CN111525828B - Control method of bidirectional isolation type resonant power converter based on virtual synchronous motor - Google Patents

Control method of bidirectional isolation type resonant power converter based on virtual synchronous motor Download PDF

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CN111525828B
CN111525828B CN202010431653.0A CN202010431653A CN111525828B CN 111525828 B CN111525828 B CN 111525828B CN 202010431653 A CN202010431653 A CN 202010431653A CN 111525828 B CN111525828 B CN 111525828B
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converter
current
voltage
power
mode
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CN111525828A (en
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任春光
贾燕冰
徐浩祥
孟祥齐
张佰富
韩肖清
秦文萍
郭东鑫
孔健生
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0048Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
    • H02M1/0054Transistor switching losses
    • H02M1/0058Transistor switching losses by employing soft switching techniques, i.e. commutation of transistors when applied voltage is zero or when current flow is zero
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12Electric charging stations

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a control method of a bidirectional isolation type resonant power converter based on a virtual synchronous motor, which aims to solve the problems of lack of rotational inertia, low voltage stability of a power electronic converter, efficiency reduction caused by large reactive power in the operation process and the like in the charging and discharging process of an electric automobile. The bidirectional power converter is composed of a DC/DC level and a DC/AC level, the DC/AC level three-phase converter can be equivalent to a synchronous motor according to the structural similarity of a three-phase synchronous motor model and the three-phase converter, the whole electric vehicle charging pile is equivalent to a synchronous motor at the grid connection point of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the synchronous motor can adaptively respond to voltage and frequency disturbance of a power grid and provide necessary inertia and damping for the power grid. In order to overcome the defect that the power loss is caused by large reactive current of the traditional DAB converter, the zero voltage conduction and the zero current turn-off of a switching device of the interface converter are realized by adding the resonance module, and the integral operation efficiency of the converter is improved.

Description

Control method of bidirectional isolation type resonant power converter based on virtual synchronous motor
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bidirectional control of interaction between a large power grid and a power battery of an electric automobile, in particular to a bidirectional isolation type resonant power converter control method based on a virtual synchronous motor, which is suitable for realizing friendly and efficient interaction and bidirectional flow of energy between the electric automobile and the power grid.
Background
The shortage of fossil energy and concern over air pollution have accelerated vehicle electrification. The interconnection of a large number of electric vehicles and the power grid is beneficial to stabilizing the impact of intermittent renewable energy on the power grid, and meanwhile, the electric vehicle becomes one of effective emergency power supply substitution solutions and is generally accepted and popular all over the world. The performance of the charging and discharging device of the electric automobile is a key part for ensuring the charging and discharging efficiency and speed of the electric automobile and friendly interaction with a power grid.
The bidirectional interface converter capable of regulating bidirectional power flow is an important component of an electric automobile charger. For the bidirectional interface converter, on one hand, the electric vehicle charging/discharging equipment and the power distribution network are required to have good interaction characteristics, and the power distribution network has high stability and steady-state precision when a transient fault occurs. The researchers proposed a bidirectional droop control method using frequency and voltage at both sides of ac/dc to control power flow direction, so that both sides of ac/dc can bear load in a balanced manner, but when the permeability of the electric vehicle is gradually increased, droop control may impact the stability of both the battery and the power grid of the electric vehicle. In order to increase the stability of the system, in recent years, a virtual synchronous motor control theory and a method of the inverter have been proposed, and a three-phase converter is equivalent to a virtual synchronous motor. The scholars have studied the implementation of a virtual synchronous generator with virtual inertia and the control strategy as an inverter power supply, but the interface converter in the scheme can only be applied to a single power flow direction and can only be applied to a power electronic converter in a specific occasion.
