CN111528070A - Seasonal irrigation device and method for rice planting - Google Patents
Seasonal irrigation device and method for rice planting Download PDFInfo
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- CN111528070A CN111528070A CN202010552498.8A CN202010552498A CN111528070A CN 111528070 A CN111528070 A CN 111528070A CN 202010552498 A CN202010552498 A CN 202010552498A CN 111528070 A CN111528070 A CN 111528070A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G29/00—Root feeders; Injecting fertilisers into the roots
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seasonal irrigation device and an irrigation method for rice planting, and the device comprises a shell, branch pipes, a fertilizer adding box, a reservoir and a water collecting tank, wherein a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane is supported and placed above the water collecting tank through a support plate, a water distribution pipe is laid above the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane, soil covers the water distribution pipe, the branch pipes are connected with a water pump and the fertilizer adding box through water pumping pipes, one end of each water pumping pipe is positioned in the reservoir, and the bottom end of the water collecting tank is connected with a drain pipe and communicated with the reservoir; respectively carrying out sufficient irrigation once when the rice is in the booting stage, the grouting stage and the heading stage, and gathering and recycling excess water through a water gathering tank for recycling; when in fertilization, fertilizer is added into the fertilizer adding box, and the rice root system is directly fertilized. The invention has the advantages that the irrigation and fertilization can be directly carried out on the roots of the rice, so that the dosage of the irrigation and fertilization can be reduced, and the efficiency of the irrigation and fertilization can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a seasonal irrigation device and an irrigation method for rice planting.
Background
The rice is a kind of herbaceous rice, and is the most important and longest kind of grain in the genus oryza, also called Asian-type cultivated rice, and simply speaking, it can also be said as rice. Annual, gramineous, monocotyledonous, sexually warm and humid, with a height of about 1 meter at maturity, slender leaves, about 50 to 100 cm long and about 2 to 2.5 cm wide. The flowers of rice are very small, when the rice blooms, main flower branches are arched, small flowers can bloom between 30 and 50 millimeters below the flower branches, and most of the rice self-pollinates and forms seeds, namely rice ears. Typically, the rice grains are 5 to 12 mm long and 2 to 3 mm thick.
The rice prefers high temperature, much humidity and short sunshine, and has low requirement on soil. The minimum germination temperature of the seedlings is 10-12 ℃, and the optimum germination temperature is 28-32 ℃. The day of the tillering stage is more than 20 ℃, and the ear differentiation is proper at about 30 ℃; the low temperature prolongs the differentiation of the branches and glumes. The heading temperature is 25-35 ℃. The optimum temperature for flowering is about 30 ℃, the temperature is lower than 20 ℃ or higher than 40 ℃, and pollination is seriously influenced.
The rice is mainly irrigated in the growing season, and the conventional irrigation method mainly utilizes the ditch ground flood irrigation. Under the condition that the soil of the rice field does not crack, the ditch ground is adopted for flood irrigation, because the dense plough bottom layer of the rice field is adopted, the water leakage and the water seepage of the rice field are not large. However, when seasonal drought occurs during rice production, the rice field cracks, cracks penetrate through the plough bottom layer, and a large amount of irrigation water flows out of the plough bottom layer when ground flood irrigation is adopted, so that the utilization rate of the irrigation water is very low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a seasonal irrigation device and an irrigation method for rice planting, which have the advantages of directly irrigating and fertilizing the roots of rice, further reducing the using amount of irrigation and fertilization, and increasing the efficiency of irrigation and fertilization. Under the condition that the soil of the rice field does not crack, the ditch ground is adopted for flood irrigation, because the dense plough bottom layer of the rice field is adopted, the water leakage and the water seepage of the rice field are not large. However, when seasonal drought occurs during rice production, the rice field cracks, cracks penetrate through the plough bottom layer, and a large amount of irrigation water flows out of the plough bottom layer when ground flood irrigation is adopted, so that the utilization rate of the irrigation water is low.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a seasonal irrigation equipment for rice planting, includes that casing, branch pipe, fertilizer add box, cistern and gather the basin, the inside bottom of casing is equipped with and gathers the basin, the internal surface welding who gathers the basin has the bracing piece, it has the backup pad to gather the basin through the bracing piece welding, the top of gathering the basin is supported through the backup pad and has been placed the pottery milipore filter, the water distributor has been laid to the top of pottery milipore filter, the top of water distributor covers there is soil, the one end of pottery milipore filter is connected with the branch pipe, the one end that the branch pipe deviates from the pottery milipore filter is connected with the drinking-water pipe, the branch pipe has water pump and fertilizer to add the box through the drinking-water pipe connection, just the one end of drinking-water pipe is located the cistern, the bottom.
