CN111561368A - Single working medium steam combined cycle - Google Patents

Single working medium steam combined cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111561368A
CN111561368A CN202010347522.4A CN202010347522A CN111561368A CN 111561368 A CN111561368 A CN 111561368A CN 202010347522 A CN202010347522 A CN 202010347522A CN 111561368 A CN111561368 A CN 111561368A
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working medium
kilogram
kilogram working
heat
heat absorption
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李鸿瑞
李华玉
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/06—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using mixtures of different fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • F28B9/08—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for collecting and removing condensate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/02—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of multiple-expansion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a single working medium steam combined cycle device, and belongs to the technical field of energy and power. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Thirteen processes-M-carried out separately or together with one kilogram of working medium and one kilogram of working medium1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145 kg of working medium heat absorption process, 1e H kg of working medium pressure boosting process, H kg of working medium and (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium mixing heat absorption process e8, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process 85, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 56, (M)1+M2) Depressurization 67 of kilogram working medium，(M1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 7f, (M)1+M2) Mixing kilogram working medium with H kilogram working medium to release heat process f8, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 89, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 91-the closed process of composition.

Description

Single working medium steam combined cycle
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of energy and power.
Background art:
cold demand, heat demand and power demand, which are common in human life and production; among them, the conversion of thermal energy into mechanical energy is an important way to obtain and provide power. Generally, the temperature of the heat source decreases with the release of heat, and the heat source is variable in temperature; when fossil fuel is used as source energy, the heat source has the dual characteristics of high temperature and variable temperature, so that the utilization rate of energy is not ideal when refrigeration, heat supply or conversion into power is realized by adopting a single thermodynamic cycle theory.
Taking an external combustion type steam power device as an example, a heat source of the external combustion type steam power device belongs to a high-temperature and variable-temperature heat source; when Rankine cycle is taken as a theoretical basis and steam is taken as a cycle working medium to realize thermal power conversion, the cycle working medium and a heat source have large temperature difference loss and large irreversible loss no matter what parameters are adopted for operation due to the limitation of temperature resistance and pressure resistance and safety of materials, so that the thermal efficiency is low.
In reality, people need to simply, actively and efficiently utilize fuel generation or other high-temperature heat energy to realize refrigeration, heat supply or power conversion, which needs the support of the basic theory of thermal science; in a thermal science basic theory system, thermodynamic cycle is the core of the theoretical basis of a heat energy utilization device and an energy utilization system; the creation and development application of thermodynamic cycle will play a significant role in the leap of energy utilization, and will actively push social progress and productivity development.
The invention provides a single-working-medium steam combined cycle, which aims to provide theoretical support for simplification and high efficiency of a thermodynamic system aiming at the power application of a high-temperature heat source or a variable-temperature heat source from the principle of simply, actively and efficiently realizing temperature difference utilization.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention mainly aims to provide a single-working-medium steam combined cycle, and the specific invention contents are explained in terms as follows:
1. single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Thirteen processes-M-carried out separately or together with one kilogram of working medium and one kilogram of working medium1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145 kg working medium heat absorption process, 1e H kg working medium pressure boosting process, e 8H kg working medium heat absorption process, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process 85, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 56, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization 67 (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 7f, (M)1+M2) Mixing kilogram working medium with H kilogram working medium to release heat process f8, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 89, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 91-the closed process of composition.
2. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kilogram and H kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process157 kg working medium pressure reduction process, 1e H kg working medium pressure increase process, e 9H kg working medium heat absorption process, M296, M kilogram working medium boosting process2Kilogram working medium endothermic process 67, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing kilogram working medium with H kilogram working medium to release heat process f9, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
3. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kilogram and H kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Pressure reduction by kilogram working mediumProcess 34, M147 kilogram working medium heat absorption process, 1e H kilogram working medium pressure boosting process, e 9H kilogram working medium heat absorption process, M2Step-up process of 95, M for kilogram working medium256, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium depressurization 67 (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f9 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
4. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kg and H kg, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process159 kg working medium pressure reduction process, 1e H kg pressure increase process and ec and M H kg working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium boosting process c6, M2Kilogram working medium endothermic process 67, M2Decompression process 78, M with kilogram working medium2Kilogram working medium heat release process 89, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
5. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kg and H kg, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process1Decompression process 56, M of kilogram working medium169 kilogram working medium heat release process, 1e H kilogram working medium pressure boost process, ec and M kilogram working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium boosting process c7, M278, M, kilogram working medium heat absorption process2Decompression Process 89 with kilogram working substance (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
6. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium composed of kg and H kg, sixteen processes-M carried out separately or together1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145 kg working medium heat absorption process, 1e H kg working medium pressure boosting process, ec and M H kg working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium boosting process c5, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 56, X kilogram working medium pressure reduction process 69, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance endotherm 67, (M)1+M2-X) decompression Process 78 with kg of working substance, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance exothermic process 8f, (M)1+M2-X) Heat-releasing Process f9 of mixing of kg working substance with H kg working substance, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
7. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium composed of kg and H kg, sixteen processes-M carried out separately or together1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) 45 kg of working medium heat absorption process, H kg of working medium pressure boosting process 1e, H kg of working medium heat absorption process e8, M28a in kilogram working medium boosting process, ab in M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a5, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 56, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization 67 (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 7f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f8 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 89, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 91-the closed process of composition.
8. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Seventeen processes-M carried out respectively or together by working medium consisting of kg and H kg1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 45, (M)1+ M) decompression of working medium 57 kg, boosting of working medium H kg 1e, heat absorption of working medium H kg e9, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process 9a, M kilogram working medium heat release condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a6, (M)2-M) kilogram working substance endothermic process 67, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f9 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
9. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Seventeen processes-M carried out respectively or together by working medium consisting of kg and H kg1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat absorption process 47, H kilogram working medium pressure boosting process 1e, H kilogram working medium heat absorption process e9, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process 9a, M kilogram working medium heat release condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a5, (M)2M) kilogram working medium endothermic Process 56, (M)2-M) decompression Process 67 with kg working Medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f9 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
10. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Eighteen processes-M carried out respectively or together by kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 45, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization process 59, H kilogram working medium boosting process 1e, H kilogram working medium heat absorption process ec, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process ca, M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a6, (M)2-M) kilogram working substance endothermic process 67, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium depressurization 78, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium exothermic Process 89, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
11. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Eighteen processes-M carried out respectively or together by kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 45, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 56 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat release process 69, H kilogram working medium pressure rise process 1eH kg working medium endothermic process ec, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process ca, M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a7, (M)2M) kilogram of working medium endotherm 78,(M2-M) decompression Process 89 with kg of working substance (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
12. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kg and H kg, nineteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) 45 for heat absorption process of kilogram working medium, 1e for boosting H kilogram working medium, ec and M for heat absorption process of H kilogram working medium2Kilogram working medium boosting process ca, M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a5, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 56, X kilogram working medium pressure reduction process 69, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance endotherm 67, (M)1+M2-X) decompression Process 78 with kg of working substance, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance exothermic process 8f, (M)1+M2-X) Heat-releasing Process f9 of mixing of kg working substance with H kg working substance, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an exemplary illustration of a 1 st principal flow scheme for a single-working-medium combined-steam cycle provided in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a 2 nd schematic flow diagram of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an exemplary diagram of a 3 rd principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of the 4 th principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of a5 th principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram of a6 th principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of the 7 th principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram of an 8 th principle flow of a single-working-medium combined steam cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram of a 9 th principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an exemplary diagram of a 10 th principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an exemplary 11 th principle flow of a single-working-medium combined-steam cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary 12 th principle flow of a single-working-medium vapor combined cycle according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