On the other hand, the charging and discharging process of the charging equipment of the electric automobile is required to be as rapid and efficient as possible, so that the service life and the operation safety of the power battery of the electric automobile are improved, and the energy loss in the charging and discharging process is reduced. In order to improve the efficiency of a bi-directional interface converter, it should meet a variety of requirements, such as wide output voltage regulation, low electrical stress, bufferless circuits, low circulating currents and good switching conditions, and buck/boost operation. The isolation/bidirectional PWM converter structure is adopted, the buck/boost operation is met, the bidirectional power flow is realized, but a high-frequency inverter on a current feed side is subjected to strong voltage stress caused by the leakage inductance of the converter, and the isolation/bidirectional PWM converter structure is a main obstacle for improving the efficiency of a bidirectional isolation type converter. Therefore, for a bidirectional converter operating at high voltage and high power, a DAB (dual-active-bridge) structure suitable for various voltages and high power is adopted, which can significantly improve the transmission power of the interface converter, however, the conventional DAB converter has large reactive current, which generates electrical stress on its switching elements and increases power loss, so that the overall efficiency of the interface converter is reduced. Therefore, there are still many defects in the related control technology of the existing converter in the charging and discharging of the electric vehicle, and a novel control method capable of improving the operation efficiency and friendly interacting with the power grid is needed for the bidirectional power converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control method of a bidirectional isolation type resonant power converter based on a virtual synchronous motor, which aims to solve the problems of lack of rotational inertia in the charging and discharging processes of an electric automobile, low voltage stability of a power electronic converter, efficiency reduction caused by large reactive power in the operation process and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a control method of a bidirectional isolation type resonant power converter based on a virtual synchronous motor is characterized in that a power grid alternating-current bus passes through line impedance Z ac Filter resistor R ac And the LC filter is connected to the AC side of the AC interface converter; DC of AC interface converterSide pass through DC capacitor C dc Connecting a DC/DC converter; the DC/DC converter passes through a voltage stabilizing capacitor C f And a filter inductor L f Finally, connected to a power battery; the control method virtualizes the AC interface converter as a synchronous motor according to the structural similarity of a three-phase synchronous motor model and the AC interface converter, the control method comprises three parts of active power control, virtual excitation control and voltage and current double closed-loop control, and the control method of each part is as follows:
(1) Active power control: setting the pole pair number of the virtual synchronous motor to be 1, the torque equation can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002500814240000021
wherein J represents the moment of inertia of the synchronous machine in kg.m 2 ,ω N Expressing the AC rated angular speed of the power grid in unit rad/s; p is e And P m Electromagnetic and mechanical power of the synchronous motor respectively; delta is the power angle of the generator, unit rad; omega is the virtual rotor angular frequency of the synchronous motor, in units rad/s; k is a radical of formula ω Is an AC primary frequency modulation droop coefficient; the active power control part is mainly used for realizing active power closed loop and generating mechanical torque; the active power is calculated from the ac side voltage and current and is expressed as:
P=u a i a +u b i b +u c i c
in the formula u a 、u b 、u c Terminal voltage, i, of the synchronous machine a 、i b 、i c Terminal current of the synchronous motor;
(2) Virtual excitation control: in the virtual excitation control part, the excitation control of the generator is simulated, the alternating voltage and the reactive power are controlled and adjusted, and the virtual potential effective value E of the virtual synchronous motor model is adjusted to generate reactive power; the virtual potential effective value E of the virtual synchronous machine is composed of 3 parts in total:
one, Δ E, part of reactive power regulation Q The second is the part of the voltage regulation at the reactor end Δ E U An automatic excitation regulator capable of being equivalent to a synchronous motor, the third is the effective value E of the no-load potential of the synchronous motor 0 (ii) a The virtual potential effective value of the motor is as follows:
E=E 0 +ΔE Q +ΔE U
the vector value of the motor virtual potential is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002500814240000031
(3) Voltage current double closed loop control: based on KVL's law, the electromagnetic equation for a synchronous machine can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002500814240000032
wherein
Figure BDA0002500814240000033
Is an alternating side voltage; l and R are respectively stator inductance and resistance of synchronous motor, and their values are respectively filter inductance L of LC filter of AC interface ac And a filter resistor R ac The value of (a) is,
Figure BDA0002500814240000034
is the current of the alternating-current interface,
Figure BDA0002500814240000035
is an alternating bus side current; and obtaining a signal e through voltage-current double closed-loop control, inputting the signal e as a modulation wave into SPWM for modulation, generating a control signal of the AC interface converter, and controlling the on and off of each IGBT tube of the AC interface converter.
The bidirectional power converter is composed of a DC/DC level and a DC/AC level, the DC/AC level three-phase converter can be equivalent to a synchronous motor according to the structural similarity of a three-phase synchronous motor model and the three-phase converter, the whole electric vehicle charging pile is equivalent to a synchronous motor at the grid-connected point of the electric vehicle charging pile, and the motor can adaptively respond to voltage and frequency disturbance of a power grid and provide necessary inertia and damping for the power grid.
Further, a primary side and a secondary side of a DC/DC converter on a DC side are connected by a CLC resonance module including a capacitor C for voltage multiplication operation on the primary side v And a resonant capacitor C on the secondary side for resonant PWM operation r And a resonant inductor L r A constituent resonant structure; the DC/DC converter has 8 switches for charge or discharge operation, including M on the primary side 1 、M 2 、M 3 、M 4 M of four IGBT tubes and secondary side 5 、M 6 、M 7 、M 8 And four IGBT tubes.