Preferably, fine sand is paved between the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane and the water distribution pipe in the shell.
Preferably, the upper surface of the water distribution pipe is provided with water outlet holes, and the water outlet holes are uniformly distributed on the water distribution pipe.
Preferably, the number of the water distribution pipes is seven, the water distribution pipes are uniformly distributed on the branch pipes, and the length of each branch pipe is matched with the width of the shell.
Preferably, the fertilizer adding box is provided with a limiting groove, a feeding opening is formed in the limiting groove, and a sealing groove is formed between the limiting groove and the feeding opening.
Preferably, the apron is installed to the spacing inslot, the fixed orifices has been seted up to four corners of spacing groove, the apron adds the box through bolt and fixed orifices and fertilizer and is connected fixedly, the bottom surface of apron is equipped with the sealing strip, and the position and the size looks adaptation of position and size and the sealed groove of sealing strip.
A method of seasonal irrigation for rice planting comprising the steps of:
s1, establishing a reservoir at one side of the rice field, and communicating the reservoir with an irrigation canal beside the rice field;
s2, installing the water collecting tank in the shell, and communicating the water collecting tank with the water storage tank through a water drainage pipe;
s3, burying the shell in soil, paving a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane, fine sand, a water distribution pipe and soil above the water collecting tank in sequence, communicating the water distribution pipe with a branch pipe, and communicating the branch pipe with a water pump, a fertilizer adding box and a reservoir through a water pumping pipe;
s4, carrying out sufficient irrigation for one time when the rice is in the booting stage, the grouting stage and the heading stage respectively, keeping the soil moist through a water distribution pipe at ordinary times, and gathering and recycling the excessive water through a water gathering tank for recycling;
s5, when fertilizing, adding fertilizer into the fertilizer adding box, pumping water in the water storage tank through the water pump, fully dissolving the fertilizer, and directly fertilizing the root system of rice
Preferably, the irrigation water amount in the booting stage, the filling stage and the heading stage is respectively 200mm/m2, 400mm/m2 and 500mm/m 2.
Preferably, the buried depth of the pipeline meets the requirements of 70-80 cm of pipe top soil covering, and the slope and the fall range of the pipeline is 0.3-0.5 per mill.
Preferably, the thickness of the fine sand below the water distribution pipe is more than 20 centimeters.
Preferably, the height of the water reservoir is 3m, the length of the water reservoir is 2m, and the width of the water reservoir is 2 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: through burying the water distributor in rice root system below, when using, the accessible water pump is direct irrigates pipeline root system, reduce when irrigating, water infiltration soil required time, and the required water yield of infiltration, and then reduce the water consumption when irrigating, increase irrigation efficiency, add the box through setting up fertilizer, when needs fertilize, the user adds the box with fertilizer in, later through water pump suction water with fertilizer misce bene, and drive fertilizer through rivers and directly fertilize rice root system department, and then reach and increase rice fertilization efficiency, reduce the effect of fertilization volume, through setting up the water collecting tank, the water collecting tank can gather unnecessary water when irrigating and retrieve, and save to the cistern once more, reuse irrigates the rice after being convenient for.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a water distributor according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of a fertilizer addition box of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view of the fertilizer feeding box of the present invention at the feeding port.
In the figure: 1. a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane; 2. soil; 3. a housing; 4. a water distribution pipe; 5. fine sand; 6. a support plate; 7. a branch pipe; 8. a water pump; 9. a water pumping pipe; 10. a fertilizer adding box; 11. a reservoir; 12. a drain pipe; 13. a support bar; 14. a water collecting tank; 15. a water outlet hole; 16. a limiting groove; 17. a sealing groove; 18. a feeding port; 19. a fixing hole; 20. a sealing strip; 21. and (7) a cover plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, an embodiment of the present invention includes:
a seasonal irrigation device for rice planting comprises a shell 3, a branch pipe 7, a fertilizer adding box 10, a reservoir 11 and a water collecting tank 14, wherein the water collecting tank 14 is arranged at the bottom end inside the shell 3, the water collecting tank 14 can collect and recover redundant water during irrigation and store the water into the reservoir 11 again, the rice is convenient to irrigate for reuse later, a supporting rod 13 is welded on the inner surface of the water collecting tank 14, a supporting plate 6 is welded on the water collecting tank 14 through the supporting rod 13, a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane 1 is supported and placed above the water collecting tank 14 through the supporting plate 6, a water distribution pipe 4 is laid above the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane 1, the water distribution pipe 4 is embedded below a rice root system, when the seasonal irrigation device is used, the pipeline root system can be directly irrigated through a water pump 8, the time for water to permeate soil 2 and permeate water required by water is shortened during irrigation, and further the water consumption during irrigation is, the irrigation efficiency is improved, the number of the water distribution pipes 4 is seven, the water distribution pipes 4 are uniformly distributed on the branch pipes 7, the length of each branch pipe 7 is matched with the width of the shell 3, water outlet holes 15 are formed in the upper surface of each water distribution pipe 4, the water outlet holes 15 are uniformly distributed on the water distribution pipes 4, fine sand 5 is paved between the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane 1 and the water distribution pipes 4 in the shell 3, and soil 2 covers the upper portions of the water distribution pipes 4.
