CN111541280B - Power grid wind power maximum permeability evaluation method considering static voltage stability constraint - Google Patents
Power grid wind power maximum permeability evaluation method considering static voltage stability constraint Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
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Abstract
The invention provides a power grid wind power maximum permeability evaluation method considering static voltage stability constraint aiming at the problem of static voltage stability of large-scale wind power centralized grid connection. The evaluation process calculates the static voltage stability margin of each load node in a mode of replacing thermal power by wind power and other capacity, and circularly calculates to obtain the maximum replacement capacity of the wind power by taking zero as a threshold value, namely the maximum permeability of the wind power at the moment. By adopting the method, the influence of the static voltage stability constraint on the maximum permeability of the wind power can be taken into account, and important basis can be provided for the maximum consumption of the wind power and the planning of regional wind power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy grid connection and voltage stability evaluation, and relates to a power grid wind power maximum permeability evaluation method considering static voltage stability constraint.
Background
Wind power is a new energy power generation technology which is developed most mature and has the best economic benefit at present. However, the wind speed is an uncontrollable random variable, which directly affects the active power output and reactive power absorption of the wind power plant, and the threat of wind power integration to the safety and stability of the power system is increased along with the gradual increase of the wind power permeability. After the high-proportion wind power is connected, the system voltage is broken down. Therefore, under the constraint of static voltage safety and stability, the maximum wind power permeability of a certain area needs to be effectively evaluated, and a basis is provided for planning design and scheduling control of a power grid so as to ensure the safety and stability of the operation of a power system.
At present, research is mainly carried out on three aspects of influence mechanism, influence factors, relieving strategies and the like of wind power access on static voltage stability aiming at the problem of static voltage safety and stability of wind power grid connection. The mitigation strategy usually needs to construct a static voltage stability evaluation index first, and after mitigation measures are given, the change conditions of the indexes are compared. However, for a power grid dispatching operation department, not only the measures for improving the static voltage stability of the power grid need to be mastered, but also the maximum proportion of wind power that can be accessed by the current power grid needs to be mastered urgently, so that a basis is provided for planning design and dispatching control of the power grid. If the maximum capacity evaluation method for wind power grid connection in the power system under the static voltage stability constraint condition can be established by combining the static voltage stability evaluation index established in the mitigation strategy, the method has important guiding significance for maximum wind power consumption and regional wind power planning.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of evaluating the maximum permeability of the wind power of the power grid under the static voltage stability constraint condition, the invention provides a method for evaluating the maximum permeability of the wind power of the power grid according to the running state data of the power grid and the static voltage stability margin index.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a power grid wind power maximum permeability evaluation method considering static voltage stability constraint comprises the following steps:
step (1), gradually increasing the capacity of wind power centralized grid connection, and simultaneously replacing thermal power with equal capacity;
step (2), carrying out load flow calculation on the power grid, and collecting data of the running state of the power grid on line;
step (3), based on the collected power grid operation state data, calculating the static voltage stability margin L of each load node according to a static voltage stability margin index calculation method based on a line power operation curve i So as to obtain the static voltage stability margin a of the whole system;
step (4), zero is used as a threshold value, if a is larger than 0, the step (1) is returned, and the wind power centralized grid-connected capacity is continuously increased step by step; if a is less than or equal to 0, entering the step (5);
step (5), returning to the maximum wind power replacement capacity at the moment;
and (6) calculating according to a permeability calculation formula to obtain the maximum permeability of the wind power of the power grid under the constraint condition of stable static voltage.
Further, the grid operation state data in the step (2) includes: voltage amplitude U of ith node in power grid i And phase angle theta i The apparent power S flowing through the nth line end node j is P + Q, and the topology data of the power grid at this time, where Q is the reactive power flowing through the branch end node, and P is the active power flowing through the branch end node.