The DC/DC level of the interface converter adopts the structure of a DAB converter to meet the requirements of high power and wide output voltage range. In order to solve the defect that the traditional DAB converter causes power loss due to large reactive current, the CLC resonance module is added to realize zero-voltage conduction and zero-current turn-off of a switching device of the interface converter, and the overall operation efficiency of the converter is improved.
The direct current control unit of the bidirectional power converter is provided with 8 switches for charging or discharging operation, and different from the traditional resonant structure, the DC/DC converter is only controlled by PWM, so that the problems of efficiency reduction caused by overhigh switching frequency or audible noise or no-load regulation caused by overlow switching frequency can be avoided. The bidirectional charger proposed herein maintains the structural advantages similar to those of DAB-converters, while by employing a voltage-doubler rectification structure, i.e. M is added during the discharge operation 3 And keeping the converter in a conducting state, so that the voltage of the direct current secondary side of the interface converter is increased to twice of the original voltage, and the converter realizes bidirectional power flow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) Meanwhile, the requirements of the voltage of a power grid and the voltage stability of a battery of the electric automobile in the charging and discharging processes of the electric automobile are considered, and the voltage control of an alternating current/direct current bus can be realized simultaneously in the control process;
(2) The converter can realize stable control of power, carry out stable charging and discharging operation on the electric automobile, and enable the whole system to have higher stability and inertia when the power grid generates larger fluctuation;
(3) Meanwhile, the direct current side has the characteristics of wide output voltage range and high-power transmission capability, zero-voltage conduction and zero-current turn-off can be well realized through the design of the resonant circuit, the conversion efficiency of the converter is effectively improved, and the requirements of efficient charging and discharging of the electric automobile are met;
(4) In addition, the charge-discharge state change can be effectively controlled through the change of the single switch, the operation can be simple and convenient in practical engineering application, and the safety is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a bidirectional power converter.
FIG. 2 is a control block diagram of a bidirectional power converter with AC side based on virtual synchronous machine control
Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of a dc-side bidirectional power converter.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the dc-side bi-directional power converter in a charging operation.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the dc-side bi-directional power converter in discharging operation.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of a dc-side bi-directional power converter during charge and discharge operations.
Detailed Description
The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
The embodiment is mainly used for a bidirectional power converter serving as a charging and discharging machine of an electric automobile, and the structural topology of the bidirectional interface converter is shown in fig. 1. Line impedance Z of AC bus of power grid ac And LC filter (L) ac Is a filter inductor, C ac Is a filter capacitor, R ac Filter resistance) to the ac side of the interface converter; the DC side of the interface converter passes through a DC capacitor C dc The DC/DC converter is connected, the primary side and the secondary side of the DC side of the interface converter are connected by a CLC resonance module and then pass through a voltage stabilizing capacitor C f And a filter inductor L f Finally, finallyAnd the battery is connected to a power battery electric vehicle battery.
The AC side adopts a power control method based on a virtual synchronous motor, the control block diagram of the power control method is shown in figure 2, an AC control unit of the power control method comprises active power control, virtual excitation control and voltage and current double closed-loop control, and the control method of each part is as follows:
(1) Active power control: setting the pole pair number of the virtual synchronous motor to be 1, the torque equation can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002500814240000051
wherein J represents the moment of inertia of the synchronous machine in kg.m 2 ,ω N Expressing the AC rated angular speed of the power grid in unit rad/s; t is e 、T m And T d Electromagnetic torque, mechanical torque and damping torque of the synchronous motor are respectively; d is damping coefficient, and when the action of the damping winding is not considered, the damping coefficient is matched with an AC primary frequency modulation droop coefficient k ω Equal; delta is the power angle of the generator, unit rad; ω is the virtual rotor angular frequency of the synchronous machine, in units rad/s. Due to the moment of inertia J, the charge/discharge machine exhibits the capacity for mechanical inertia in the event of fluctuations in the grid voltage. When the alternating current droop coefficient is selected, the inertia of the alternating current frequency can be increased by increasing the inertia moment J, but the system stability is reduced by increasing the inertia moment J, so that the inertia moment J is not suitable for being increased excessively. In addition, the increase of the damping coefficient D can increase the inertia of the whole system, and the same excessive D can affect the stability of the system. And the electromagnetic torque of the motor can be controlled by the virtual synchronous motor potential e abc And an output current i abc Obtaining the electromagnetic torque and the electromagnetic power P output by the virtual synchronous generator e The relationship between can be expressed as:
T e =P e /ω=(e a i a +e b i b +e c i c )/ω
rated mechanical torque T of synchronous motor under constant power load condition with power P 0 With the frequency omega of the power supply network N (i.e. grid ac rating)Constant angular velocity) and changes after being influenced by the frequency interference of the power supply network and the physical damping, the frequency and the rotating speed have positive correlation, and therefore, the mechanical damping is increased or decreased in the same amplitude, namely, the frequency of the response power grid is changed. In view of this, we can adjust the virtual synchronous machine mechanical torque T m To regulate the active command, mechanical torque T, in the network-side converter interface m Is a fixed torque T 0 And frequency deviation feedback command Δ T. The mechanical torque can then be expressed as:
T m =T 0 +ΔT=(P-P ref )/ω N
wherein, P ref The active power control section is primarily used to implement an active power closed loop and generate mechanical torque for a selected reference power. The active power is calculated from the ac side voltage and current and can be expressed as:
P=u a i a +u b i b +u c i c
and integrating the value obtained by subtracting the electromagnetic torque and the damping torque from the mechanical torque, and dividing the value by the moment of inertia J to further obtain the virtual rotor angular frequency omega of the synchronous motor, and continuously integrating the rotor angular frequency to obtain the power angle delta of the virtual synchronous generator.
