CN112270446B - Planning method for current collection system of direct current offshore wind power plant in series-parallel connection mode - Google Patents

Planning method for current collection system of direct current offshore wind power plant in series-parallel connection mode Download PDF

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CN112270446B
CN112270446B CN202011210937.3A CN202011210937A CN112270446B CN 112270446 B CN112270446 B CN 112270446B CN 202011210937 A CN202011210937 A CN 202011210937A CN 112270446 B CN112270446 B CN 112270446B
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黄玲玲
刘阳
符杨
魏书荣
刘璐洁
米阳
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State Grid Shanghai Electric Power Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a planning method of a current collection system of a direct current offshore wind power plant in a series-parallel connection mode, which comprises the following steps: 1) Constructing a wind discarding power model of the offshore wind farm under the serial-parallel connection line; 2) Constructing an optimization model of a direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm by considering the wind curtailment power; 3) Performing topology optimization of a DC serial-parallel connection line mode of the offshore wind farm; 4) And 3) calculating the total cost of the whole life cycle under a given topology wiring mode according to the optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collecting system of the offshore wind farm until a topology structure with the minimum total cost is obtained, otherwise, returning to the step 3) to perform topology optimization. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of considering the running characteristics of the direct current series-parallel wind power plant, being better in economical efficiency, meeting the actual engineering requirements and the like.