Further, the topological structure data of the power grid comprises line impedance Z L Is R L +jX L First end to end admittance to ground jB L /2。
Further, the static voltage stability margin index calculation method based on the line power operation curve is analyzed based on a two-node line model, wherein in the model, a node i (node i) is a head-end node, and the voltage is U i ∠θ i I.e. byNode j (Nodej) is an end node and has a voltage of U j ∠θ j I.e. byLine impedance Z L Is R L +jX L The admittance from the head end to the ground is jB L /2, the current flowing through the end node of the line is I L The apparent power S is P + jQ;
the calculation method comprises the following steps:
calculating the voltage of the node i:
calculate the current flowing through the end node:
let a 1 =1-B L X L /2,a 2 =B L R L /2,b 1 =R L ,b 2 =X L Then, the formula (1) becomes:
expanding the formula (3) according to the real part and the imaginary part, thereby eliminating the voltage angle difference theta between the head end and the tail end of the branch ij Obtaining:
wherein c is 1 =a 1 2 +a 2 2 ,c 2 =2a 1 b 1 +2a 2 b 2 ,c 3 =2a 1 b 2 -2a 2 b 1 ,c 4 =b 1 2 +b 2 2 ;
Equation (4) relates to end node U j 2 A quadratic equation of unity of (c); according to Δ ═ b 2 -4ac ═ 0, formula (4) then converting to:
the formula (5) shows that if the reactive power Q and the active power P flowing through the tail end node of the branch are used as the abscissa and the ordinate;
defining the static voltage stability margin d of the line n n Comprises the following steps:
calculating the quiescent voltage stability margin L of the load node i by i :
L i =min(d 1 ,d 2 ,......,d N ) (7)
Namely, the static voltage stability margin value of the load node is the minimum line static voltage stability margin in all the nodes taking the node as the tail end node;
the quiescent voltage stability margin a of the entire system is calculated by:
a=min(L 1 ,L 2 ,......,L N ) (8)
i.e., the load node quiescent voltage stability margin for which the quiescent voltage stability margin value of the system is at a minimum.
Further, in the step (6), the permeability calculation formula is as follows:
among them, Wind penetration Is the wind permeability, S i wp Rated capacity of the ith wind power plant, N is the number of wind power plants, P pl The active power at peak load.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the method provided by the invention considers the constraint effect of static voltage stability on the maximum permeability of the wind power of the power grid, starts with the mechanism of influence on the static voltage stability after the wind power is centralized and connected to the power grid, combines the static voltage stability margin index based on the line power operation curve, and calculates by collecting the power grid operation state data on line, so that the static voltage stability of the key node of the power grid is evaluated, and important basis can be provided for the maximum consumption of the wind power and the planning of regional wind power.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-node line model;
FIG. 3 is a line power operating curve;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing comparison of static voltage stability margin values of load nodes before and after wind power is added to a node 29 in an IEEE 39 node system;
fig. 5 is a static voltage stability margin variation trend graph when wind power permeability of a node 29 connected in an IEEE 39 node system is continuously increased.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples, and it should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for evaluating the maximum permeability of the grid wind power considering the static voltage stability constraint provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
step (1), gradually increasing the capacity of wind power centralized grid connection, and simultaneously replacing thermal power with equal capacity;
step (2), carrying out load flow calculation on the power grid, and collecting data of the running state of the power grid on line;
the power grid operation state data mainly comprises a voltage amplitude value U of the ith node in the power grid i And phase angle theta i Apparent power S + Q flowing through the nth line end node j, and topology data of the power grid at that time, including line impedance Z L Is R L +jX L First end to end admittance to ground jB L A/2, wherein Q is the reactive power flowing through the branch end node, and P is the active power flowing through the branch end node;
step (3), based on the collected power grid operation state data, calculating the static voltage stability margin L of each load node according to a static voltage stability margin index calculation method based on a line power operation curve i So as to obtain the static voltage stability margin a of the whole system;
the method for calculating the static voltage stability margin index based on the line power operation curve is characterized in that a line model of two nodes, which are basic constituent units of a power grid topology as shown in fig. 2, is used for analysis. In the figure, node i (node i) is the head end node, and the voltage isNode j (Nodej) is an end node and has a voltage ofLine impedance Z L Is R L +jX L The admittance from the head end to the ground is jB L /2, the current flowing through the end node of the line is I L The apparent power S is P + jQ. The voltage equation for node i is therefore:
wherein the current flowing through the end node is:
let a 1 =1-B L X L /2,a 2 =B L R L /2,b 1 =R L ,b 2 =X L Then, the formula (1) becomes:
expanding the formula (3) according to the real part and the imaginary part, thereby eliminating the voltage angle difference theta between the head end and the tail end of the branch ij Obtaining:
wherein c is 1 =a 1 2 +a 2 2 ,c 2 =2a 1 b 1 +2a 2 b 2 ,c 3 =2a 1 b 2 -2a 2 b 1 ,c 4 =b 1 2 +b 2 2 。
Equation (4) relates to end node U j 2 A quadratic equation of one unit of (c). When the system is operating under normal conditions, U j There are two true root, the larger of whichRoot U of j H Is a stable solution, smaller root U j L Is an unstable solution, when the system reaches the voltage stability limit, U j H And U j L To the same value, called the critical point voltage U j cr . According to Δ ═ b 2 -4ac ═ 0, formula (4) then converting to:
equation (5) shows that equation (5) is a rotating parabola as shown in fig. 3, taking the reactive power Q and the active power P flowing through the branch end node as abscissa and ordinate.
