CN111512928A - Biodegradable plastic base soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biodegradable plastic base soil and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111512928A CN111512928A CN202010471971.XA CN202010471971A CN111512928A CN 111512928 A CN111512928 A CN 111512928A CN 202010471971 A CN202010471971 A CN 202010471971A CN 111512928 A CN111512928 A CN 111512928A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/13—Zeolites
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F251/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
- C08J3/246—Intercrosslinking of at least two polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0061—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/26—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a solid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. leaching out
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2351/00—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2351/02—Characterised by the use of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives of such polymers grafted on to polysaccharides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2401/00—Characterised by the use of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08J2401/26—Cellulose ethers
- C08J2401/28—Alkyl ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2467/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2467/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxy carboxylic acids, e.g. lactones
Abstract
The invention discloses biodegradable plastic base soil and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of preparation of nutrient soil. The invention discloses biodegradable plastic rampart which is prepared from base soil, plant fiber, diatomite, zeolite, attapulgite, vermiculite and biodegradable composite material by uniformly stirring and mixing the base soil, the plant fiber, the diatomite, the zeolite, the attapulgite, the vermiculite and the biodegradable composite material, then carrying out low-temperature sterilization treatment, heating and pressurizing. The biodegradable plastic barrier soil provided by the invention has the characteristics of plastic molding, difficult soil scattering and no environmental pollution, can be used for planting various plants, has excellent water retention and air permeability, meets the reusable requirements of the three-dimensional greening industry, and can also meet the degradable use requirements of dry soil mechanical planting and desertification plant planting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of nutrient soil, and particularly relates to biodegradable plastic nutrient soil.
Background
The nutrient soil is bed soil which is specially prepared for satisfying the growth and development of seedlings, contains various mineral nutrients, is loose and ventilated, has strong water and fertilizer retention capacity and does not have diseases and insect pests. In order to meet the requirements of flower nursery stock on growth and development, according to different requirements of various varieties on soil, the culture soil which is specially and manually prepared and contains abundant nutrients, has good drainage and air permeability, can preserve moisture and fertilizer, does not crack when being dry, does not stick when being wet and does not crust after being watered is used. Along with global warming and pollution aggravation, the environmental protection consciousness of modern people is enhanced, and then the high-speed development of garden greening and flower seedling industries is driven, how to ensure that the culture soil is not lost and scattered and can be solidified, the water retention capacity of the soil is enhanced, and meanwhile, the ventilation and air permeability of the culture soil are kept, so that the development direction of people is formed.
In recent years, in large and medium-sized cities, greening is performed on high-rise floors such as roofs, artificial slopes, and high-rise wall surfaces in order to promote greening and protect the environment. At present, a common method is to fill nutrient soil in a plastic tray or wrap the plastic tray with non-woven fabrics, and then the whole plant is put on a roof and an artificial slope together with a bag.
The population aging of China is gradually accelerated, the population in rural areas is gradually reduced, the mechanization and scale of agricultural activities are continuously promoted, and the automatic rice transplanter and the rice seedling throwing technology are widely adopted. At present, the seedlings wrapped with culture soil are usually taken out of the plastic mold and placed into an automatic transplanter for planting, but the culture soil of the root system part of the plant is not good in fixing effect and is easy to disperse when collision is received, so that the planting efficiency of the planter is not high. The existing arbor planting base plate technology is the main research direction of the vegetation recovery, the technology can realize the early survival and the subsequent sustainable growth of arbor planting under the condition of not carrying out artificial normalized watering and fertilizing, the survival of single trees is ensured by water-retaining nutrient soil in the base plate, and the groundwater in rock cracks is fully drawn after the root system of the trees enters wet roots at the bottom of the base plate, so that the later-period sustainable growth of the trees is realized. However, the base plate nutrient soil of the technology is easy to disperse during collision in the transplanting process, and the planting efficiency is affected.