(2) Virtual excitation control: in the virtual excitation control part, the excitation control of the generator is simulated, the alternating voltage and the reactive power are controlled and adjusted, and the virtual potential effective value E of the virtual synchronous motor model is adjusted to enable the virtual synchronous motor model to emit reactive power. The virtual potential effective value E of the virtual synchronous machine is composed of 3 parts in total.
One, part Δ E of reactive power regulation Q The second is the part of the voltage regulation at the end of the reactor, delta E U Automatic excitation regulator equivalent to synchronous motor, the third is the effective value E of no-load potential of the motor 0
Figure BDA0002500814240000061
Wherein k is q Is a reactive-voltage droop coefficient, Q ref And Q is the instantaneous reactive power reference value and the actual value output by the AC interface terminal respectively. k is a radical of v A voltage regulation factor; u shape ref And U is respectively a reference value and a real value of the effective value of the grid-connected inverter terminal line voltage. The virtual potential effective value of the motor is as follows:
E=E 0 +ΔE Q +ΔE U
the vector value of the motor virtual potential is expressed as:
Figure BDA0002500814240000062
(3) Voltage and current double closed loop control: based on KVL law and KCL law, the electromagnetic equation of a synchronous machine can be expressed as:
Figure BDA0002500814240000063
wherein
Figure BDA0002500814240000064
Is an alternating side voltage; l and R are the stator inductance and resistance of the synchronous machine, respectively. It should be noted that the stator inductance L and the resistor R are connected to the filter inductance L of the ac interface ac And a filter resistor R ac In response to this, the mobile terminal is able to,
Figure BDA0002500814240000065
is the current of the alternating-current interface,
Figure BDA0002500814240000066
is an alternating bus side current. The active power controls the mechanical motion equation of the analog synchronous motor, the active power is adjusted, and the control link outputs virtual potential
Figure BDA0002500814240000067
Frequency and phase of; the virtual excitation control simulates the excitation regulation of the synchronous motor,controlling reactive power, output
Figure BDA0002500814240000071
Is determined.
In order to simplify the control, the mathematical model of the interface converter is converted from an abc three-phase stationary coordinate system to a two-phase rotating d-q coordinate system. The transformation matrix is as follows:
Figure BDA0002500814240000072
in the formula, θ = ω t + θ 0 Denotes the angle between the d-axis and the a-axis, theta 0 Is the included angle when t = 0.
And obtaining a mathematical model of the interface converter under a d-q coordinate system through coordinate conversion, so that a three-phase alternating current component in the interface converter is changed into a two-phase direct current component. Then there are:
Figure BDA0002500814240000073
in the formula u d 、u q Respectively representing alternating voltages
Figure BDA0002500814240000074
D, q axis components of (1); e.g. of a cylinder d 、e q Respectively representing alternating voltages
Figure BDA0002500814240000075
D, q axis components of (1); i.e. i d And i q Respectively representing alternating current
Figure BDA0002500814240000076
D, q axis components of (1); i.e. i ld And i lq Respectively representing alternating currents
Figure BDA0002500814240000077
D, q axis components of (c).
