the buoy mass M comprises the mass M of the counterweight module 41Mass m of power supply module 322 mass m of the instrument chamber3And mass m of waterproof and anticorrosive case4. Regarding the mass of the four parts as uniformly distributed mass bodies, establishing a coordinate system by taking the center of a circle at the bottom of the buoy as an origin, and then determining the vertical coordinate Z of the gravity center of the buoygComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002854417150000061
M＝m1+m2+m3+m4
in the formula, ZgnFor vertical coordinates of the gravity center of each part, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, the gravity center G of the floatThe coordinates are 0, 0, Zg。
The vertical coordinate of the whole floating center of the buoy is calculated as follows:
volume of water drained:
Figure BDA0002854417150000062
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002854417150000063
volume displacement versus volume static moment of the base:
Figure BDA0002854417150000064
vertical coordinates of floating center:
Figure BDA0002854417150000065
wherein r is the radius of the waterproof and anticorrosive shell, d is the draft, and ZAThe height of the centroid is Z, because the mass of the four parts in the buoy is considered to be uniformly distributedAI.e. the height of the center of gravity Zg。
Further, the electric equipment 14 comprises a thermometer, a lamp, a water quality profiler, a doppler flow profiler, a data acquisition control module and a data acquisition control module.
Further, the electric equipment 14 is connected in series with an automatic switch 15.
Furthermore, the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell is cylindrical, and the insulating shell 11 is cylindrical; the integrated power generation units 12 are distributed uniformly in the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell.
The power generation principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in FIG. 6, the invention utilizes the difference of electronegativity of two materials to generate friction electrification and electrostatic induction to generate alternating current, and when no external force is applied, rolling friction between the dielectric material ball 10 and the metal electrode can not occur to generate induced charge; under the action of external waves, for example, when waves push the basic power generation unit to move leftwards, the dielectric material ball 10 in the basic power generation unit correspondingly slides rightwards, and after the basic power generation unit is contacted and rubbed with the metal electrode for the first time, negative charges are generated on the dielectric material ball 10 due to the friction between the dielectric material ball and the metal electrode due to the difference of electrode sequences; when the dielectric material ball 10 rolls to the right, the dielectric material ball 10 will induce positive charges on the metal electrodes on the lower right side thereof, and at this time, current will be generated in the external circuit and flow from the left metal electrode to the right metal electrode of the electrode supporting plate 9; when the wave pushes the basic power generating unit to move to the right, the dielectric material ball 10 will slide to the left due to the force, positive charges will be generated on the surface of the metal electrode on the left side in the electrode plane below it, and then current will be generated in the external circuit and flow from the metal electrode on the right side to the metal electrode on the left side in the electrode plane, so that current with opposite direction is obtained.
According to the friction nanometer generator wave energy power generation unit capable of realizing same-phase electric energy output without a rectifier bridge, metal electrodes on the upper side and the lower side of each layer of electrode supporting plate 9 are controlled to be arranged in parallel in the same direction, then the electrode supporting plates 9 and the interlayer support 6 are fixed through hot melt adhesive, the same-phase output of each layer of basic power generation units stacked in parallel in the integrated power generation unit 12 is guaranteed, the output can be multiplied only by increasing the number of the power generation units connected in parallel without the rectifier bridge, the power is continuously supplied to electrical appliances carried in a buoy, and long-endurance self-powered ocean monitoring is realized.
As shown in figure 7, the weight module 4 is additionally arranged in the buoy, the buoy has a good floating posture by simulating the tumbler principle and by means of the height coincidence of the gravity center and the floating center of the overall buoy system, and can return to the right position in time after being swung under the action of waves, so that each integrated power generation unit 12 of the internal power supply module 3 can be excited to work under the action of waves every time, and the overall power generation efficiency is effectively improved.
