CN115478916A - Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle - Google Patents

Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115478916A
CN115478916A CN202010557968.XA CN202010557968A CN115478916A CN 115478916 A CN115478916 A CN 115478916A CN 202010557968 A CN202010557968 A CN 202010557968A CN 115478916 A CN115478916 A CN 115478916A
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working medium
kilogram
kilogram working
heat
heat release
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李鸿瑞
李华玉
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B29/00—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously
    • F25B29/003—Combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. operating alternately or simultaneously of the compression type system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
    • F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, belonging to the technical field of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pumps. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Ten processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 63,M 1 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, M 1 A kilogram working medium heat release condensation process 89, a kilogram working medium pressure reduction process 91, and a closed process.

Description

Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of thermodynamics, refrigeration and heat pumps.
The background art comprises the following steps:
cold demand, heat demand and power demand, which are common in human life and production; the conversion of mechanical energy into heat energy is an important way to realize refrigeration and efficient heating. In general, the temperature of the cooling medium changes during cooling, and the temperature of the medium to be heated often changes during heating; when the mechanical energy is used for heating, the heated medium has the dual characteristics of temperature changing and high temperature at the same time in many times, so that the performance index is unreasonable when refrigeration or heating is realized by adopting a single thermodynamic cycle theory; these have the problems of unreasonable performance index, low heating parameters, high compression ratio and too high working pressure.
From the basic theory, there have long been significant deficiencies: (1) The vapor compression refrigeration or heat pump cycle based on the reverse Rankine cycle is adopted, the heat release mainly depends on the condensation process, and the temperature difference loss between the working medium and the heated medium is large during the heat release; meanwhile, the condensate is large in loss or high in utilization cost in the pressure reduction process; when the supercritical working condition is adopted, the compression ratio is higher, so that the manufacturing cost of the compressor is high, the safety is reduced, and the like. (2) The gas compression type refrigeration or heat pump cycle based on the reverse Brayton cycle is adopted, and the compression ratio is required to be lower, so that the improvement of heat supply parameters is limited; meanwhile, the low-temperature process is temperature-changing, so that the low-temperature link usually has large temperature difference loss during refrigeration or heating, and the performance index is not ideal.
In a basic theoretical system of thermal science, the establishment, development and application of thermodynamic cycle play an important role in the leap of energy utilization, and social progress and productivity development are actively promoted; the reverse thermodynamic cycle is the theoretical basis of a mechanical energy refrigeration or heating utilization device and is also the core of a related energy utilization system. Aiming at the problems existing for a long time, the invention aims to provide basic theoretical support for the simplicity, the initiative and the high efficiency of a refrigeration or heat pump device from the principle of simply, actively and efficiently utilizing mechanical energy for refrigeration or heating, and provides a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention mainly aims to provide a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, and the specific contents of the invention are explained in terms of the following:
1. reverse single working medium steaming deviceCombined cycle of steam, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Kilogram formed working medium, ten processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 63,M 1 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
2. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 63,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 57, M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
3. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 56,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 2 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 73,M 1 58,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium-a closure process of the composition.
4. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, twelve processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 56,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 2 Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 73,M 1 48,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 1 89, M kilogram working medium heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
5. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of (kg) of (g) a respective or co-operating twelve processes-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 63,M 1 Kilogram working medium heat absorption process 47, M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 89,M 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium depressurization process d 1-a closed process.
6. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working substances in kilogram composition, thirteen processes carried out individually or jointly or in part-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working substance endothermic Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) exothermic Process 67, X kg of working substanceWorking medium boost process 47, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 78, M heat release process of kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression process is 83,M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 89,M 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium depressurization process d 1-a closed process.
7. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, twelve processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 2 Decompression process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, M 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And a kilogram working medium decompression process 91-a closed process.
8. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 57, M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
9. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 The working medium is composed of kilogram of working medium,thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 56, M 2 Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 2 Depressurization process of 7a, M with kilogram of working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 58,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
10. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 45, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 56, M 2 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 2 Depressurization process of 7a, M with kilogram of working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 48,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 89,M 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
11. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Depressurization process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 47,M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M kilogram working medium heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Cd, M process of heat release and condensation of kilogram working medium 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium depressurization process d 1-a closed process.
12. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, fifteen processes carried out separately or together or in part-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working substance endothermic Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a heat release process with 67 kg of working medium, a pressure rise process with 47 kg of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process of working medium kilogram 8a, M 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 89,M 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Cd, M process of heat release and condensation of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
13. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 8r, M kilogram working medium decompression process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r9, M of kilogram working medium 1 Decompression process 91-kilogram working medium-a closure process of the composition.
14. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic Process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 57, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kg working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kg working medium depressurization process rs, M kg working medium endothermic vaporization process st ，M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
15. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 56, (M) 2 M) kilogram working substance exothermic Process 67, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 7t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 58, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
16. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, sixteen processes-M carried out separately or together 1 Kilogram working medium heat-absorbing steamChemical Process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram of working medium endotherm 45, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 56, (M) 2 M) kilogram working substance exothermic Process 67, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 7t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boosting process 48, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boosting process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium heat-releasing condensation process cr, M kg of working medium pressure-reducing process rs, M kg of working medium heat-absorbing vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rd, M 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium depressurization process d 1-a closed process.
17. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, sixteen processes-M carried out separately or together 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic Process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 47, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boosting process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium heat-releasing condensation process cr, M kg of working medium pressure-reducing process rs, M kg of working medium heat-absorbing vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rd, M 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium depressurization process d 1-a closed process.
18. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of (a) working medium, seventeen processes carried out separately or together or partially-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working substance endothermic Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure rise 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a heat release process with 67 kg of working medium, a pressure rise process with 47 kg of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium decompression process 8t, M 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 89, and (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium heat-releasing condensation process cr, M kg of working medium decompression process rs, M kg of working medium heat-absorbing vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium exothermic process rd, M 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
19. A reverse single-working-medium steam combined cycle, wherein "M" is contained in any one of the reverse single-working-medium steam combined cycles of claims 1 to 18 1 Changing the kilogram working medium pressure increasing process 23 into M 1 Boosting process 2z, M with kilogram working medium 1 And (3) obtaining a corresponding reverse single working medium steam combined cycle in a kilogram working medium heat absorption process z & lt 3 & gt.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an exemplary diagram of the 1 st principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an exemplary diagram of a 2 nd schematic flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary 3 rd principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of the 4 th principle flow of the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of the 5 th principle flow of the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an exemplary diagram of the 6 th principle flow of the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an exemplary 7 th principle flow diagram of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 8 is an exemplary diagram of an 8 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an exemplary diagram of a 9 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an exemplary diagram of a 10 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is an exemplary diagram of an 11 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an exemplary schematic diagram of a 12 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary 13 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a 14 th principle flow of a reverse monophasic steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 15 is an exemplary diagram of a 15 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary flow diagram of the 16 th principle of a reverse single-working-medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary 17 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 18 is an exemplary diagram of an 18 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a 19 th principle flow of a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle according to the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
it should be noted that, in the description of the flow, the flow is not repeated if necessary, and the obvious flow is not described; the invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 1 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Step-up and temperature-up process 45 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 63, M with kilogram working medium 1 Heat release and temperature reduction process 67,M of kilogram working medium 1 78, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 1 89, M, in the process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And (5) a step of reducing the pressure of kilogram working medium condensate 91-10 processes in total.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 1 +M 2 ) 56 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the two processes of 67 and 89, the high-temperature part of the working medium is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the working medium is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 34 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram working medium is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out two processes of 23 and 78 per kilogram of working medium and (M) 1 +M 2 ) The 45-kilogram process is generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; m 2 63 kg of working medium are processed by an expander and provide mechanical energy, M 1 The process of 91 kilograms of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 2 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise processes 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release and temperature reduction processes 2 Decompression expansion process with kilogram working medium 63,M 1 57, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 1 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 1 The process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate is 9c 1 C1, pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate, 11 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, M 2 56 process heat release per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Kilogram working medium carries out heat release of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part of the process is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the process is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 34 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram working medium is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram working medium is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram working medium is met by regenerative heating.