According to the above equation, as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the coupling term in the voltage equation is ω Li q And omega Li d The coupled term of the current equation is ω Cu q And ω Cu d . The coupling influence between d and q axes is eliminated by introducing a negative coupling term into the control; the interface converter is enabled to track the reference signal without dead-beat by using PI control. In the double closed loop shown in fig. 2 (b), the controlled variables of the voltage loop and the current loop are respectively voltage and current, and the transfer functions when PI control is adopted are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002500814240000078
Figure BDA0002500814240000079
wherein u is d-ref 、u q-ref D, q-axis components, i, of a given AC voltage reference value, respectively d-ref 、i q-ref D, q-axis components, e, of a given reference value of the AC voltage, respectively d-ref 、e q-ref The d and q-axis components of a given ac voltage reference, respectively. Last item i d 、i q 、u d And u q The feedforward terms are d-axis components and q-axis components of measured values of voltage and current, and can accelerate the response of the controller. G u (s) and G i (s) are all PI regulators, and the transfer functions are respectively as follows:
Figure BDA0002500814240000081
Figure BDA0002500814240000082
in the formula, K u-P 、K u-I The proportional and integral coefficients of the voltage loop are provided. K i-P 、K i-I Respectively, the proportional and integral coefficients of the current loop.
Finally, a signal e is obtained through voltage-current double closed-loop control and is input into SPWM for modulation as a modulation wave to generate interface conversionControl signal of controller for controlling IGBT tube VT 1 ~VT 6 On and off.
The DC control unit of the bidirectional power converter has 8 switches for charging or discharging operation, such as M in FIG. 3 1 ~M 8 . By a resonant capacitor C r And a resonant inductor L r A capacitor C formed on the primary side and having a resonant structure on the secondary side for resonant PWM operation v For voltage multiplication operations. Unlike conventional resonant structures, where the converter is controlled solely by PWM, efficiency degradation due to too high switching frequency, or audible noise or no-load regulation problems due to too low switching frequency can be avoided. The bidirectional charger proposed in the present application maintains the structural advantages similar to those of the DAB-converter while employing a voltage-doubler rectification structure, i.e. M is applied during the discharge operation 3 And keeping the converter in a conducting state, so that the voltage of the direct current secondary side of the interface converter is increased to twice of the original voltage, and the converter realizes bidirectional power flow. Wherein, V ref Representing the reference value of the voltage at the secondary side of the DC interface, I ref Representing the secondary side current reference value.
The pattern analysis plots of fig. 4 and 5 were obtained during the charging and discharging phases, respectively.
FIG. 4 (a, b, and c in FIG. 4 represent modes 1, 2, and 3, respectively) is a diagram of DC-side bi-directional power converter modes in a charging operation where power flows from M 1 ~M 4 Control, M 5 ~M 8 The diodes of (a) are used for full bridge rectification. Due to C v Has a value of several tens of microfarads, and thus has a sufficiently large value in this mode, which can be regarded as a dc coupling capacitor, without affecting the charging operation. The mode diagram and equivalent circuit during charging are shown in fig. 4, and the drain-source capacitance C of the switch can be ignored because the drain-source capacitance of the switch device is usually relatively small ds . While assuming a resonant capacitor voltage v cr Not exceeding the battery voltage V batt ,M 3 Initially in a conducting state. The waveforms of the switching tube and the soft switch during the whole charging process are shown in fig. 6 (a).
Mode 1 (t) 0 ≤t<t 1 ):When M is 1 At t 0 Time on, primary current i p Flows through M 1 ,M 3 And a transformer primary side. Secondary side current i s Increases from zero and flows through C r ,L r ,M 5 、M 7 And a converter secondary side. V can be derived from the equivalent circuit of mode 1 of fig. 4 (a) cr And i s :
Figure BDA0002500814240000091
Figure BDA0002500814240000092
Wherein:
Figure BDA0002500814240000093
V crf is v cr Peak voltage, primary current i during charging operation p Is a primary side current i s And a magnetizing current i m And (4) summing. When M is 1 When turned off, the primary current is used to couple M 1 And M 2 C of (A) ds And charging and discharging are carried out. If M is 2 C of (A) ds Complete discharge before the end of mode 1, M can be achieved 2 Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS). And M 2 The ZVS condition of (1) is easily satisfied because the ZVS uses i p Peak value of (a). This operation is indicated by a light line in fig. 4 (a).