The Chinese patent CN105367216B discloses a plastic fiber culture soil and a preparation method thereof, the culture soil can be shaped in a plastic way, the property of easy scattering of soil is changed, and the culture soil has good water holding rate. However, the culture soil contains bi-component hot-melt bonding composite fibers, belongs to non-degradable plastics, is easy to cause pollution in the environment due to waste, and does not accord with the green environmental protection idea advocated at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides biodegradable plastic barrier soil, which mainly aims to be plastic-molded, prevent soil from scattering easily, avoid environment pollution, plant various plants, and have excellent water retention and air permeability so as to meet the reusable requirements of the three-dimensional greening industry and the degradable use requirements of mechanical dry soil planting and desertification plant planting.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention provides biodegradable plastic clay which comprises, by weight, 20-40 parts of base soil, 15-30 parts of plant fibers, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of zeolite, 10-30 parts of attapulgite, 5-10 parts of vermiculite and 5-10 parts of biodegradable composite material, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the base soil, the plant fiber, the diatomite, the zeolite, the attapulgite, the vermiculite and the biodegradable composite material are stirred and mixed uniformly, then low-temperature sterilization treatment is carried out, and the biodegradable plastic barrier soil with the required shape is prepared by heating and pressurizing at 160-180 ℃.
Furthermore, the plant fiber is prepared by drying and crushing crop straws, sawdust, algae, bamboo sawdust or leaves and other plants, and the length of the plant fiber is 5-8 mm.
Further, the particle size of the diatomite and the zeolite is 3-6 mm; the particle size of the attapulgite and the vermiculite is 1-3 mm.
Furthermore, the particle size of the biodegradable composite material is 0.5-0.9 mm.
Further, the biodegradable composite material is composed of biodegradable polymer, polycaprolactone, starch and cellulose, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of grafted starch: adding starch into water, stirring and heating to 70-90 ℃, carrying out gelatinization reaction for 30-50min, then cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding an initiator, stirring for 30min, then adding an acrylic acid solution and a cross-linking agent, reacting for 1-3h, filtering, washing for 3 times by using deionized water, drying for 2-3h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the required grafted starch with a three-dimensional network structure;
(2) graft starch/polycaprolactone blend: adding the grafted starch and polycaprolactone into a high-efficiency drum mixer, mixing at the rotating speed of 120-;
(3) preparing a composite material: adding the grafted starch/PCL mixture into a high-efficiency rotary drum mixer, adding a biodegradable polymer and cellulose, mixing at the rotating speed of 160-180rpm at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 10-20min, and performing extrusion granulation to obtain a composite material;
(4) adding the composite material into a mixed solution of 90% DMSO and 10% water, keeping the temperature for 2h at 40-60 ℃, filtering, washing with deionized water for 3 times, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 1-2h, and pulverizing to obtain the porous reticular biodegradable composite material.
Further, the biodegradable polymer is one or more of polybutylene succinate and a copolymer thereof, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate and polyvinyl alcohol biodegradable plastic.
Further, in the step (1), the initiator is ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite, and the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, wherein the mass ratio of the starch to the acrylic acid is 1 (7-9), the mass of the initiator is 2.5-3.5% of the mass of the starch, and the mass of the cross-linking agent is 0.25-0.35% of the mass of the starch. The mass ratio of the ammonium persulfate to the sodium bisulfite is (2-5) to 6.
Further, the mass ratio of the grafted starch to the polycaprolactone in the step (2) is 10: (1-3).
Further, the cellulose in the step (3) is one of ethyl cellulose and hydroxymethyl cellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the grafted starch/PCL mixture to the biodegradable polymer cellulose is 10: (2-4): (0.2-0.4).
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
1. the biodegradable composite material adopts acrylic acid grafted starch, hydrogen bonds can be formed between acrylic acid and starch molecules in the grafted starch, and chains of glucose form a net with each other, so that the grafted starch with a three-dimensional net structure is formed. The three-dimensional network structure is distributed with a plurality of ion groups, and water molecules enter the network structure and then are bonded with the ions to be adsorbed and fixed in the network. The network has elasticity, so that a large amount of water molecules can be accommodated, the biodegradable composite material can be used as a water retention agent to be applied to the base soil, and has excellent water absorption and water retention property, and the base soil also has good air permeability due to the three-dimensional network structure.