Description

Planning method for current collection system of direct current offshore wind power plant in series-parallel connection mode
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planning of direct current offshore wind farms, in particular to a method for planning a series-parallel connection type current collection system of a direct current offshore wind farm.
Background
The offshore wind energy has rich resources and high power generation efficiency, and the offshore wind power has rapid development in recent years, and has become one of new growth points and main directions for the global renewable energy development. According to the latest data of the global wind energy Association GWEC, the global total installed capacity of the offshore wind power reaches 27.25GW by the end of 2019. The power supply ratio of the offshore wind power installation of the united kingdom and the netherlands in the power grid of the offshore wind power installation is as high as 25.8% and 35%, respectively. The installed capacity of the offshore wind power in China breaks through 5GW in 2019, and is the third in the world.
From the current global situation of offshore wind power development and planning, offshore wind power development is gradually advancing from offshore to deep sea. The conventional scheme of carrying out alternating current convergence on wind energy and then carrying out remote transmission is applied to the problems that transmission loss in the convergence process and huge construction cost of an offshore platform can be brought. One direction of research to solve this problem is to connect the dc output voltages of the wind turbines in series to reach the remote transmission voltage. Current collection systems in the direct current series-parallel mode of offshore wind farms are receiving increasing attention.
However, unlike existing offshore wind farm collector system planning, the dc series-parallel collector system mainly has the following two new problems:
1) The voltage of the offshore wind turbines is increased in a direct current series connection mode, the connection mode is similar to the battery series connection lifting voltage, so that the ground voltage of each wind turbine in the same string is different, the insulation requirements of the sea cables at different positions in the same string are different, the voltage level of the sea cables is the same in the planning of the existing other current collecting system structure, and the constraint of the sea cable current-carrying capacity only needs to be considered. For the series-parallel current collection system, not only the conventional sea cable current-carrying capacity constraint, but also the sea cable voltage insulation requirement constraint are considered;
2) The series-parallel connection current collection system can cause wind power plant wind disposal, on one hand, the operation process of the offshore wind power plant is influenced by short-term wind speed fluctuation, on the other hand, the operation process of the offshore wind power plant is also influenced by long-term wind speed and wind direction imbalance, the short-term and long-term wind speed difference can lead the offshore wind power plant connected in series-parallel to generate certain wind disposal, the existing research and method solve the wind disposal problem caused by short-term wind speed fluctuation from the angles of controlling and adding electric elements, and the wind disposal phenomenon caused by long-term wind resource imbalance can not be well solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a planning method of a current collection system of a direct current offshore wind power plant in a series-parallel connection mode, which is used for realizing that the running characteristic of the direct current series-parallel wind power plant is fully considered while the low-cost access to a power grid is pursued, and realizing the overall economical efficiency optimization from the perspective of the whole life cycle.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
a planning method for a current collection system of a direct current offshore wind farm in a series-parallel connection mode comprises the following steps:
1) Constructing a wind discarding power model of the offshore wind farm under the serial-parallel connection line;
2) Constructing an optimization model of a direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm by considering the wind curtailment power;
3) Performing topology optimization of a DC serial-parallel connection line mode of the offshore wind farm;
4) And 3) calculating the total cost of the whole life cycle under a given topology wiring mode according to the optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collecting system of the offshore wind farm until a topology structure with the minimum total cost is obtained, otherwise, returning to the step 3) to perform topology optimization.
In the step 1), the expression of the wind discarding capacity model of the offshore wind farm under the serial-parallel connection line is as follows:
Figure BDA0002758797610000021
wherein ,Ecur is Waste wind power of wind farm, P ideal，j For the ideal output power of the j-th string, P stack，J For the j-th string of actual output power, t is the time scale and m is the total string number.
In the abandoned wind power model of the offshore wind power plant under the serial-parallel connection line, the ideal output power P of the jth string ideal，J The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure BDA0002758797610000022
Figure BDA0002758797610000023
wherein ,
Figure BDA0002758797610000024
u is the output power of the fan with voltage out-of-limit in the jth series of fans limit As a voltage limit value, the voltage is set,
Figure BDA0002758797610000025
for the output power of the fan without voltage out-of-limit in the jth series of fans, U stack And k is the number of fans with voltage out-of-limit in the jth series of fans, r0 represents the fans with voltage out-of-limit, and s represents the fans without voltage out-of-limit.
Said voltage limit value U limit The rated voltage is 1.2 times.
In the step 2), the objective function of the optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm is that the cost C of sea cable investment is included invest And the abandoned wind loss cost C loss I.e. the total cost under full life cycle C, there is:
Min C＝C invest +C loss 。
sea cable investment cost C invest The expression of (2) is:
Figure BDA0002758797610000031
wherein ,C0 For initial sea cable investment, r is annual rate, p' is annual rate of return, and T is the full life cycle of the wind farm.
Cost of wind disposal loss C loss The expression of (2) is:
C loss ＝E cur ·cp
wherein cp is the offshore wind power online electricity price.
In the step 2), constraint conditions of the optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm comprise:
I lmax ≤K l ·I l0
Figure BDA0002758797610000032
Figure BDA0002758797610000033
/>
Figure BDA0002758797610000034
wherein ,Ilmax For maximum continuous current of sea cable, K l Correction coefficient for long-term current-carrying capacity of submarine cable, I l0 For long-term current-carrying capacity of submarine cable S lmin Minimum section required for submarine cable short-circuit thermal stability, I l∞ Is sea cable steady state short circuit current, t l C is the sea cable short-circuit time constant lr Is the thermal stability coefficient of the submarine cable,
Figure BDA0002758797610000035
for the minimum insulation required voltage of the submarine cable gamma, n gamma is the position of the submarine cable gamma, U WT For the direct voltage output by the fan, F sx and Fsy Representing a collection of different fan nodes connected across the submarine cable.
The whole life cycle T of the wind power plant is 20 years.
In the above-mentioned constraint condition,
Figure BDA0002758797610000036
is used for ensuring that submarine cables are not laid in a crossing way.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