Mode 2 (t) 1 ≤t<t 2 ):M 2 On, mode 2 starts. Primary current i p Flows through M 3 、M 2 And a transformer primary side. Secondary current i s Maintain the same current path as the previous state until i s Until it is reduced to zero. FIG. 4 (b) the equivalent circuit of mode 2, v cr And i s Can be expressed as:
v cr (t)=-V batt -(V cr (t 1 )+V batt )cosω r (t-t 1 )+Z r i Lr (t 1 )sinω r (t-t 1 )
Figure BDA0002500814240000094
assuming that the dead time between the up and down switch gate signals is sufficiently short to be negligible, i can be obtained from the above equation Lr (t 1 ). The following were used:
Figure BDA0002500814240000095
Figure BDA0002500814240000096
in the formula D f When it is charging M 1 (or M) 4 ) Duty cycle. From the above formula, T can be derived 2Mf Duration of (2)
Figure BDA0002500814240000097
Mode 3 (t) 2 ≤t<t 3 ): after mode 2, only the magnetizing current i m By M 3 And M 2 And (6) circulating. In mode 3, the resonant capacitor voltage v cr Is maintained as v cr (t 2 ) Is a number V crf The peak of the defined resonance capacitance. Can obtain V crf
Figure BDA0002500814240000101
V crf Should not exceed V batt To prevent M 5 And M 7 The body diode is not normally conductive, and normal operation is guaranteed. Only M 3 And M 4 C of (A) ds The peak magnetizing current is adopted for charging and discharging. If M is 4 C of (A) ds Complete discharge before the end of mode 3, M can be achieved 4 ZVS of (1). And M 2 Different ZVS conditions of 4 ZVS of (c) is not easy because ZVS uses only the peak value of the magnetizing current and is affected by the load condition. The next half cycle consisting of modes 4-6 operates the same as the previous half cycle.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the dc-side bi-directional power converter in discharging operation. Power flow from M during discharge 5 ~M 8 And (5) controlling. In order to increase the voltage gain, a diode M is used 1 And M 2 As a voltage doubler rectifier, to make M 3 Is in a conducting state. Capacitor C v As a supply capacitor for supplying power. Suppose the impedance of the secondary side magnetizing inductor of the converter is omega s L m /n 2 ω,(L m The magnetizing inductance of the transformer of the resonant module in fig. 1) and this impedance is related to the resonant tank impedance ω s L m +1/(ω s C r ) Is sufficiently large. Where the switching frequency omega s (means M) 1 -M 8 ) In units of rad/sec. The switching tube and soft switching waveform conditions are as shown in fig. 6 (b) during the entire charging process.
Mode 1 (t) 0 ≤t<t 1 ): when M8 is at t 0 When the switch is on, the secondary current passes through L r 、C r 、M 8 、M 6 And a converter secondary side. Primary current i p Starting from zero and increasing by M 2 、M 3 、C v And a transformer primary side. From FIG. 5 (a), v cr And primary current and secondary side primary current ni p Can be approximately derived as:
Figure BDA0002500814240000102
Figure BDA0002500814240000103
v crr is v cr Peak value in discharge processThe voltage, whose expression is shown in the last formula. Secondary current equal to ni p And ni m And (4) summing. When M is 8 At closing time, i s For making M 7 The ZVS state is reached.
Mode 2 (t) 1 ≤t<t 2 ): when M is 7 On, mode 2 starts. Power flow is shown in FIG. 5 (b), i p And begins to fall. V is obtained from the equivalent circuit of mode 2 cr And ni p Comprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002500814240000104
Figure BDA0002500814240000111
using similar assumptions as for mode 2 in the charging operation, ni can be derived p (t 1 ) And v cr (t 1 ). Their derivation is as follows:
Figure BDA0002500814240000112
Figure BDA0002500814240000113
in the formula D r For M in discharging operation 5 (or M) 8 ) Of the duty cycle of (c). Mode 2 continues until i p Reduced to zero, duration T of mode 2 in discharge mode 2Mr Is composed of
Figure BDA0002500814240000114
Mode 3 (t) 2 ≤t<t 3 ): after mode 2, only the secondary side ni m Passing a magnetizing current of M 7 And M 6 . At the same time, v can be deduced cr (t 2 ) The following were used:
Figure BDA0002500814240000115
v crr is v cr Peak voltage during discharge. When M is 6 Peak magnetizing current pair M on secondary side when turned off 5 And M 6 Drain-source capacitance C ds Charging and discharging are performed. The first half-cycle consisting of modes 1-3 is to charge the capacitor C v By M 2 And M 3 The charge cycle of the channel, the next half cycle consisting of modes 4-6 is the charge capacitor C v And M 1 、M 3 The charging cycle of (a). The two half-cycle operations of modes 1-3 and modes 4-6 are substantially the same except for the rectifying operation portion.