2. The biodegradable composite material of the invention is a blend with a network structure obtained by crosslinking and mixing polycaprolactone and grafted starch at high temperature and high pressure. Polycaprolactone has good mechanical property and thermal stability, and also has excellent toughness and compatibility, can improve the thermal stability of the grafted starch and the biodegradable polymer, improve the toughness of the starch, reduce the hydrophilicity of the grafted starch, and strengthen the compatibility with the biodegradable polymer and the soil-base matrix.
3. The biodegradable composite material is prepared by blending a biodegradable polymer and a grafted starch/polycaprolactone mixture, and the biodegradable polymer and the grafted starch/polycaprolactone are crosslinked and blended, so that the thermoplasticity of the biodegradable composite material is further improved, and the biodegradable composite material is processed into finished products in various shapes; the grafted starch with strong cohesiveness and the polycaprolactone with good compatibility ensure that the components of the biodegradable composite material have good compatibility, and the biodegradable composite material and the soil-covering matrix have good compatibility, thereby being beneficial to the plastic stability of the biodegradable composite material and effectively realizing various service performances in the soil.
4. The biodegradable composite material is dissolved by adopting a solution of 90 percent DMSO and 10 percent water at a high temperature, and is used for dissolving starch which is not grafted in the starch grafting reaction process to prepare the porous biodegradable composite material. Because starch is easy to form gel with water, the biodegradable composite material containing starch is easy to be mixed with the soil-blocking matrix to form balls, and the balls cannot be smoothly and uniformly stirred and cannot be uniformly combined with the soil-blocking matrix, so that the porosity and the structural strength of a final product are influenced.
5. The plant fiber is from discarded crops, resources are reasonably utilized, the price is low, the length of the plant fiber is set to be 5-8mm, the plant fiber with the size is effectively matched with the granularity of the biodegradable composite material to be subjected to hot melt adhesion, so that a three-dimensional network structure is formed between the plant fiber and the biodegradable composite material, and the plant fiber has good water retention and air permeability.
6. The diatomite has the characteristics of light weight, porosity and strong permeability, and the particle size of the diatomite is combined with other components in the base soil, so that the base soil has better water retention performance, and the porosity of the internal structure of the base soil is optimal; the zeolite is an aqueous alkali metal or alkali metal aluminosilicate mineral, has the characteristics of adsorptivity, ion exchange property and the like, and can provide a required nutrient medium for plants; the attapulgite enables the subsoil to have excellent adsorbability, plays a role in deinsectization and sterilization and provides essential trace elements for plant growth; the vermiculite has light weight, good ventilation, water retention and water permeability, has high cation replacement amount, and can provide required nutrition for plants and maintain good water retention rate.
7. The melting temperature and the decomposition temperature of the components of the biodegradable composite material are not greatly different, so that the processing temperature requirement is strict during the plastic soil-blocking heating treatment, and the temperature is generally controlled to be 140-160 ℃, thereby being favorable for the good bonding effect between the biodegradable composite material and the components of the soil-blocking, and the biodegradable composite material can not generate thermal decomposition; the biodegradable composite material can be completely decomposed by environmental microorganisms, is combined with various components of the base soil, is naturally degraded in a certain time and under certain conditions, and cannot burden the natural environment.
8. The biodegradable composite material can be fused with a soil-covering matrix, and the biodegradable composite material with solidifiable and plasticity is prepared by blending the biodegradable polymer and the grafted starch by mainly utilizing the processing and forming characteristics of the biodegradable polymer. The composite material has less addition of biodegradable polymer and low cost because the main component is starch; and due to the existence of the grafted starch, the grafted starch has excellent water retention; the porous three-dimensional network structure can be uniformly combined with all components of the soil, is not easy to form balls, and forms good plant growth pores.
9. The base soil has good water holding performance, no water-retaining agent needs to be added, the cost is saved, the environmental burden is reduced, and the original curing structure of the base soil is ensured.