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 23, 57 and 89 processes on kilogram working medium (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45 kilograms of working medium is processed, generally completed by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m 2 63 kg of working medium are processed by an expander and provide mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 3 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 2 56, M step-up and temperature-up process of kilogram working medium 2 Heat release and temperature reduction process 67,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process with kilogram working medium 73,M 1 58, M in the process of heat release and temperature reduction of kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 1 Process 9c, M for cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 C1, pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate, 11 processes in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, M 2 67 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The heat release of 58 and 9c processes is carried out by kilogram working medium, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 34 process is carried out in kilograms of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram working medium is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram working medium is satisfied by regenerative heating.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Working in two processes 23, 89 per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45 processes and M in kg of working medium 2 56 kilograms of working media are processed, generally completed by a compressor and required mechanical energy; m is a group of 2 The process of 73 kilograms of working medium is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 4 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 2 45, M working medium kilogram heat absorption temperature rise process 2 56, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 2 Heat release and temperature reduction process 67,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process with kilogram working medium 73,M 1 48, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rising process 1 89, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium 1 Step-up and temperature-raising process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 Heat release and temperature reduction process cd, M of kilogram working medium, liquefaction and condensate 1 And (4) a step d1 of reducing the pressure of the kilogram of working medium condensate, namely 12 steps.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, M 2 67 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the 89 and cd processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium for the process and M 2 The heat requirement of the 45 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; m 2 The heat requirement of 45 kg of working medium in the process can be met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out three processes of 23, 48 and 9c per kilogram of working medium, and M 2 56 kilograms of working media are generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; m 2 The process of 73 kilograms of working medium is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram working medium can be implemented by vortexTurbine or throttle valves; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 5 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 2 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise processes 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 63, M with kilogram working medium 1 47,M kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 1 78, M in the process of boosting and heating kilogram working medium 1 89, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium 1 Step-up and temperature-raising process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 Heat release and temperature reduction process cd, M of kilogram working medium, liquefaction and condensate 1 And (4) a step d1 of reducing the pressure of the kilogram of working medium condensate, namely 12 steps.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process-M 2 56 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the 89 and cd processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and M 1 The heat requirement of the 47 process is carried out per kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working media absorb heat in the 34 process, can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially met by regenerative heating, or can be completely met by regenerative heating; m is a group of 1 The heat requirement of 47 processes carried out by kilogram working media can be met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out three processes of 23, 78 and 9c per kilogram of working medium, and M 2 45 processes are carried out by kilogram of working mediumGenerally, the method is completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; m is a group of 2 63 kg of working medium are processed by an expander and provide mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 6 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a process of heat release and temperature reduction 67 per kilogram of working medium, a process of pressure rise and temperature rise 47 per kilogram of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 2 Decompression expansion process 83,M of kilogram working medium 1 89, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium 1 Step-up and temperature-raising process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 Process cd, M of heat release and cooling of kilogram working medium, liquefaction and heat release and cooling of condensate 1 And (4) a step d1 of depressurizing kilogram working medium condensate, namely 13 steps.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 1 +M 2 X) Heat release from 67 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release of 78 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the 89 and cd processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and (M) 1 +M 2 X) kg of working medium the heat requirement of the 45 process.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working media absorb heat in the 34 process, and can be used for obtaining low-temperature heat load, or part of the working media is used for obtaining the low-temperature heat load and part of the working media is heated back; (M) 1 +M 2 X) kg of working medium absorbs heat in 45 processes, and can be partially used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and partially satisfied by regenerative heating, or completely satisfied by regenerative heating.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Two processes 23, 9c are carried out per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 +M 2 -X) 56 processes per kilogram of working substance and 47 processes per kilogram of working substance, generally performed by a compressor, requiring mechanical energy; m 2 The working process of 83 kilograms of working medium is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The process of d1 performed by kilogram of working media can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 7 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Step-up and temperature-up process 45 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 6a, M with kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process of working medium kg b3, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 67, M 1 78, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 1 89, M, in the process of cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And 91-12 processes in total in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 56 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Heat release of 67 and 89 processes is carried out by kilogram working medium, and the high-temperature part of the working mediumIs generally used for the heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for M 2 Ab Process and (M) in kilograms working substance 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 34 process is carried out in kilograms of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; m 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out two processes of 23 and 78 per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 +M 2 ) The 45-kilogram process is generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; m 2 The 6a and b3 processes are completed by an expander and provide mechanical energy, M 1 The process of 91 kg of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 8 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 6a, M with kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 Pressure and temperature rising process 57, M of kilogram working medium 1 78, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working media 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 1 Process 9c, M for cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 Decompression of kilogram working medium condensateProcedure c1 — 13 procedures in total.