Claims (3)

1. A control method of a bidirectional isolation type resonance power converter based on a virtual synchronous motor is characterized in that a power grid alternating current bus passes through line impedance Z ac Filter resistor R ac And the LC filter is connected to the AC side of the AC interface converter; the DC side of the AC interface converter passes through a DC capacitor C dc Connecting a DC/DC converter; the DC/DC converter passes through a voltage stabilizing capacitor C f And a filter inductor L f Finally, connected to a power battery; the control method is characterized in that the AC interface converter is virtualized to be a synchronous motor according to the structural similarity of a three-phase synchronous motor model and the AC interface converter, the control method comprises three parts of active power control, virtual excitation control and voltage and current double closed-loop control, and the control method of each part is as follows:
(1) Active power control: setting the pole pair number of the virtual synchronous motor to be 1, the torque equation can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002500814230000011
wherein J represents the moment of inertia of the synchronous machine in kg.m 2 ,ω N Representing grid trafficRated angular velocity of flow, unit rad/s; p e And P m Electromagnetic and mechanical power of the synchronous motor respectively; delta is the power angle of the generator, unit rad; omega is the virtual rotor angular frequency of the synchronous motor, in units rad/s; k is a radical of ω The droop coefficient is an alternating current primary frequency modulation coefficient; the active power control part is mainly used for realizing active power closed loop and generating mechanical torque; the active power is calculated from the ac side voltage and current and is expressed as:
P=u a i a +u b i b +u c i c
in the formula u a 、u b 、u c Is the terminal voltage of the synchronous machine i a 、i b 、i c Is the terminal current of the synchronous motor;
(2) Virtual excitation control: in the virtual excitation control part, the excitation control of the generator is simulated, the alternating voltage and the reactive power are controlled and adjusted, and the virtual potential effective value E of the virtual synchronous motor model is adjusted to enable the virtual synchronous motor model to emit reactive power; the virtual potential effective value E of the virtual synchronous machine is composed of 3 parts in total:
one, part Δ E of reactive power regulation Q The second is the part of the voltage regulation at the end of the reactor, delta E U The automatic excitation regulator can be equivalent to a synchronous motor, and the third is the effective value E of the no-load potential of the synchronous motor 0 (ii) a The virtual potential effective value of the motor is as follows:
E=E 0 +ΔE Q +ΔE U
the vector value of the motor virtual potential is expressed as:
Figure FDA0002500814230000021
(3) Voltage current double closed loop control: based on KVL's law, the electromagnetic equation for a synchronous machine can be expressed as:
Figure FDA0002500814230000022
wherein
Figure FDA0002500814230000027
Is an alternating side voltage; l and R are respectively stator inductance and resistance of synchronous motor, and the values are respectively taken as filter inductance L of LC filter of AC interface ac And a filter resistor R ac The value of (a) is,
Figure FDA0002500814230000026
is the current of the alternating-current interface,
Figure FDA0002500814230000028
is AC bus side current, and C is C in filter capacitor of LC filter ac A value of (d); and obtaining a signal e through voltage-current double closed-loop control, inputting the signal e as a modulation wave into SPWM for modulation, generating a control signal of the AC interface converter, and controlling the on and off of each IGBT tube of the AC interface converter.
2. The virtual synchronous machine-based bidirectional isolated resonant power converter control method of claim 1, wherein a primary side and a secondary side of a DC/DC converter direct current side are connected by a CLC resonant module, the CLC resonant module including a capacitor C on the primary side for voltage multiplication operation v And a resonant capacitor C on the secondary side for resonant PWM operation r And a resonant inductor L r A constituent resonant structure; the DC/DC converter has 8 switches for charge or discharge operation, including M on the primary side 1 、M 2 、M 3 、M 4 Four IGBT tubes and M on secondary side 5 、M 6 、M 7 、M 8 And four IGBT tubes.