10. The base soil can be solidified and molded, so that the problems of soil scattering and water washing loss are solved, and basic nutrient substances in the base soil required by plants are guaranteed; the soil-building agent has the characteristics of light soil-building weight, good construction curing property, good water retention property and the like, can realize ecological environment restoration such as three-dimensional greening, high-rise greening engineering, desertification and the like, and does not pollute the environment; after the small seedlings are wrapped by the base soil, the drought soil can be mechanically planted in the soil without recovery, and the drought soil can be degraded by microorganisms in the soil, so that the environment is not polluted, and the greening and environment-friendly effects are realized.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples are presented to observe and calculate the relevant physical properties of the biodegradable plastic casing soil of the present invention, such as porosity, water retention, plant growth status, casing soil stability, pH value and soil particle composition.
1. And (3) measuring the porosity of the plastic rampart: the pore structure of the soil is a containing space for water and air in the soil and also a living space for plant roots, and is an important index of the growth condition of plants.
The soil porosity is the percentage of the soil void volume in the soil volume, and the formula is as follows: the soil porosity (%) (1-volume weight/specific gravity) is 100%, and the volume weight refers to the ratio of the weight of naturally dry soil to the weight of water with the same volume in a unit volume (including a void volume); the specific gravity is a ratio of the weight of solid soil particles (soil particle bodies excluding voids) per unit volume to the weight of water of the same volume.
2. Measurement of Water holding Property: and soaking the rampart blocks in water for 30min to make the rampart blocks fully absorb water, taking out until no free water flows out, weighing, and weighing after 5 hours. And (3) putting the soil sample in an oven at 105 +/-2 ℃ and drying to constant weight, so that the contained water (including hygroscopic water) is completely evaporated, and the water content of the soil is calculated. The concrete steps refer to the operation of the soil moisture determination method according to GB 7172-.
3. And (3) observing the growth condition of the plants: in each of examples and comparative examples, the growth of seedlings was observed 30 days after cucumber sowing.
The seedlings of the planted cucumber are strong in diameter and difficult to pull up, leaves are flourishing and emerald green, and the mark is good; the cucumber seedlings are strong and difficult to pull up and fall, and the leaves are in a common state and are marked as good; the cucumber seedlings are small and easy to pull up and pour, and the leaf state is general and is marked as general; others are noted as poor.
4. The pH value is measured: and (3) crushing a small amount of rampart soil blocks, uniformly stirring the crushed rampart soil blocks in distilled water, fully dissolving the crushed rampart soil blocks, soaking the pH test paper in the distilled water, observing the color change of the pH test paper, and comparing the color change of the pH test paper with the corresponding number of a standard color comparison card when the color of the pH test paper is basically stable and unchanged, so as to accurately read out the teaching characters of the pH value of the soil.
5. Determination of soil particle composition: the soil is composed of granules with different grain sizes, and the relative content of the granules in each grain size, namely the granules, has profound influence on the water, heat, fertilizer and gas conditions of the soil. Soil particle analysis is to determine the particle composition of soil and to determine the texture type of soil. The test uses a method for measuring texture by hand, and the test is carried out according to the national standard GB7845-1987 determination and classification standard of forest soil particle composition (mechanical composition) (table below).
TABLE 1 soil particle grading Standard
6. And (3) observing the stability of the plant growth soil: and (5) observing the integrity of the root block of the seedling when the seedling is picked up 30 days after the cucumber is planted.
Easy extraction, no scattering of the earth building blocks, and marked as 4; easy extraction, the part of the rampart is scattered and is marked as 3; difficult extraction, the stacking blocks are scattered and marked as 2; the soil blocks could not be extracted and scattered completely like gravel, and are marked as 1.
The biodegradable composite material consists of biodegradable polymer, polycaprolactone, starch and cellulose, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) preparation of grafted starch: adding starch into water, stirring and heating to 70-90 ℃, carrying out gelatinization reaction for 30-50min, then cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding an initiator, stirring for 30min, then adding an acrylic acid solution and a cross-linking agent, reacting for 1-3h, filtering, washing for 3 times by using deionized water, drying for 2-3h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the required grafted starch with a three-dimensional network structure;
2) graft starch/polycaprolactone blend: adding the grafted starch and polycaprolactone into a high-efficiency drum mixer, mixing at the rotating speed of 120-;
3) preparing a composite material: adding the grafted starch/PCL mixture into a high-efficiency rotary drum mixer, adding a biodegradable polymer and cellulose, mixing at the rotating speed of 160-180rpm at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 10-20min, and performing extrusion granulation to obtain a composite material;
4) adding the composite material into a mixed solution of 90% DMSO and 10% water, keeping the temperature for 2h at 40-60 ℃, filtering, washing with deionized water for 3 times, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 1-2h, and pulverizing to obtain the porous reticular biodegradable composite material.