One end of the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane 1 is connected with a branch pipe 7, one end of the branch pipe 7, which is far away from the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane 1, is connected with a water pumping pipe 9, the branch pipe 7 is connected with a water pump 8 and a fertilizer adding box 10 through the water pumping pipe 9, when fertilizer is needed to be applied, a user adds the fertilizer into the fertilizer adding box 10, then the water pump 8 pumps water to uniformly mix the fertilizer, and drives the fertilizer to directly apply fertilizer to the root system of rice through water flow, thereby achieving the effects of increasing the fertilizer application efficiency of the rice and reducing the fertilizer application amount, a limiting groove 16 is arranged on the fertilizer adding box 10, a cover plate 21 is arranged in the limiting groove 16, fixing holes 19 are arranged at four corners of the limiting groove 16, the cover plate 21 is fixedly connected with the fertilizer adding box 10 through bolts and the fixing holes 19, a sealing strip 20 is arranged on the bottom surface of the cover plate 21, the position and the size, a sealing groove 17 is formed between the limiting groove 16 and the feeding port 18, one end of the water pumping pipe 9 is located in the water storage tank 11, the bottom end of the water collecting tank 14 is connected with a water drainage pipe 12, and one end, away from the water collecting tank 14, of the water drainage pipe 12 is located in the water storage tank 11.
A method of seasonal irrigation for rice planting comprising the steps of:
s1, establishing a reservoir at one side of the rice field, communicating the reservoir with an irrigation canal beside the rice field, wherein the height of the reservoir 11 is 3m, the length of the reservoir is 2m, and the width of the reservoir is 2 m;
s2, installing the water collecting tank 14 in the shell 3, communicating the water collecting tank 14 with the water storage tank 11 through the water discharge pipe 12, and collecting and recovering excess water during irrigation through the water collecting tank 14 and storing the excess water into the water storage tank 11 again so as to be convenient for later reuse for irrigation of rice;
s3, burying a shell 3 in soil 2, paving a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane 1, fine sand 5, a water distribution pipe 4 and soil 2 above a water collection tank 14 in sequence, communicating the water distribution pipe 4 with a branch pipe 7, communicating the branch pipe 7 with a water pump 8, a fertilizer adding box 10 and a reservoir 11 through a water pumping pipe 9, enabling the buried depth of the pipeline to meet the requirement that the top of the pipeline is covered with soil by 70-80 cm, enabling the slope range of the pipeline to be 0.3-0.5 permillage, enabling the thickness of the fine sand 5 below the water distribution pipe 4 to be more than 20 cm, burying the water distribution pipe 4 below a rice root system, and directly irrigating the root system of the pipeline through the water pump 8 when in use, so that the time and water amount required by water to permeate the soil 2 are reduced during irrigation, further the water consumption during irrigation is reduced, and the irrigation efficiency is increased;
s4, performing sufficient irrigation for the rice in the booting stage, the filling stage and the heading stage respectively, keeping the soil 2 moist through the water distribution pipe 4 at ordinary times, and gathering and recycling excess water through the water gathering tank 14, wherein the irrigation water amounts in the booting stage, the filling stage and the heading stage are respectively 200mm/m2, 400mm/m2 and 500mm/m 2;
s5, when fertiliziing, add fertilizer in the box 10 with fertilizer to through the water in the water pump 8 extraction cistern 11, fully dissolve fertilizer, and directly fertilize rice root system department, when needs fertilize, the user adds fertilizer with fertilizer and adds in the box 10, later take out water through water pump 8 and mix fertilizer, and drive fertilizer through rivers and directly fertilize rice root system department, and then reach and increase rice fertilization efficiency, reduce the effect of fertilization volume.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a seasonal irrigation equipment for rice planting, includes casing (3), branch pipe (7), fertilizer adds box (10), cistern (11) and water-collecting tank (14), its characterized in that: the inside bottom of casing (3) is equipped with gathers basin (14), the internal surface welding who gathers basin (14) has bracing piece (13), it has backup pad (6) to gather basin (14) through bracing piece (13) welding, the top of gathering basin (14) is supported through backup pad (6) and has been placed ceramic milipore filter (1), water distributor (4) have been laid to the top of ceramic milipore filter (1), the top of water distributor (4) covers has soil (2), the one end of ceramic milipore filter (1) is connected with branch pipe (7), the one end that deviates from ceramic milipore filter (1) of branch pipe (7) is connected with drinking-water pipe (9), branch pipe (7) are connected with water pump (8) and fertilizer through drinking-water pipe (9) and add box (10), just the one end of drinking-water pipe (9) is located cistern (11), the bottom of gathering basin (14) is connected with drain pipe (12), the end of the drain pipe (12) facing away from the water collecting tank (14) is positioned in the water storage tank (11).