it is to be noted that, in the description of the structure and the flow, the repetition is not necessary; obvious flow is not described. The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The single-working-medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 1 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process 23, M1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium145 kg working medium heat absorption temperature rise process, 1e H kg working medium condensate pressure rise process, e8, M working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process2Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 85, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 56, (M)1+M2) The kilogram of working medium is decompressed and expanded 67,(M1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 7f, (M)1+M2) The heat releasing and temperature lowering process f8 of mixing kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 89, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 91-13 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process of e8 (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium f8 process is provided, or an external heat source is also provided simultaneously; m1Processes 23 and 45 per kilogram of working medium, and (M)1+M2) 56 processes are carried out by kilogram working media, and the required heat load is provided by an external heat source; or from an external heat source and (M)1+M2) The kilogram of working medium is provided with heat release (heat return) of the 7f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2) The heat released in the process of kilogram working media 7f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from kilograms of working media to H kilograms of working media in a mixing mode, and cooling to 8 points to finish the f8 heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of 91 processes, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat user when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2The boosting process 85 of kilogram working media is generally completed by a compressor; m1Decompression expansion process 34 of kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 67 of kilogram working medium, and also (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 89, generally accomplished by an expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 2 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Kilogram workerMass condensate pressure boosting process 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process 23, M1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process1Decompression and over-expansion process 57 of kilogram working medium, boosting process 1e of condensate of H kilogram working medium, heat absorption and temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process e9 of H kilogram working medium, M296, M kilogram working medium pressure rising and temperature rising process2Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 67, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 with kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 8f, (M)1+M2) The heat releasing and temperature lowering process f9 of mixing kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process c 1-14 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process of e9 (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium f9 process is provided, or an external heat source is also provided simultaneously; m1Carrying out 23 processes and 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M267 processes are carried out by kilogram of working media, and the required heat load is provided by an external heat source; or from an external heat source and (M)1+M2) The kilogram of working medium is provided by heat release (back heating) of the 8f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2) The heat release in the process of kilogram working media 8f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from the kilogram of working medium to the H kilogram of working medium in a mixing mode, and cooling to 9 points to finish the f9 heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium to release heat in c1 course, generally to low temperature heat source release, heat is provided to user when heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2The boosting process 96 of kilogram of working medium is generally completed by a compressor; m1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium1A decompression expansion process 57 of kg of working medium,(M1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 for kg of working medium, and (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, which is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 3 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process 23, M1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium1The heat absorption and temperature rise process of kilogram working medium 47, the pressure rise process of H kilogram working medium condensate 1e, the heat absorption and temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process of H kilogram working medium e9, M2Step-up and temperature-rise process of 95, M of kilogram working medium256, M kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process2Decompression expansion Process 67 with kilogram working Medium, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 with kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 8f, (M)1+M2) The heat releasing and cooling process f9 of mixing kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process c 1-14 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process of e9 (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium f9 process is provided, or an external heat source is also provided simultaneously; m1Carrying out 23 processes and 47 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M256 processes are carried out by kilogram working media, and the required heat load is provided by an external heat source; or from an external heat source and (M)1+M2) The kilogram of working medium is provided by heat release (back heating) of the 8f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2) The heat release in the process of kilogram working media 8f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium is mixedReleasing heat in H kilograms of working medium, and cooling to 9 points to finish the f9 heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium to release heat in c1 course, generally to low temperature heat source release, heat is provided to user when heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2The boosting process 95 of kilogram of working medium is generally completed by a compressor; m1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium2Decompression expansion process 67 of kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 for kg of working medium, and (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, which is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 4 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process 23, M1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process1The decompression expansion process of 59 kilograms of working medium, the boosting process of 1e of H kilograms of working medium condensate, and the processes of heat absorption, temperature rise, vaporization and overheating ec and M of H kilograms of working medium2Kilogram working medium pressure-raising and temperature-raising process c6, M2Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 67, M2Decompression expansion process 78, M with kilogram working medium2Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 89, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release cooling process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process d 1-15 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process in ec process (M)1+M2) Kilogram workerThe heat release of the mass fc process is provided, or an external heat source is provided simultaneously; m1Carrying out 23 processes and 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M267 processes are carried out by kilogram of working media, and the required heat load is provided by an external heat source; or from an external heat source and M289 processes and (M) are carried out by kg of working medium1+M2) And the kilogram of working medium is provided by the combined heat release (heat return) of the 9f process.