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-M 2 56 process heat release per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Kilogram working medium carries out heat release of 78 and 9c, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for M 2 Ab Process with kilogram working substance and (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of the 34 process is carried out in kilograms of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; m is a group of 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out three processes of 23, 57 and 89 per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 +M 2 ) The 45-kilogram process is generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; m 2 The 6a and b3 processes are completed by an expander and provide mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 9 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 2 56, M step-up and temperature-up process of kilogram working medium 2 Heat release and temperature reduction process 67,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process 7a, M with kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 58, M in the process of heat release and temperature reduction of kilogram working medium 1 89, M working medium kilogram pressure and temperature rise process 1 Process 9c, M for cooling by releasing heat of kilogram working medium, liquefying and cooling by releasing heat of condensate 1 And c1, 13 processes in total are carried out in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic process-M 2 67 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out the heat release of the 58 and 9c processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for M 2 Ab Process with kilogram working substance and (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of 34 processes is carried out by kilogram working media; wherein M is 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to low-temperature section heat release in the 9c process and can be used for M 1 The superheat requirement of the process is kilogram of working medium 12.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working media absorb heat in the 34 process, can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially met by regenerative heating, or can be completely met by regenerative heating; m 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Working with 23, 89 processes per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45 processes and M in kg of working medium 2 56 kilograms of working medium is generally completed by a compressor and requires mechanical energy; m 2 The process of 7a and b3 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram shown in fig. 10 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium carries out-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 2 45, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 2 56, M step-up and temperature-up process of kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 67, M 2 Decompression expansion process 7a, M with kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M heat absorption and temperature rise of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 48,M working medium pressure and temperature rising process 1 89 m, kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 1 Step-up and temperature-raising process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 Process cd, M of heat release and cooling of kilogram working medium, liquefaction and heat release and cooling of condensate 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium condensate decompression process d 1-14 processes in total.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process-M 2 67 process exotherms per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the 89 and cd processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 kg of working medium and M 2 The kilogram working medium is subjected to the heat requirements of the 45 and ab processes; wherein, M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out the low-temperature section heat release in the cd process and can be used for M 1 The superheat requirement of the process is kilogram of working medium 12.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; m 2 The heat requirement of kilogram of working media for 45 processes can be met by heat regeneration; m 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and is generally satisfied by heat return or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out three processes of 23, 48 and 9c per kilogram of working medium, and M 2 Kilogram working medium entersLine 56, which is typically accomplished by a compressor, requires mechanical energy; m 2 The process of 7a and b3 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram shown in fig. 11 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat and heats up 2 45, M working medium kilogram pressure rise and temperature rise process 2 56, M working medium kilogram heat release cooling process 2 Decompression expansion process 6a, M with kilogram working medium 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process of working medium kg b3, M 1 47, M working medium kilogram heat absorption temperature rise process 1 78, M step-up and temperature-rising process of kilogram working medium 1 89, M in the heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium 1 Step-up and temperature-raising process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 Process cd, M of heat release and cooling of kilogram working medium, liquefaction and heat release and cooling of condensate 1 And (4) a pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram working medium condensate, namely 14 processes.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic process-M 2 56 process heat release per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the 89 and cd processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 34 processes and M on kilogram working media 1 47 kg of working medium and M 2 The heat requirement of the ab process is carried out by kilogram working media; wherein M is 1 The kilogram working medium carries out the low-temperature section heat release in the cd process and can be used for M 1 The superheat requirement of the process is kilogram of working medium 12.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 Obtaining low-temperature heat load by carrying out 12 processes on kilogram working mediaThe load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working media absorb heat in the 34 process, can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially met by regenerative heating, or can be completely met by regenerative heating; m 1 The heat requirement of 47 kilograms of working media in the process can be met by heat regeneration; m is a group of 2 Heat absorption of kilogram working media in the ab process is generally met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out three processes of 23, 78 and 9c per kilogram of working medium, and M 2 45 kilograms of working medium is processed, generally completed by a compressor and needs mechanical energy; m 2 The 6a and b3 processes are completed by an expander and provide mechanical energy, M 1 The pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 12 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a process of heat release and temperature reduction 67 per kilogram of working medium, a process of pressure rise and temperature rise 47 per kilogram of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 78, M in the process of heat release and temperature reduction of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression expansion process of working medium kilogram 8a, M 2 Kilogram working medium heat absorption and temperature rise ab, M 2 Decompression expansion process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 89 m, kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 1 Step-up and temperature-raising process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 Process cd, M of heat release and cooling of kilogram working medium, liquefaction and heat release and cooling of condensate 1 And (4) a pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram working medium condensate, namely 15 processes.