The basic power generation unit designed by the invention can realize the same-phase electric energy output of the multiple power generation units only through mechanical fixation without a rectifier bridge, simplifies a connecting circuit, greatly improves the power output density, and realizes that the electric energy output can be effectively improved by adding the basic power generation unit. Due to the unique design of the basic power generation unit, the characteristic that the electric energy output can be increased in multiples by increasing the basic power generation unit without arranging. As shown in fig. 8, the linear motor is used to simulate the motion of sea waves on a test bench to drive the integrated power generating units 12, and the output current and the charge amount are measured by the electrometer, so that the output current increases gradually as the number of the integrated power generating units 12 connected in parallel increases from 1 to 7, and shows a trend of linear increase. Fig. 9 shows the relationship between the amount of output charge and the number of integrated power generating units 12, and the amount of output charge similarly increases as the number of parallel integrated power generating units 12 increases, as does the output current. Therefore, the output electric energy can be effectively increased by increasing the number of the generating units, a rectifier bridge is not needed, and a connecting circuit is greatly simplified.
The examples of the invention are as follows:
the monitoring of a series of data of meteorological hydrology is always an urgent problem to be solved, and the long-endurance self-powered ocean buoy monitoring platform can be used for meteorological hydrology monitoring. Aiming at the application scene, the instrument cabin 2 is provided with a control module, a communication module, a multi-parameter meteorological sensor and a multi-parameter water quality sensor. The meteorological information that buoy testing platform obtained mainly will be the factor that causes the influence to navigation boats and ships in the channel, and the embedded meteorological sensor of buoy records atmospheric temperature, relative humidity, dew point temperature, wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric pressure, the precipitation of environment, adopts the wind vane to measure the wind direction, adopts hot type wind speed measurement to measure the wind speed, adopts tipping bucket formula rainfall collection appearance to measure the precipitation, measures relative humidity, atmospheric temperature and dew point temperature with the sensor.
The self-powered ocean buoy adopts an all-steel anchor chain single-anchoring mode, when the buoy is arranged in a target sea area, the buoy continuously moves under the action of waves, and the plurality of integrated power generation units 12 continuously convert the wave energy into electric energy and store the electric energy in the energy storage capacitor 13. When the electric equipment 14 carried in the instrument cabin 2 works, the automatic switch 15 is closed to supply power to the multi-parameter meteorological sensor and the water quality sensor and also to supply power to the control module and the communication module. The collected data are transmitted to a receiving end of a shore station monitoring center automatically through short-wave radio digital transmission, and long-term fixed-point monitoring of target sea area meteorology and hydrology is achieved. The power supply module 3 of the friction nano generator can continuously convert ocean wave energy in the working environment into electric energy continuously, supplies power for the instrument cabin 2, and does not need manual operations such as battery replacement, so that the self-powered ocean monitoring buoy can realize long-endurance work and continuously monitor meteorological hydrological information of a target sea area.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiment, and any equivalent idea or change within the technical scope of the present invention is to be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a long duration self-power ocean monitoring buoy which characterized in that: the instrument cabinet comprises a waterproof anticorrosion sealed shell, a power supply module (3), a counterweight module (4) and an instrument cabinet (2), wherein the waterproof anticorrosion sealed shell consists of a sealed cylinder (5) and a sealed cover (1), and the sealed cylinder (5) is hermetically connected with the sealed cover (1); the instrument cabin (2), the power supply module (3) and the counterweight module (4) are sequentially arranged in the waterproof anticorrosion sealed shell from top to bottom; an energy storage capacitor (13) and electric equipment (14) are arranged in the instrument cabin (2); the counterweight module (4) is used for adjusting the floating posture of the whole buoy; the electric equipment (14) comprises a sensor and a data transmission module;
the power supply module (3) is formed by connecting a plurality of integrated power generation units (12) in parallel, and electrode pairs of all the integrated power generation units (12) are arranged in parallel in the same direction; the integrated power generation units (12) are connected in parallel and are respectively connected with the energy storage capacitor (13) and the electric equipment (14) after being fixed; the number of the integrated power generation units (12) forming the power supply module (3) is adjusted according to the required power consumption and the size of the buoy;
the integrated power generation unit (12) comprises an insulating shell (11), an electrode supporting plate (9) and an interlayer support (6), wherein metal electrodes are fixed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the electrode supporting plate (9), namely an upper metal electrode (7) is fixed on the upper surface, and a lower metal electrode (8) is fixed on the lower surface; dielectric material balls (10) are placed in the interlayer support (6); the dielectric material ball (10) is positioned between the upper layer metal electrode (7) and the lower layer metal electrode (8) and is in rolling contact friction with the upper layer metal electrode and the lower layer metal electrode; the upper layer metal electrode (7) and the lower layer metal electrode (8) are respectively connected with an output lead in parallel; the upper layer metal electrode (7) and the lower layer metal electrode (8) on the electrode supporting plate (9) are arranged in parallel in the same direction, and all the metal electrodes in the integrated power generation unit (12) are arranged in parallel in the same direction to ensure the output of same-phase electric energy; the interlayer support (6) and the electrode support plate (9) are fixed and stacked alternately, the structure of each layer is the same, and the interlayer support is sealed in an insulating shell (11) after being integrally packaged;
the upper layer metal electrodes (7) are arranged on the upper side surface of the electrode supporting plate (9) symmetrically; the lower metal electrode (8) has two blocks which are symmetrically arranged on the lower side surface of the electrode supporting plate (9).
2. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the metal electrode is a metal material film, the outer surface of the metal electrode is subjected to nano treatment and is respectively plated on the upper side surface and the lower side surface of the electrode supporting plate (9).
3. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the electrode supporting plate (9) is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material comprises an acrylic plate, plastic or glass; the interlayer support (6) is made of an insulating material, and the insulating material comprises a 3D printing PLA material, plastic or acrylic.
4. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the dielectric material ball (10) is made of a material with strong electronegativity and strong electron obtaining capability, and comprises PTFE, FEP and Kapton high polymer materials; the diameter of the dielectric material ball (10) is less than the distance between two adjacent layers of the electrode supporting plates (9) by 5 mm; the space filling rate of the dielectric material balls (10) in the interlayer support (6) is 25-75%.
5. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the insulating shell (11) of the integrated power generation unit (12) is made of insulating materials, and the insulating materials comprise acrylic plates, plastics or glass.
6. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the counterweight module (4) is made of a high-density metal material comprising iron or lead, and the mass m of the counterweight module (4) is adjusted1The mass M of the buoy is adjusted to ensure that the gravity center of the buoy is superposed with the floating center, so that the buoy is ensured to be in an upright floating state when floating on the sea surface;
the buoy mass M comprises the mass M of the counterweight module (4)1Mass m of power supply module (3)2Mass m of instrument chamber (2)3And mass m of waterproof and anticorrosive case4(ii) a Regarding the mass of the four parts as uniformly distributed mass bodies, establishing a coordinate system by taking the center of a circle at the bottom of the buoy as an origin, and then determining the vertical coordinate Z of the gravity center of the buoygComprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002854417140000021
M＝m1+m2+m3+m4
in the formula, ZgnN is 1, 2, 3 and 4 to correspond to the vertical coordinate of the gravity center of each part, and the coordinate of the gravity center G of the buoy is (0, 0, Z)g)；
The vertical coordinate of the whole floating center of the buoy is calculated as follows:
volume of water drained:
Figure FDA0002854417140000022
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002854417140000023
volume displacement versus volume static moment of the base:
Figure FDA0002854417140000024
vertical coordinates of floating center:
Figure FDA0002854417140000025
wherein r is the radius of the waterproof and anticorrosive shell, d is the draft, and ZAThe height of the centroid is Z, because the mass of the four parts in the buoy is considered to be uniformly distributedAI.e. the height of the center of gravity Zg。
7. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the electric equipment (14) comprises a thermometer, a lamp, a water quality profiler, a Doppler flow velocity profiler, a data acquisition control module and a data acquisition control module.
8. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the electric equipment (14) is connected with the automatic switch (15) in series.
9. The long endurance, self-powered ocean monitoring buoy of claim 1, wherein: the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell is cylindrical, and the insulating shell (11) is cylindrical; the integrated power generation units (12) are distributed uniformly in the waterproof and anticorrosive sealed shell.
CN202011539208.2A 2020-12-23 2020-12-23 Long-endurance self-energy-supply ocean monitoring buoy Pending CN112758252A (en)

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