aiming at the problem of planning a direct current series-parallel connection current collection system of an offshore wind farm, a wind discarding capacity model in a series-parallel connection line mode is creatively constructed, meanwhile, sea cable voltage insulation requirement constraint is included in an optimization model and an optimization process, the sum of sea cable investment cost and wind discarding cost of the wind farm in a whole life cycle is taken as an objective function, the current collection system planning in the series-parallel connection mode of the direct current offshore wind farm is established, the operation characteristic of the direct current series-parallel connection wind farm is fully considered, the overall economical efficiency is optimal from the perspective of the whole life cycle, the economical efficiency is better, the influence of sea cable insulation requirements in different positions in consideration of constraint is also considered, and the practical engineering requirement is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an offshore wind farm.
Fig. 2 is a wind resource data wind direction rose diagram.
Fig. 3 is an optimization flow chart.
Fig. 4 shows different topology optimization results, wherein fig. 4a shows the result of the existing method division 3 string, fig. 4b shows the result of the existing method division 5 string, fig. 4a shows the result of the method division 3 string, and fig. 4a shows the result of the method division 5 string.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
The invention provides a method for planning a current collection system of a direct current offshore wind farm in a series-parallel connection mode, which aims to construct a series-parallel connection offshore wind farm wind curtailment electric quantity model, fully considers the influence possibly caused by a planning result on the operation of the wind farm in the stage of planning the wind farm current collection system, and seeks the optimal planning of the direct current series-parallel connection current collection system of the offshore wind farm from the perspective of optimal cost of the whole life cycle. According to the method, an optimization model and a method of a direct current series-parallel connection current collection system of the offshore wind farm are established, the output of each wind motor set under ideal conditions is obtained through historical wind resource data and wind farm fan data, then topological optimization is carried out in a series-parallel connection line mode, the wind discarding loss of the wind farm is calculated in a given topological wiring mode, the total cost under the whole life cycle is obtained, iterative optimization is carried out until a topological structure with the minimum cost is obtained, and a specific flow chart is shown in fig. 3.
The specific description is as follows:
firstly, constructing a wind discarding capacity model of an offshore wind farm under a serial-parallel connection line, wherein the wind discarding capacity model is shown in formulas (1) - (3);
Figure BDA0002758797610000041
Figure BDA0002758797610000042
/>
Figure BDA0002758797610000043
in the formula ：
Figure BDA0002758797610000044
the output power of the fan with voltage out-of-limit in the j-th string is represented; u (U) limit Taking 1.2 times of rated voltage as a voltage limit value; />
Figure BDA0002758797610000045
Outputting power for the fan without voltage out-of-limit in the j-th string; u (U) stack Representing the output voltage of a string of fans; k is the number of fans with voltage out-of-limit in the jth string; p (P) stack，j Actual output power for the j-th string; e (E) cur The wind power is the abandoned wind power quantity of the wind power plant; p (P) ideal，j Ideal output power for the j-th string; t is the time scale;
and then, establishing an optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm, wherein an objective function mainly comprises sea cable investment cost and abandoned wind loss cost, and the optimization model is specifically shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1 model cost decomposition
C Cost formation
C invest Sea cable investment cost over the life cycle (20 years)
C loss Cost of wind loss in life cycle (20 years)
The specific optimization model is shown in formulas (4) to (10).
Min C＝C invest +C loss (4)
Figure BDA0002758797610000051
C loss ＝E cur ·cp (6)
s.t.I lmax ≤K l ·I l0 (7)
Figure BDA0002758797610000052
Figure BDA0002758797610000053
Figure BDA0002758797610000054
in the formula ：C0 Investment for initial submarine cable; r is annual rate; p' is annual rate of return; t is the full life cycle (20 years) of the wind farm; cp is the offshore wind power internet electricity price; i lmax Is the maximum continuous current of the submarine cable; k (K) l The coefficient is corrected for the long-term current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable; i l0 The long-term current-carrying capacity of the submarine cable is represented; s is S lmin Needs for thermal stabilization of submarine cable short circuitIs a minimum cross section of (2); i l∞ The sea cable steady state short circuit current; t is t l The time constant is the submarine cable short-circuit time constant; c (C) lr Is the thermal stability coefficient of the submarine cable;
Figure BDA0002758797610000055
the minimum insulation required voltage of the submarine cable gamma; n is n γ Representing the position of submarine cable gamma; u (U) WT The direct current voltage is output by the fan; f (F) sx and Fsy Representing a collection of different fan nodes connected at both ends of the submarine cable, the purpose of equation (10) is to ensure that the submarine cable is not laid cross-wise.
Examples
In this example, a total of 15 fans of the offshore wind farm shown in fig. 1 are selected, the outlet voltage of the fans is 50kV dc, and the pitch of the fans is about 7 times the diameter of the wind wheel.
(1) Topology analysis
The planning result of the existing optimization method is shown in a figure (4 a) and a figure (4 b); with the optimization method provided by the invention, the obtained results are shown in fig. 4c and 4d, when the serial-parallel connection current collection system is optimized by the existing optimization method without considering the cost of the abandoned wind, the wind power plant sea cable wiring tends to be from northwest to southeast and is approximately perpendicular to the connection direction of the land converter station and the wind power plant, but if the optimization method provided by the invention is used, the sea cable wiring tends to be from southwest to northeast and is approximately perpendicular to the dominant wind direction of the wind power plant, and in fig. 2, the dominant wind direction of the wind power plant is north wind and south wind.
(2) Cost analysis
As can be seen from table 1, the optimizing method provided by the present patent has less total cost than the existing method under the condition of different fractional strings, and the sea cable investment cost slightly increases as soon as possible, but the total cost in the whole life cycle can be optimized due to the great reduction of the abandoned wind loss.
Table 1 cost analysis of different results
Figure BDA0002758797610000061
(3) Submarine cable usage analysis
For the two methods, submarine cable usage analysis was performed, and specific data are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 sea Cable dosage conditions for different schemes
Figure BDA0002758797610000062
/>
Figure BDA0002758797610000071
As can be seen from table 2: 1) The sea cable is more used in the method proposed by the patent. 2) Compared with the existing optimization method, the method provided by the patent uses more high-voltage-class submarine cables.
According to the case, the method provided by the patent is effective and feasible, the abandoned wind loss caused by unreasonable design of the current collecting system can be effectively reduced, and guidance is provided for the construction of a offshore wind power direct current access system in the open sea in the future.