② exothermic Process-M2Working fluid in kilograms of working fluid is subjected to process 89, and (M)1+M2) The heat released in the process of kilogram working media 9f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from kilogram working media to H kilogram working media in a mixing mode, cooling to a point c, and completing an fc heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat consumer when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2The boosting process c6 of kilogram working medium is generally completed by a compressor; m1Depressurization of 34, M kilogram of working medium1Depressurization of 59, M in kilograms of working medium2Depressurization 78 of the kilogram of working medium, and (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, generally accomplished by the expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 5 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process 23, M1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process1Decompression expansion process 56, M of kilogram working medium1The heat release and temperature reduction process 69 of kilogram working medium, the pressure increase process 1e of H kilogram working medium condensate, and the heat absorption, temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process of H kilogram working mediumec，M2Kilogram working medium pressure-raising and temperature-raising process c7, M278, M kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process2Decompression expansion process 89 with kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release cooling process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process d 1-15 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process in ec process (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium fc process is provided, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; m1Carrying out 23 processes and 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M256 processes are carried out by kilogram working media, and the required heat load is provided by an external heat source; or from an external heat source and M1Working medium of 69 kilograms and (M)1+M2) And the kilogram of working medium is provided by the combined heat release (heat return) of the 9f process.
② exothermic Process-M1Working with 69 kg of working medium, and (M)1+M2) The heat released in the process of kilogram working media 9f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from kilogram working media to H kilogram working media in a mixing mode, cooling to a point c, and completing an fc heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat consumer when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2The boosting process c7 of kilogram working medium is generally completed by a compressor; m1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression expansion process 56, M of kilogram working medium2Decompression expansion process 89 of kilogram working medium, and also (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, generally accomplished by the expander; expansion work is larger than boosting power consumption, thermal work change is completed, and circulation net work is provided for the outside, so that single working medium steam combined circulation is formedAnd (4) a ring.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 6 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating process 23, M1Decompression expansion process 34, M of kilogram working medium145 kg working medium heat absorption temperature rise process, 1e H kg working medium condensate pressure rise process, ec and M of H kg working medium heat absorption temperature rise, vaporization and overheating processes2Kilogram working medium pressure-raising and temperature-raising process c5, (M)1+M2) The heat absorption and temperature rise process of kilogram working medium 56, the pressure reduction and expansion process of X kilogram working medium 69, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working medium endothermic heating Process 67, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 78, (M)1+M2-X) kg of working medium exothermic cooling process 8f, (M)1+M2-X) kg of working medium and H kg of working medium are mixed to release heat and reduce the temperature f9, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release cooling process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process d 1-16 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process in ec process (M)1+M2X) kg of working medium f9 Process and (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium 9c process is provided, or an external heat source is also provided at the same time; m1Carrying out 23 processes and 45 processes (M) by kg of working medium1+M2) 56 processes per kilogram of working medium, and (M)1+M2-X) kg for 67 processes, the required heat load being provided by an external heat source; or from an external heat source and (M)1+M2X) one kilogram of working medium is supplied by heat release (recuperation) of the 8f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2-X) the heat release of the process of kg of working substance 8f, which can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working medium releases heat to H kilogram working medium in a mixing mode, and the temperature is reduced to 9 points, so that the f9 heat release process is completed; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from the kilogram of working media to the H kilogram of working media in a mixing mode, and cooling to a point c to finish the 9c heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat consumer when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2The boosting process c5 of kilogram working medium is generally completed by a compressor; m1Decompression expansion process 34 for kg of working medium, decompression expansion process 69 for X kg of working medium, (M)1+M2-X) decompression expansion process 78 of kg of working medium, and also (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, generally accomplished by the expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 7 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process b3 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 34, (M)1+ M) 45 for heat-absorbing temperature rise of working medium kg, 1e for pressure rise of working medium condensate of H kg, 8 for heat-absorbing temperature rise, vaporization and overheating of working medium of H kg, M2Boosting and heating process of kilogram working medium 8a, M kilogram working medium and M1Ab (M) of the condensation process of the heat released by the mixture of kilograms of working medium2-M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process a5, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 56, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion Process 67 with kilogram working Medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 7f, (M)1+M2) The heat releasing and cooling process f8 of mixing kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 89, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process 91-16 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process of e8 (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium f8 process is provided, or an external heat source is also provided simultaneously; m1The heat absorption of the kilogram of working media in the 