Wherein (Q) 0 ,P 0 ) For power data of initial operating state of the system, (Q) cr ,P cr ) The point can be derived according to the rotational parabola theory for the power data of the operating state with the shortest distance from the initial operating point on the line power operating curve.
Defining the static voltage stability margin d of the line n n Comprises the following steps:
the quiescent voltage stability margin L of the load node i in step (3) i Comprises the following steps:
L i =min(d 1 ,d 2 ,......,d N ) (7)
that is, the static voltage stability margin value of the load node is the minimum line static voltage stability margin among all the nodes taking the node as the end node.
The static voltage stability margin a of the whole system in the step (3) is:
a=min(L 1 ,L 2 ,......,L N ) (8)
i.e., the load node quiescent voltage stability margin for which the quiescent voltage stability margin value of the system is at a minimum.
Step (4), zero is used as a threshold value, if a is larger than 0, the step (1) is returned, and the wind power centralized grid-connected capacity is continuously increased step by step; if a is less than or equal to 0, entering the step (5);
since the risk of system voltage collapse is greater as the static voltage stability margin of the system is closer to zero. Therefore, zero is used as a threshold value, the static voltage of the system is stable when the threshold value is larger than zero, and the static voltage of the system is unstable when the threshold value is smaller than or equal to zero, and the threshold value is used as a standard for judging whether the wind power grid-connected capacity reaches the maximum.
Step (5), returning to the maximum wind power replacement capacity at the moment;
and (6) calculating according to a permeability calculation formula to obtain the maximum permeability of the wind power of the power grid under the constraint condition of stable static voltage.
Considering the actual running condition of the power grid in China, the wind power permeability is defined as the ratio of the rated capacity of the wind power plant accessed by the system to the maximum load of the system, namely, the wind power permeability is based on the following equation:
among them, Wind penetration Is the wind power permeability, S i wp Rated capacity of the ith wind power plant, N is the number of wind power plants, P pl The active power at peak load.
Example (c):
wind power with the permeability of 30% is connected to a node 29 of an IEEE 39 node system, and the change condition of the static voltage stability margin value of each load node in the IEEE 39 node system before and after the wind power is connected is analyzed, as shown in FIG. 4, so as to verify the effectiveness of the static voltage stability margin index based on the line power operation curve. The result shows that after the wind power is intensively accessed, the static voltage stability margin of each load node is reduced. The static voltage stability margin value of the node 29 in the initial operation state is 0.3525 at the minimum, namely the static voltage stability of the node in the initial operation state is the worst, and the static voltage stability is further reduced after wind power is connected. If the system load increases gradually, the node is prone to voltage collapse first.
The wind power maximum permeability of node 29 is then evaluated as follows, with the results shown in FIG. 5.
(1) The capacity of the wind power centralized grid connection of the node 29 is gradually increased, and thermal power is replaced by equal capacity;
(2) carrying out load flow calculation on an IEEE 39 node system, and collecting data of the running state of the system on line;
(3) based on the collected system running state data, calculating the static voltage stability margin L of each load node according to a static voltage stability margin index calculation method based on a line power running curve i So as to obtain the static voltage stability margin a of the whole system;
(4) if a is greater than 0, returning to the step (1) to continue to gradually increase the wind power centralized grid-connected capacity; if a is less than or equal to 0, entering the step (5);
(5) returning to the maximum wind power replacement capacity at the moment;
(6) and calculating according to a permeability calculation formula to obtain the maximum permeability of the wind power of the power grid under the constraint condition of stable static voltage.