Claims (3)

1. A planning method for a current collection system of a direct current offshore wind farm in a series-parallel connection mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Constructing a wind discarding power model of the offshore wind farm under the serial-parallel connection line;
2) Constructing an optimization model of a direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm by considering the wind curtailment power;
3) Performing topology optimization of a DC serial-parallel connection line mode of the offshore wind farm;
4) Calculating the total cost of the whole life cycle under a given topology wiring mode according to the optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collecting system of the offshore wind farm until a topology structure with the minimum total cost is obtained, otherwise, returning to the step 3) to perform topology optimization;
in the step 1), the expression of the wind discarding capacity model of the offshore wind farm under the serial-parallel connection line is as follows:
Figure FDA0004139665500000011
wherein ,Ecur Is the abandoned wind power quantity of the wind power plant, P ideal,j For the ideal output power of the j-th string, P stack,j The actual output power of the jth string is t, t is a time scale, and m is the total string number;
in the abandoned wind power model of the offshore wind power plant under the serial-parallel connection line, the ideal output power P of the jth string ideal,j The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
Figure FDA0004139665500000012
Figure FDA0004139665500000013
wherein ,
Figure FDA0004139665500000014
u is the output power of the fan with voltage out-of-limit in the jth series of fans limit Is the voltage limit value, +.>
Figure FDA0004139665500000015
For the output power of the fan without voltage out-of-limit in the jth series of fans, U stack The output voltage of a series of fans is k, the number of fans with voltage out-of-limit in the jth series of fans is k, r0 represents the fans with voltage out-of-limit, and s represents the fans without voltage out-of-limit;
said voltage limit value U limit Rated voltage with the value of 1.2 times;
in the step 2), the objective function of the optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm is that the cost C of sea cable investment is included invest And the abandoned wind loss cost C loss I.e. the total cost under full life cycle C, there is:
Min C＝C invest +C loss
sea cable investment cost C invest The expression of (2) is:
Figure FDA0004139665500000021
wherein ,C0 For initial sea cable investment, r is annual rate, p' is annual rate of return, and T is the full life cycle of the wind farm;
cost of wind disposal loss C loss The expression of (2) is:
C loss ＝E cur ·cp
wherein cp is the offshore wind power online electricity price;
in the step 2), constraint conditions of the optimization model of the direct current series-parallel current collection system of the offshore wind farm comprise:
I lmax ≤K l ·I l0
Figure FDA0004139665500000022
/>
Figure FDA0004139665500000023
Figure FDA0004139665500000024
wherein ,Ilmax For maximum continuous current of sea cable, K l Correction coefficient for long-term current-carrying capacity of submarine cable, I l0 For long-term current-carrying capacity of submarine cable S lmin Minimum section required for submarine cable short-circuit thermal stability, I l∞ Is sea cable steady state short circuit current, t l C is the sea cable short-circuit time constant lr Is the thermal stability coefficient of the submarine cable,
Figure FDA0004139665500000025
minimum insulation for submarine cable gammaRequired voltage, n γ U is the position of the submarine cable gamma WT For the direct voltage output by the fan, F sx and Fsy Representing a collection of different fan nodes connected across the submarine cable.
2. The method for planning the series-parallel connection type current collection system of the direct current offshore wind farm according to claim 1, wherein the total life cycle T of the wind farm is 20 years.
3. The method for planning the current collecting system of the direct current offshore wind farm in series-parallel connection mode according to claim 1, wherein in the constraint condition,
Figure FDA0004139665500000026
is used for ensuring that submarine cables are not laid in a crossing way. />
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CN106327026A (en) * 2016-10-19 2017-01-11 云南电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Wind power prediction optimization method
CN107316113A (en) * 2017-07-07 2017-11-03 国网北京经济技术研究院 A kind of Transmission Expansion Planning in Electric method and system
CN107844628A (en) * 2017-09-26 2018-03-27 上海电力学院 A kind of Large Scale Offshore Wind Farm collector system redundancy optimization method

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