2b process comes from the mixed heat release of M kilograms of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M)1+ M) kg of working medium for b3 process, 45 process and (M)1+M2) The heat load required for 56 processes per kilogram of working medium is provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M)1+M2) The kilogram of working medium is provided with heat release (heat return) of the 7f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2) The heat released in the process of kilogram working media 7f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from kilograms of working media to H kilograms of working media in a mixing mode, and cooling to 8 points to finish the f8 heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of 91 processes, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat user when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2Boosting process 8a and (M) of kilogram working medium2M) the boosting process a5 of kg of working medium is generally carried out by a compressor; (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 34 of kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 67 of kilogram working medium, and also (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 89, generally accomplished by an expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 8 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process b3 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 45, (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 57 of working medium of kilogram, boosting process 1e of condensate of working medium of H kilogram, endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process e9 of working medium of H kilogram, M2Boosting and temperature rising process of kilogram working medium 9a, M kilogram working medium and M1Ab (M) of the condensation process of the heat released by the mixture of kilograms of working medium2-M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process a6, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 67, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 with kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 8f, (M)1+M2) The heat releasing and cooling process f9 of mixing kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process c 1-17 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process of e9 (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium f9 process is provided, or an external heat source is also provided simultaneously; m1The heat absorption of the kilogram of working media in the 2b process comes from the mixed heat release of M kilograms of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M)1+ M) kg of working medium for b3 process, 45 process and (M)2M) the thermal load required for 67 processes per kilogram of working medium, provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M)1+M2) The kilogram of working medium is provided by heat release (back heating) of the 8f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2) The heat release in the process of kilogram working media 8f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from the kilogram of working medium to the H kilogram of working medium in a mixing mode, and cooling to 9 points to finish the f9 heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium to release heat in c1 course, generally to low temperature heat source release, heat is provided to user when heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversionProcess-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2Boosting process 9a and (M) with kilogram working medium2M) the boosting process a6 of kg of working medium is generally carried out by a compressor; (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 34 of kilogram working medium, (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 57 of kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 for kg of working medium, and (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, which is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 9 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process b3 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 34, (M)1+ M) heat-absorbing temperature-raising process 47 for kg working medium, pressure-raising process 1e for H kg working medium condensate, heat-absorbing temperature-raising, vaporizing and superheating process e9 for H kg working medium, M2Boosting and temperature rising process of kilogram working medium 9a, M kilogram working medium and M1Ab (M) of the condensation process of the heat released by the mixture of kilograms of working medium2-M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process a5, (M)2-M) Heat absorption and temperature increase Process 56 with kilogram working Medium (M)2-M) decompression expansion Process 67 with kg working Medium, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 with kilogram working medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 8f, (M)1+M2) The heat releasing and cooling process f9 of mixing kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process c 1-17 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process of e9 (M)1+M2) Heat release of kilogram working medium f9 processTo be provided, or to be provided simultaneously with an external heat source; m1The heat absorption of the kilogram of working media in the 2b process comes from the mixed heat release of M kilograms of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M)1+ M) kg of working medium for b3 process, 47 process and (M)2M) Heat load required for 56 processes with kg of working substance, provided by an external Heat Source, or by an external Heat Source and (M)1+M2) The kilogram of working medium is provided by heat release (back heating) of the 8f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2) The heat release in the process of kilogram working media 8f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from the kilogram of working medium to the H kilogram of working medium in a mixing mode, and cooling to 9 points to finish the f9 heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium to release heat in c1 course, generally to low temperature heat source release, heat is provided to user when heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2Boosting process 9a and (M) with kilogram working medium2M) the boosting process a5 of kg of working medium is generally carried out by a compressor; (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 34 of kilogram working medium, (M)2M) decompression expansion Process 67 of kg working fluid, (M)1+M2) Decompression expansion process 78 for kg of working medium, and (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 9c, which is generally completed by an expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 10 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process b3 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 45, (M)1+ M) thousandThe decompression expansion process of 59 grams of working medium, the boosting process of 1e of H kilograms of working medium condensate, and the processes of heat absorption, temperature rise, vaporization and overheating ec and M of H kilograms of working medium2Boosting and heating process of kilogram working medium ca, M kilogram working medium and M1Ab (M) of the condensation process of the heat released by the mixture of kilograms of working