2. The seasonal irrigation device and the irrigation method for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: fine sand (5) is laid between the ceramic ultrafiltration membrane (1) and the water distribution pipe (4) in the shell (3).
3. The seasonal irrigation device and the irrigation method for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the upper surface of the water distribution pipe (4) is provided with water outlet holes (15), and the water outlet holes (15) are uniformly distributed on the water distribution pipe (4).
4. The seasonal irrigation device and the irrigation method for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the water distribution pipes (4) is seven, the water distribution pipes (4) are uniformly distributed on the branch pipes (7), and the length of each branch pipe (7) is matched with the width of the shell (3).
5. The seasonal irrigation device and the irrigation method for rice planting according to claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer adding box (10) is provided with a limiting groove (16), a feeding opening (18) is formed in the limiting groove (16), and a sealing groove (17) is formed between the limiting groove (16) and the feeding opening (18).
6. The seasonal irrigation device and the irrigation method for rice planting according to claim 5, wherein: install apron (21) in spacing groove (16), fixed orifices (19) have been seted up to four corners of spacing groove (16), apron (21) are connected fixedly through bolt and fixed orifices (19) and fertilizer interpolation box (10), the bottom surface of apron (21) is equipped with sealing strip (20), and the position and the size of sealing strip (20) and the position and the size looks adaptation of seal groove (17).
7. A method of seasonal irrigation for rice planting comprising the steps of:
s1, establishing a reservoir at one side of the rice field, and communicating the reservoir with an irrigation canal beside the rice field, wherein the height of the reservoir (11) is 3m, the length of the reservoir is 2m, and the width of the reservoir is 2 m;
s2, installing the water collecting tank (14) in the shell (3), and communicating the water collecting tank (14) with the water reservoir (11) through the water discharge pipe (12);
s3, burying a shell (3) in soil (2), paving a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane (1), fine sand (5), a water distribution pipe (4) and the soil (2) above a water collection tank (14) in sequence, then communicating the water distribution pipe (4) with a branch pipe (7), communicating the branch pipe (7) with a water pump (8), a fertilizer adding box (10) and a reservoir (11) through a water pumping pipe (9), wherein the buried depth of a pipeline meets the condition that soil is covered at the top of the pipeline by 70-80 cm, and the slope and fall range of the pipeline is 0.3-0.5 per thousand;
s4, respectively carrying out sufficient irrigation once when the rice is in the booting stage, the grouting stage and the heading stage, keeping the soil (2) moist through a water distribution pipe (4) at ordinary times, and gathering and recycling excessive water through a water gathering tank (14) for recycling;
s5, when fertilizing, adding the fertilizer into the fertilizer adding box (10), extracting water in the reservoir (11) through the water pump (8), fully dissolving the fertilizer, and directly fertilizing the root system of the rice.
8. The seasonal irrigation device and the irrigation method for rice planting according to claim 7, wherein: the irrigation water amount of the booting stage, the grouting stage and the heading stage is respectively 200mm/m2、400mm/m2And 500mm/m2。
9. The seasonal irrigation device and the irrigation method for rice planting according to claim 7, wherein: the thickness of the fine sand (5) below the water distribution pipe (4) is more than 20 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010552498.8A CN111528070A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Seasonal irrigation device and method for rice planting |
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| CN202010552498.8A CN111528070A (en) | 2020-06-17 | 2020-06-17 | Seasonal irrigation device and method for rice planting |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115553190A (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2023-01-03 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Can show paddy field structure that reduces paddy field greenhouse gas and discharge |
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| CN115553190B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-05-03 | 重庆市农业科学院 | Rice field structure capable of remarkably reducing rice field greenhouse gas emission |
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