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 1 +M 2 X) Heat release from 67 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release of 78 processes per kilogram of working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium carries out heat release in the 89 and cd processes, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 process (M) is carried out by kilogram working medium 1 +M 2 -X) carrying out 45 processes per kilogram of working medium and M 2 The heat requirement of the ab process is carried out by kilogram working media; wherein M is 1 The kilogram working medium carries out the low-temperature section heat release in the cd process and can be used for M 1 Kilogram of superheat requirement of process with working fluid 12.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; (M) 1 +M 2 X) one kilogram of working medium absorbs heat in a 45-process mode, and the heat absorption can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially met by regenerative heating or completely met by regenerative heating; m is a group of 2 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat in the ab process, and the heat absorption can be met by heat regeneration or an external heat source.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Two processes 23, 9c are carried out per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 +M 2 -X) 56 courses with X kg of working substance and 47 courses with X kg of working substance, generally accomplished by a compressor, requiring mechanical energy; m 2 The process of 8a and b3 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M 1 The process of d1 performed by kilogram of working media can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 13 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium is used forM 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Step-up and temperature-up process 45 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 56, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t, M) with kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 78, (M) 1 + M) kg working medium heat release cooling, liquefaction and condensate heat release cooling process 8r, M kg working medium pressure reduction process rs, M kg working medium heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 R9, M in heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate 1 And (5) a step-down process 91 of kilogram working medium condensate, namely 14 processes.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process-in general, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 56 process heat release (M) per kilogram working medium 1 + M) kg working medium for 67 and 8r heat release, the high temperature part is generally used for heated medium, the low temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 34 kg of working medium and carrying out st process on M kg of working medium; m 1 The heat release of r9 process is carried out by kilogram of working medium condensate, and the method is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) And (5) heating the low-temperature section in the 34 processes by kilogram of working medium.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working media absorb heat in the 34 process, can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially met by regenerative heating, or can be completely met by regenerative heating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and the heat absorption is generally met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 23 processes by kg of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium is subjected to 78 processes, generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is required; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t and M) kg working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The process of 91 kilograms of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 14 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Step-up and temperature-up process 45 of kilogram working medium, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 56, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t, M) with kg working substance 2 Decompression expansion process t3 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 57, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release and temperature reduction process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 89, where (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 9r, M kg of working medium decompression process rs, M kg of working medium endothermic, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate heat release and temperature reduction process rc, M 1 C1, 15 processes in total in the pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate.
(2) From the aspect of energy conversion:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) exothermic heat of 56 processes per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium for 78 and 9r heat release, the high-temperature part is generally used for the heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) Carrying out 34 processes on kilograms of working media and carrying out the heat requirement of the st process on M kilograms of working media; m 1 The heat release of the rc process is carried out by kilogram of working medium condensate and is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) And (4) heating the low-temperature section of the 34-process by kilogram working medium.
(2) Endothermic process-in general，M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and the heat absorption is generally met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 23 processes by kg of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45 processes per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium is subjected to 57 and 89 processes, and is generally completed by a compressor, and mechanical energy is needed; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t and M) kg working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram shown in fig. 15 is performed as follows:
(1) From the circulation process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Step-up and temperature-up process 45 of kilogram working medium, (M) 2 -M) kg of working medium for the pressure and temperature rise 56, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 67, (M) 2 -M) working medium kg decompression expansion Process 7t,M 2 Decompression expansion process t3 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium exothermic cooling process 58, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 89, where (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium exothermic cooling, liquefaction and condensate exothermic cooling process 9r, M kg of working medium decompression process rs, M kg of working medium endothermic, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate heat release and cooling process rc, M 1 Pressure reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate c 1-15 in totalThe process.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) Heat release from 67 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 + M) heat release from 58, 9r processes with one kilogram of working medium, and M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate is subjected to the heat release of rc process, the high-temperature part is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) The heat requirement of 34 kilograms of working medium for the process and M kilograms of working medium for the st process.