medium2-M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process a6, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 67, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 78, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 89, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release cooling process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermically condensed process d 1-18 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process in ec process (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium fc process is provided, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; m1The heat absorption of the kilogram of working media in the 2b process comes from the mixed heat release of M kilograms of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M)1+ M) kg of working medium for b3 process, 45 process and (M)2M) the thermal load required for 67 processes per kilogram of working medium, provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M)2-M) Process 89 with (M) kg of working substance1+M2) And the kilogram of working medium is provided by the combined heat release (heat return) of the 9f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)2-M) Process 89 with kg of working substance, and (M)1+M2) The heat released in the process of kilogram working media 9f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from kilogram working media to H kilogram working media in a mixing mode, cooling to a point c, and completing an fc heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat consumer when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally composed ofCirculation pump to complete, M2Boosting process of kilogram working medium ca and (M)2M) the boosting process a6 of kg of working medium is generally carried out by a compressor; (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 34 of kilogram working medium, (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 59 with kilogram of working medium, (M)2-M) depressurization 78 of kg of working medium, and also (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, generally accomplished by the expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 11 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process b3 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 45, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion Process 56, (M)1+ M) kg of working medium exothermic cooling process 69, H kg of working medium condensate boosting process 1e, H kg of working medium endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process ec, M2Boosting and heating process of kilogram working medium ca, M kilogram working medium and M1Ab (M) of the condensation process of the heat released by the mixture of kilograms of working medium2-M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process a7, (M)2-M) Heat absorption and temperature increase Process 78 with kg working Medium (M)2-M) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 89, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release cooling process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-a total of 18 processes.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process in ec process (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium fc process is provided, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; m1Kilogram workerThe heat absorption of the mass-to-process 2b comes from the mixed heat release of M kilograms of superheated steam, or is provided by an external heat source; (M)1+ M) kg of working medium for b3 process, 45 process and (M)2M) the thermal load required for carrying out the 78 process with kg of working medium, provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M)1+ M) kg of working medium is processed in 69 steps and1+M2) And the kilogram of working medium is provided by the combined heat release (heat return) of the 9f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+ M) kg of working medium 69, and (M)1+M2) The heat released in the process of kilogram working media 9f can be provided for the outside or other links of circulation to meet corresponding heat requirements; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from kilogram working media to H kilogram working media in a mixing mode, cooling to a point c, and completing an fc heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat consumer when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2Boosting process of kilogram working medium ca and (M)2M) the boosting process a7 of kg of working medium is generally carried out by a compressor; (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 34 of kilogram working medium, (M)1+ M) decompression of working medium kg 56, (M)2Depressurization 89 of M) kg of working medium, and also (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, generally accomplished by the expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The single-working-medium vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 12 is performed as follows:
(1) from the cycle process:
working medium process-M1Boosting process of kilogram working medium condensate 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating, vaporization and superheating process b3 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization expansion process 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 45, H kilogram working medium1e in the process of boosting the mass condensate, and ec and M in the processes of heat absorption, temperature rise, vaporization and overheating of H kilograms of working media2Boosting and heating process of kilogram working medium ca, M kilogram working medium and M1Ab (M) of the condensation process of the heat released by the mixture of kilograms of working medium2-M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process a5, (M)1+M2) The heat absorption and temperature rise process of kilogram working medium 56, the pressure reduction and expansion process of X kilogram working medium 69, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working medium endothermic heating Process 67, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 78, (M)1+M2-X) kg of working medium exothermic cooling process 8f, (M)1+M2-X) kg of working medium exothermic cooling process f9, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release cooling process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, (M)1+ H) kg working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-a total of 18 processes.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
① endothermic process-H kilogram working medium carries out endothermic process in ec process (M)1+M2X) kg of working medium f9 Process and (M)1+M2) The heat release of the kilogram working medium 9c process is provided, or an external heat source is also provided at the same time; m1The heat absorption of the kilogram of working media in the 2b process comes from the mixed heat release of M kilograms of superheated steam, or an external heat source is provided at the same time; (M)1+ M) kg of working medium for b3 process and 45 process, (M)1+M2) 56 processes per kilogram of working medium, and (M)1+M2-X) kg for 67 processes, the heat load required being provided by an external heat source, or by an external heat source and (M)1+M2X) one kilogram of working medium is supplied by heat release (recuperation) of the 8f process.