3. The virtual synchronous machine-based bidirectional isolated resonant power converter control method of claim 2, wherein (one) in the charging operation, power flow is from M 1 ~M 4 Control, M 5 ~M 8 Diode forFull-bridge rectification; suppose a resonant capacitor voltage v cr Not exceeding the battery voltage V batt ,M 3 Initially in a conducting state; a complete charging process is divided into 6 modes according to the time sequence:
mode 1 (t) 0 ≤t<t 1 ): when M is 1 At t 0 Is on and the primary current i p Flows through M 1 ,M 3 And a transformer primary side; secondary side current i s Increases from zero and flows through C r ,L r ,M 5 、M 7 And a converter secondary side; v can be derived from the equivalent circuit of mode 1 cr And i s :
Figure FDA0002500814230000023
Figure FDA0002500814230000024
Wherein:
Figure FDA0002500814230000025
V crf is v cr Peak voltage, V, during charging operation dc Is a DC capacitor C dc Voltage at two ends; primary current i p Is a primary side current i s And a magnetizing current i m Summing; n is the turn ratio of a secondary side of the DC/DC converter; when M1 is turned off, the primary current is used to couple M 1 And M 2 Drain-source capacitance C ds Carrying out charge and discharge; if the drain-source capacitance C of M2 ds Complete discharge before the end of mode 1, M can be achieved 2 The zero voltage switch of (2);
mode 2 (t) 1 ≤t<t 2 ):M 2 On, mode 2 starts; primary current i p Flows through M 3 、M 2 And a transformer primary side; secondary electricityStream i s Maintain the same current path as mode 1 until i s Reducing to zero; from the equivalent circuit of mode 2, v cr And i s Expressed as:
v cr (t)=-V batt -(V cr (t 1 )+V batt )cosω r (t-t 1 )+Z r i Lr (t 1 )sinω r (t-t 1 )
Figure FDA0002500814230000031
from the above formula, i can be obtained Lr (t 1 ) And v cr (t 1 ) The following are:
Figure FDA0002500814230000032
Figure FDA0002500814230000033
in the formula D f When charging M 1 (or M) 4 ) Duty ratio, T s For driving the signal switching period, the duration T of mode 2 can be derived from the above equation 2Mf
Figure FDA0002500814230000034
Mode 3 (t) 2 ≤t<t 3 ): after mode 2, only the magnetizing current i m By M 3 And M 2 Circulating; in mode 3, the resonant capacitor voltage v cr Is maintained as v cr (t 2 ) Is a number V crf A peak value of the defined resonance capacitance; can obtain V crf
Figure FDA0002500814230000035
V crf Should not exceed V batt To prevent M 5 And M 7 The body diode is abnormally conductive, so that normal work is ensured; only M 3 And M 4 C of (A) ds Peak magnetizing current is adopted for charging and discharging; if M is 4 Drain-source capacitance C ds Complete discharge before the end of mode 3, M can be achieved 4 The zero voltage switch of (1); the operation of the next half cycle consisting of modes 4-6 is the same as the previous half cycle;
power flow from M in discharge process 5 ~M 8 Controlling; in order to increase the voltage gain, a diode M is used 1 And M 2 As a voltage doubler rectifier, to make M 3 Is in a conducting state; capacitor C v As a power supply capacitor for supplying power; a complete discharge process is divided into 6 modes in time sequence:
mode 1 (t) 0 ≤t<t 1 ): when M8 is at t 0 When the switch is turned on, a secondary current passes through L r 、C r 、M 8 、M 6 And a DC/DC converter secondary side; primary current i p Starting from zero and increasing by M 2 、M 3 、C v And a DC/DC converter primary side; v. of cr Primary current i p And a primary current ni of the secondary side p Can be approximately derived as:
Figure FDA0002500814230000041
Figure FDA0002500814230000042
v crr is v cr Peak voltage during discharge; secondary current equal to ni p And a magnetizing current ni m Summing; when M is 8 When closed, i s For making M 7 To a zero voltage switching state;
Mode 2 (t) 1 ≤t<t 2 ): when M is 7 On, mode 2 starts, i p Beginning to descend; v is obtained from the equivalent circuit of mode 2 cr And ni p Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0002500814230000043
Figure FDA0002500814230000044
using a similar assumption here as for charging mode of operation 2, ni can be derived p (t 1 ) And v cr (t 1 ):
Figure FDA0002500814230000045
Figure FDA0002500814230000046
In the formula D r For M in discharging operation 5 Or M 8 Until i, mode 2 continues p Reduced to zero, duration T of mode 2 in discharge mode 2Mr Is composed of
Figure FDA0002500814230000047
Mode 3 (t) 2 ≤t<t 3 ): after mode 2, only the secondary side magnetizing current ni m By M 7 And M 6 At the same time, v can be deduced cr (t 2 ) The following were used:
Figure FDA0002500814230000051
v crr is v cr Peak voltage during discharge; when M is 6 Peak magnetizing current pair M on secondary side when turned off 5 And M 6 C of (A) ds Charging and discharging; the first half cycle consisting of modes 1-3 is to charge capacitor C v By M 2 And M 3 The charge cycle of the channel, the next half cycle consisting of modes 4-6 is the charge capacitor C v And M 1 、M 3 A charging cycle of (a); except for the rectifying operation portion, the discharge process modes 1 to 3 are the same as the two half-cycle operations of the modes 4 to 6.
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