(2) Endothermic processes-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and generally the requirement is met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 23 processes per kilogram of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45 processes are carried out by kilogram of working medium, (M) 2 -M) 56 processes are carried out per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium is subjected to 89 processes, which are generally completed by a compressor and require mechanical energy; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 7t and M with kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The pressure reduction process c1 of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working fluid vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 16 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium carries out-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 2 -M) Heat absorption temperature increase Process 45 with kilogram working Medium, (M) 2 -M) kilogramsWorking medium pressure and temperature rise 56, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium exothermic cooling process 67, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion Process 7t, M) with kilogram of working substance 2 Decompression expansion process t3 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 48, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium, heat release and cooling process cr, liquefaction and condensation heat release and cooling process cr, pressure reduction process rs of M kg of working medium, heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Rd, M heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate 1 And (4) a step d1 of depressurizing kilogram working medium condensate, namely 16 steps.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) Heat Release from 67 Processes with kg working Medium, (M) 1 + M) heat release from 89, cr process with kg working medium, and M 1 The kilogram working medium condensate is subjected to the heat release of the rd process, the high-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 process (M) is carried out by kilogram working medium 2 -M) heat requirement for 45 process with M kg of working fluid and st process with M kg of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; (M) 2 -M) the heat requirement for 45 processes per kilogram of working fluid, generally met by recuperation; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and generally the requirement is met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 23 processes by kg of working medium, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium for the two processes 48, 9c, and (M) 2 -M) 56 courses with kg of working medium, generally done by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 7t and M with kg working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3 is completed by an expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, M kilograms working mediumMass-mediated rs process and M 1 The pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 17 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat absorption temperature rise process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 45, (M) 2 -M) kg of working medium exothermic cooling process 56, (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t, M) with kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 47, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rise process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium, heat release and cooling process cr, liquefaction and condensation heat release and cooling process cr, pressure reduction process rs of M kg of working medium, heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Rd, M heat release and temperature reduction process of kilogram working medium condensate 1 And (4) a step d1 of depressurizing kilogram working medium condensate, namely 16 steps.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 2 M) Heat Release from 56 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium with heat release in the two processes 89 and cr, and M 1 The kilogram working medium condensate is subjected to the heat release of the rd process, the high-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 process (M) is carried out by kilogram working medium 1 + M) heat requirements for 47 process with M kg of working fluid and st process with M kg of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working media absorb heat in the 34 process, can be partially used for obtaining low-temperature heat load and partially met by regenerative heating, or can be completely met by regenerative heating; (M) 1 + M) kilogram of working medium carries on the heat demand of 47 processes, can be met by backheating; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process, and the heat absorption is generally met by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 23 processes by kg of working medium, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium for the two processes 78, 9c, and (M) 2 -M) 45 processes are carried out per kilogram of working medium, generally done by compressors, requiring mechanical energy; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 6t and M with kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram of working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of pressure reduction and expansion is less than the work consumption of pressure increase, and the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided by the outside to form a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle.
The reverse working fluid vapor combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 18 is performed as follows:
(1) From the cycle process:
working medium process-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure-rising and temperature-rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium endothermic heating process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kg of working medium for pressure and temperature raising 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a process of heat release and temperature reduction 67 per kilogram of working medium, a process of pressure rise and temperature rise 47 per kilogram of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 78, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium decompression expansion process 8t 2 Decompression expansion process t3 of kilogram working medium, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium heat release cooling process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure and temperature rising process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium, heat release and cooling process cr, liquefaction and condensation heat release and cooling process cr, pressure reduction process rs of M kg of working medium, heat absorption, vaporization and overheating process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium condensate heat release and temperature reduction process rd，M 1 And (4) a pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram working medium condensate, namely 17 processes.
(2) From the energy conversion perspective:
(1) exothermic Process- (M) 1 +M 2 X) Heat release from 67 Processes with kg of working fluid, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 78 process heat release (M) is carried out by kilogram working medium 1 + M) kg of working medium with heat release in the two processes 89 and cr, and M 1 The kilogram working medium condensate is subjected to the heat release of the rd process, the high-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for a heated medium, and the low-temperature part of the condensate is generally used for (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34 process (M) is carried out by kilogram working medium 1 +M 2 -X) heat requirement for 45 process with one kilogram of working fluid and st process with M kilogram of working fluid.