② exothermic Process- (M)1+M2-X) the heat release of the process of kg of working substance 8f, which can be provided externally or to other parts of the cycle to meet the corresponding heat demand; (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working medium releases heat to H kilogram working medium in a mixing mode, and the temperature is reduced to 9 points, so that the f9 heat release process is completed; (M)1+M2) Releasing heat from the kilogram of working media to the H kilogram of working media in a mixing mode, and cooling to a point c to finish the 9c heat release process; (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of d1 process, generally releases to low temperature heat source, provides to the heat consumer when the heat is supplied jointly.
③ energy conversion Process-M1The boosting process 12 of kilogram working medium and the boosting process 1e of H kilogram working medium are generally completed by a circulating pump, M2Boosting process of kilogram working medium ca and (M)2M) the boosting process a5 of kg of working medium is generally carried out by a compressor; (M)1+ M) decompression expansion process 34 for kg of working medium, and decompression process 69 for X kg of working medium, (M)1+M2X) depressurization 78 of kg of working medium, and also (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process cd, generally accomplished by the expander; the expansion work is larger than the pressure-raising power consumption, the heat-changing work is completed, the circulation net work is provided for the outside, and the single working medium steam combined circulation is formed.
The effect that the technology of the invention can realize-the single working medium steam combined cycle provided by the invention has the following effects and advantages:
(1) creating a thermal energy (temperature difference) utilization basic theory.
(2) The heat load in the phase change heat absorption process is greatly reduced, the heat absorption load in a high-temperature section is relatively increased, and the heat efficiency is high.
(3) The method is simple, reasonable in flow and good in applicability, and is a common technology for realizing effective utilization of temperature difference.
(4) The single working medium is beneficial to production and storage; reduce the running cost and improve the flexibility of circulation regulation
(5) The process is shared, the heat efficiency is improved, and a theoretical basis is provided for reducing the equipment investment.
(6) In the high temperature area or the variable temperature area, the circulating medium and the heat source medium are both gases, and the circulating working medium is in favor of reducing the temperature difference heat transfer loss from the heat source heat absorption link and improving the heat efficiency.
(7) The low-pressure high-temperature operation mode is adopted in the high-temperature area, so that the contradiction that the heat efficiency, the circulating medium parameters and the pressure and temperature resistance of the pipe are difficult to reconcile in the traditional steam power device is solved.
(8) On the premise of realizing high thermal efficiency, low-pressure operation can be selected, and theoretical support is provided for improving the operation safety of the device.
(9) The working medium has wide application range, can well adapt to energy supply requirements, and is flexibly matched with working parameters.
(10) The thermodynamic cycle range for realizing temperature difference utilization is expanded, and efficient power utilization of a high-temperature heat source and a variable-temperature heat source is favorably realized.

Claims (12)

1. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Thirteen processes-M-carried out separately or together with one kilogram of working medium and one kilogram of working medium1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145 kg working medium heat absorption process, 1e H kg working medium pressure boosting process, e 8H kg working medium heat absorption process, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process 85, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 56, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization 67 (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 7f, (M)1+M2) Mixing kilogram working medium with H kilogram working medium to release heat process f8, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 89, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 91-the closed process of composition.
2. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kilogram and H kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process157 kg working medium pressure reduction process, 1e H kg working medium pressure increase process, e 9H kg working medium heat absorption process, M296, M kilogram working medium boosting process2Kilogram working medium endothermic process 67, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing kilogram working medium with H kilogram working medium to release heat process f9, (M)1+ H) kg of working mediumDepressurization Process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
3. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kilogram and H kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium147 kilogram working medium heat absorption process, 1e H kilogram working medium pressure boosting process, e 9H kilogram working medium heat absorption process, M2Step-up process of 95, M for kilogram working medium256, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium depressurization 67 (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f9 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
4. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kg and H kg, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process159 kg working medium pressure reduction process, 1e H kg pressure increase process and ec and M H kg working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium boosting process c6, M2Kilogram working medium endothermic process 67, M2Decompression process 78, M with kilogram working medium2Kilogram working medium heat release process 89, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
5.Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kg and H kg, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and vaporizes 23, M, and the kilogram working medium reduces pressure 34, M145, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process1Decompression process 56, M of kilogram working medium169 kilogram working medium heat release process, 1e H kilogram working medium pressure boost process, ec and M kilogram working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium boosting process c7, M278, M, kilogram working medium heat absorption process2Decompression Process 89 with kilogram working substance (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
6. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium composed of kg and H kg, sixteen processes-M carried out separately or together1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Heat absorption and vaporization process 23, M of kilogram working medium1Decompression process 34, M of kilogram working medium145 kg working medium heat absorption process, 1e H kg working medium pressure boosting process, ec and M H kg working medium heat absorption process2Kilogram working medium boosting process c5, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 56, X kilogram working medium pressure reduction process 69, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance endotherm 67, (M)1+M2-X) decompression Process 78 with kg of working substance, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance exothermic process 8f, (M)1+M2-X) Heat-releasing Process f9 of mixing of kg working substance with H kg working substance, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
7. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is defined asM1Kilogram, M2Working medium composed of kg and H kg, sixteen processes-M carried out separately or together1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) 45 heat absorption process with kilogram working medium, H1 pressure boosting process with kilogram working mediumeH kilogram working medium heat absorption process e8, M28a in kilogram working medium boosting process, ab in M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a5, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 56, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization 67 (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 7f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f8 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 89, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 91-the closed process of composition.
8. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Seventeen processes-M carried out respectively or together by working medium consisting of kg and H kg1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 45, (M)1+ M) decompression of working medium 57 kg, boosting of working medium H kg 1e, heat absorption of working medium H kg e9, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process 9a, M kilogram working medium heat release condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a6, (M)2-M) kilogram working substance endothermic process 67, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f9 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
9. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Seventeen processes-M carried out respectively or together by working medium consisting of kg and H kg1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat absorption process 47, H kilogram working medium pressure boosting process 1e, H kilogram working medium heat absorption process e9, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process 9a, M kilogram working medium heat release condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a5, (M)2M) kilogram working medium endothermic Process 56, (M)2-M) decompression Process 67 with kg working Medium, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium depressurization process 78, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 8f, (M)1+M2) Mixing heat release process f9 of kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium depressurization process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process c 1-a closed process of composition.
10. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Eighteen processes-M carried out respectively or together by kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 45, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization process 59, H kilogram working medium boosting process 1e, H kilogram working medium heat absorption process ec, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process ca, M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a6, (M)2-M) kilogram working substance endothermic process 67, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium depressurization 78, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium exothermic Process 89, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram toolsExothermic condensation process d 1-a closed process of composition.
11. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Eighteen processes-M carried out respectively or together by kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 45, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 56 (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium heat release process 69, H kilogram working medium pressure boost process 1e, H kilogram working medium heat absorption process ec, M2Kilogram working medium boosting process ca, M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a7, (M)2-M) kilogram working medium endothermic Process 78, (M)2-M) decompression Process 89 with kg of working substance (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat release process 9f, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process fc, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
12. Single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M1Kilogram, M2Working medium consisting of kg and H kg, nineteen processes carried out separately or together-M1Step-up process of working medium kilogram 12, M1Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2b, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process b3, (M)1+ M) kilogram working medium depressurization 34, (M)1+ M) 45 for heat absorption process of kilogram working medium, 1e for boosting H kilogram working medium, ec and M for heat absorption process of H kilogram working medium2Kilogram working medium boosting process ca, M kilogram working medium heat releasing condensation process ab, (M)2M) kilogram working medium pressure increasing process a5, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 56, X kilogram working medium pressure reduction process 69, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance endotherm 67, (M)1+M2-X) decompression Process 78 with kg of working substance, (M)1+M2-X) kilogram working substance exothermic process 8f, (M)1+M2-X) Heat-releasing Process f9 of mixing of kg working substance with H kg working substance, (M)1+M2) Kilogram working medium and H kilogram working medium mixed heat release process 9c, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium decompression process cd, (M)1+ H) kilogram working medium exothermal condensation process d 1-the closed process of composition.
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