Fig. 5 is a static voltage stability margin variation trend diagram when the wind power permeability of the node 29 connected in the IEEE 39 node system is continuously increased, and the graphical result shows that the static voltage stability margin value of the wind power access node is continuously decreased with the increase of the wind power permeability, and the wind power maximum permeability evaluation result of the node 29 is 32.6%.
The technical means disclosed in the invention scheme are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include the technical scheme formed by any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A power grid wind power maximum permeability evaluation method considering static voltage stability constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), gradually increasing the capacity of wind power centralized grid connection, and simultaneously replacing thermal power with equal capacity;
step (2), carrying out load flow calculation on the power grid, and collecting data of the power grid operation state on line; the power grid operation state data in the step (2) comprises the following steps: voltage amplitude U of ith node in power grid i And phase angle theta i The apparent power S flowing through the nth line end node j is P + Q, and the topological structure data of the power grid at the moment, wherein Q is the reactive power flowing through the branch end node, and P is the active power flowing through the branch end node; the topology data of the power grid comprises line impedance Z L Is R L +jX L First end to end admittance to ground jB L /2;
Step (3), based on the collected power grid operation state data, calculating the static voltage stability margin L of each load node according to a static voltage stability margin index calculation method based on a line power operation curve i So as to obtain the static voltage stability margin a of the whole system;
a static voltage stability margin index calculation method based on a line power operation curve is analyzed based on a line model of two nodes, wherein in the model, a node i is a head end node, and the voltage is U i ∠θ i I.e. byNode j is the end node and the voltage is U j ∠θ j I.e. byLine impedance Z L Is R L +jX L The admittance from the head end to the ground is jB L /2, the current flowing through the end node of the line is I L The apparent power S is P + jQ;
the calculation method comprises the following steps:
calculating the voltage of the node i:
calculate the current flowing through the end node:
let a 1 =1-B L X L /2,a 2 =B L R L /2,b 1 =R L ,b 2 =X L Then, the formula (1) becomes:
expanding the formula (3) according to the real part and the imaginary part, thereby eliminating the voltage angle difference theta between the head end and the tail end of the branch ij Obtaining:
wherein c is 1 =a 1 2 +a 2 2 ,c 2 =2a 1 b 1 +2a 2 b 2 ,c 3 =2a 1 b 2 -2a 2 b 1 ,c 4 =b 1 2 +b 2 2 ;
Equation (4) relates to end node U j 2 A quadratic equation of unity of (c); according to Δ ═ b 2 -4ac ═ 0, formula (4) then converting to:
the formula (5) shows that if the reactive power Q and the active power P flowing through the tail end node of the branch are used as the abscissa and the ordinate;
defining the static voltage stability margin d of the line n n Comprises the following steps:
calculating the quiescent voltage stability margin L of the load node i by i :
L i =min(d 1 ,d 2 ,......,d N ) (7)
That is, the static voltage stability margin value of the load node is the minimum line static voltage stability margin in all the nodes which are used as tail end nodes;
the static voltage stability margin a of the whole system is calculated by the following formula:
a=min(L 1 ,L 2 ,......,L N ) (8)
namely the static voltage stability margin of the load node with the minimum static voltage stability margin value of the system;
step (4), zero is used as a threshold value, if a is larger than 0, the step (1) is returned, and the wind power centralized grid-connected capacity is continuously increased step by step; if a is less than or equal to 0, entering the step (5);
step (5), returning to the maximum wind power replacement capacity at the moment;
and (6) calculating according to a permeability calculation formula to obtain the maximum permeability of the wind power of the power grid under the constraint condition of stable static voltage.
2. The method for evaluating the maximum permeability of the grid wind power considering the static voltage stability constraint according to claim 1, wherein in the step (6), the permeability calculation formula is as follows:
among them, Wind penetration Is the wind permeability, S i wp Rated capacity of the ith wind power plant, N is the number of wind power plants, P pl The active power at peak load.
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