(2) Endothermic process-in general, M 1 The kilogram working medium is subjected to 12 processes to obtain low-temperature heat load, and the low-temperature heat load is provided by a refrigerated medium or a low-temperature heat source; (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram of working media absorbs heat in the 34 process, and part of the kilogram of working media is used for acquiring low-temperature heat load and part of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating, or all of the kilogram of working media is met by regenerative heating; (M) 1 +M 2 -X) 45 process endotherm with kg of working fluid, partly for obtaining low temperature heat load and partly satisfied by recuperation, or entirely satisfied by recuperation; m kilograms of working media absorb heat in the st process and can be satisfied by heat regeneration.
(3) Energy conversion Process-M 1 Carrying out 23 processes by kg of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) 56 processes per kilogram of working medium, X47 processes per kilogram of working medium, and (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium is processed by 9c process, generally completed by compressor, and needs mechanical energy; (M) 2 -M) decompression expansion process 8t and M) kg working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression expansion process t3 is completed by the expansion machine and provides mechanical energy, and M kilograms working medium carries out the rs process and M kilograms working medium 1 The d1 process of kilogram working medium can be completed by a turbine or a throttle valve; the work of decompression expansion is less than the work of boosting, the insufficient part (circulation net work) is provided from outside, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The reverse working medium steam combined cycle example in the T-s diagram of fig. 19 is performed as follows:
in the reverse single working fluid steam combined cycle example shown in FIG. 1, M is 1 The kilogram working medium pressure-increasing and temperature-increasing process 23 is changed into M 1 Boosting and heating process 2z, M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat absorption process z 3'; that is, M 1 23M by M in kilogram working medium pressure-increasing and temperature-increasing process 1 The kilogram working medium is replaced by 2z in the pressure and temperature rising process, and M is added 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat z3; m 1 The heat absorption of kilogram working media in the z3 process can be met by heat regeneration, and a reverse single working medium steam combined cycle is formed.
The effect that the technology of the invention can realize-the reverse single working medium steam combined cycle provided by the invention has the following effects and advantages:
(1) And a basic theory of mechanical energy refrigeration and heating utilization (energy difference utilization) is created.
(2) The heat load in the phase change heat release process is eliminated or greatly reduced, the heat release load in a high-temperature section is relatively increased, and the rationalization of the reverse cycle performance index is realized.
(3) The parameter range of the working medium is greatly expanded, and high-efficiency high-temperature heat supply is realized.
(4) Providing theoretical basis for reducing working pressure and improving the safety of the device.
(5) The cyclic compression ratio is reduced, and convenience is provided for selection and manufacture of core equipment.
(6) The method is simple, reasonable in flow and good in applicability, and is a common technology for realizing effective utilization of energy difference.
(7) The single working medium is beneficial to production and storage; reduce the running cost and improve the flexibility of circulation regulation
(8) The process is shared, the process is reduced, and a theoretical basis is provided for reducing equipment investment.
(9) In a high-temperature area or a variable-temperature area, the temperature difference heat transfer loss of a heat release link is reduced, and the performance index is improved.
(10) And a low-pressure operation mode is adopted in a high-temperature heat supply area, so that the contradiction between the performance index, the circulating medium parameter and the pressure and temperature resistance of the pipe in the traditional refrigeration and heat pump device is relieved or solved.
(11) On the premise of realizing high performance index, low-pressure operation can be selected, and theoretical support is provided for improving the operation safety of the device.
(12) The working medium has wide application range, can well adapt to energy supply requirements, and is flexibly matched with working parameters.
(13) The thermodynamic cycle range of the mechanical energy for efficiently utilizing cold and heat is expanded, and the efficient utilization of the mechanical energy in the fields of refrigeration, high-temperature heat supply and variable-temperature heat supply is favorably realized.

Claims (19)

1. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Ten processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 63, M 1 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, M 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And a kilogram working medium decompression process 91-a closed process.
2. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 63,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 57, M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
3. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, eleven processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 56, M 2 Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 73,M 1 58,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation process 9c, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
4. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, twelve processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 45, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat 2 56,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 2 Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 73,M 1 48,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 89,M 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
5. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of (kg) of (g) a respective or co-operating twelve processes-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 2 Decompression process with kilogram working medium 63,M 1 Kilogram (kilogram)Working medium heat absorption process 47, M 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M kilogram working medium heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
6. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working substances in kilogram composition, thirteen processes carried out individually or jointly or in part-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working substance endothermic Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, X kilogram working medium boost process 47, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 2 The kilogram working medium decompression process is 83,M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 89,M 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium depressurization process d 1-a closed process.
7. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of (kg) of (g) a respective or co-operating twelve processes-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Depressurization process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 Heat release process 67,M per kilogram of working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 78, M 1 89, M working medium kilogram heat release condensation process 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
8. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Heat release process 56,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 57, M 1 Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 89,M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
9. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Thirteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 56, M 2 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 2 Decompression process of 7a, M by kilogram of working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 58,M working medium kilogram heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, M 1 Exothermic condensation of kilogram of working fluid 9c, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
10. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, M 2 45, M kilogram working medium absorbs heat 2 56,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 2 Heat release process of kilogram working medium 67,M 2 Depressurization process of 7a, M with kilogram of working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 48,M step-up process of kilogram working medium 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process 89,M 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
11. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) 34, M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 45, M kilogram working medium pressure rising process 2 Kilogram working medium heat release process 56, M 2 Depressurization process 6a, M of kilogram working medium 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process of b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 47,M kilogram working medium heat absorption process 1 Boosting process 78, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M kilogram working medium heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
12. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, fifteen processes carried out separately or together or partially-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working substance endothermic Process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) a heat release process with 67 kg of working medium, a pressure rise process with 47 kg of working medium, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Heat release process 78,M of kilogram working medium 2 Decompression process of working medium per kilogram 8a, M 2 Ab, M of kilogram working medium heat absorption process 2 Decompression process b3, M with kilogram working medium 1 89, M kilogram working medium heat release process 1 Kilogram working medium boost process 9c, M 1 Heat releasing condensation process cd, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
13. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, fourteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 8r, M kilogram working medium decompression process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Heat release process r9, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (5) a kilogram working medium depressurization process 91-a closed process.
14. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 57, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic steamChemical process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
15. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms, fifteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 56, (M) 2 M) kilogram working substance exothermic Process 67, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 7t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 58, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic condensation process 9r, M kilogram working medium depressurization process rs, M kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rc, M 1 And (c 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
16. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, is formed from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, sixteen processes-M carried out separately or together 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram of working medium endotherm 45, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 56, (M) 2 M) kilogram working substance exothermic Process 67, (M) 2 -M) depressurization Process 7t,M with kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boosting process 48, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boosting process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium heat-releasing condensation process cr, M kg of working medium decompression process rs, M kg of working medium heat-absorbing vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium exothermic process rd, M 1 And (4) a kilogram working medium depressurization process d 1-a closed process.
17. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilograms of composition, sixteen processes carried out separately or together-M 1 Kilogram working medium endothermic vaporization process 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium pressure rising process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 45, (M) 2 M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 56, (M) 2 -M) depressurization of 6t, M) kg of working medium 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium endothermic process 47, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boost process 78, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 89, and (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium boosting process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium heat-releasing condensation process cr, M kg of working medium decompression process rs, M kg of working medium heat-absorbing vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium exothermic process rd, M 1 And (d 1) a kilogram working medium depressurization process, namely a closed process.
18. Reverse single working medium steam combined cycle, meaning from M 1 Kilogram and M 2 Working medium composed of kilogram, seventeen processes carried out separately or together or partially-M 1 The kilogram working medium absorbs heat and is vaporized 12,M 1 Kilogram working medium boosting process 23, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium endothermic process 34, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram of working fluid endotherm 45, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium pressure boosting Process 56, (M) 1 +M 2 -X) kilogram working medium exothermic process 67, X kilogram working medium boost process 47, (M) 1 +M 2 ) Kilogram working medium exothermic process 78, (M) 2 -M) kilogram working medium depressurization process 8t 2 Kilogram working medium depressurization process t3, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium exothermic process 89, (M) 1 + M) kilogram working medium pressure rise process 9c, (M) 1 + M) kg of working medium heat-releasing condensation process cr, M kg of working medium pressure-reducing process rs, M kg of working medium heat-absorbing vaporization process st, M 1 Kilogram working medium heat release process rd, M 1 Pressure reduction process d1 of kilogram working medium-closed process of composition。
19. A reverse single-working-medium steam combined cycle, wherein "M" is contained in any one of the reverse single-working-medium steam combined cycles of claims 1 to 18 1 Step-up process 23 ' changing to ' M ' for kilogram working medium 1 Boosting process 2z, M of kilogram working medium 1 And (3) obtaining a corresponding reverse single working medium steam combined cycle in a kilogram working medium heat absorption process z3 ″.
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