The biodegradable polymer is one or more of polybutylene succinate and copolymer thereof, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate and polyvinyl alcohol biodegradable plastics.
In the step 1), the treatment method of the acrylic acid solution comprises the following steps: adding NaOH solution into acrylic acid, and adjusting the pH value to 6-8 to obtain acrylic acid solution.
In the step 1), the initiator is ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite, the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, wherein the mass ratio of starch to acrylic acid is 1 (7-9), the mass of the initiator is 2.5-3.5% of the mass of starch, and the mass of the cross-linking agent is 0.25-0.35% of the mass of starch; the mass ratio of the ammonium persulfate to the sodium bisulfite is (2-5) to 6.
The mass ratio of the grafted starch to the polycaprolactone in the step 2) is 10: (1-3).
The cellulose in the step 3) is one of ethyl cellulose and hydroxymethyl cellulose, wherein the mass ratio of the grafted starch/PCL mixture to the biodegradable polymer cellulose is 10: (2-4): (0.2-0.4).
The processing temperature of the extrusion granulation in the step 3) is 160-180 DEG C
In the biodegradable composite material of the subsequent embodiment or the comparative example of the present invention, the biodegradable polymer is selected from polyhydroxyalkanoate; the mass ratio of the starch to the acrylic acid is 1:8, the mass of the initiator is 3.0% of the mass of the starch, and the mass of the cross-linking agent is 0.3% of the mass of the starch; the mass ratio of ammonium persulfate to sodium bisulfite is 2: 3; the mass ratio of the grafted starch to the polycaprolactone is 5: 1; the cellulose is hydroxymethyl cellulose; the mass ratio of the grafted starch/PCL mixture to the biodegradable polymer to the cellulose is 100: 30: 3.
the base soil in the biodegradable plastic base soil component of the present invention may be loess as in the following examples and comparative examples, or may be sterilized garden soil.
Example 1: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A1
(1) Drying and crushing straws in the sun to prepare plant fiber powder with the length of 6mm, then mixing 20 parts of the plant fiber powder, 30 parts of loess, 15 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of the soil-blocking base material of the biodegradable composite material, and uniformly stirring.
(2) And (2) performing low-temperature sterilization treatment on the base material mixed and prepared in the step (1), heating at 160 ℃ for 5min, and performing film pressing molding on the plastic base soil by using a pressing device to obtain a plastic base soil block A1. And then the porosity, water retention, plant growth condition, soil-setting stability, pH value and soil particle composition of the plastic soil-setting block are detected according to the test method, and the detected result is shown in table 2.
Example 2: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A2
The preparation method of the A2 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A2 comprises 30 parts of plant fiber powder, 20 parts of loess, 15 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 2.
Example 3: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A3
The preparation method of the A3 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A3 comprises 15 parts of plant fiber powder, 40 parts of loess, 15 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 2.
Example 4: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A4
The preparation method of A4 is the same as A1 in example 1, the specific steps refer to example 1, and it is noted that the plant fiber powder is straw sun-dried powder with the length of 5 mm. The results are shown in Table 2.
Example 5: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A5
The preparation method of A5 is the same as A1 in example 1, the specific steps refer to example 1, and it is noted that the plant fiber powder is straw sun-dried powder with the length of 8 mm. The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 1: preparation of culture soil B1
The preparation method of B1 is the same as A1 in example 1, the concrete steps refer to example 1, and it is noted that the plant fiber powder is straw sun-dried powder with the length of 3 mm. The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 2: preparation of culture soil B2
The preparation method of B2 is the same as A1 in example 1, the concrete steps refer to example 1, and it is noted that the plant fiber powder is straw sun-dried powder with the length of 9 mm. The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 3: preparation of culture soil B3
The preparation method of B3 is the same as A1 in example 1, the concrete steps refer to example 1, and the mixture ratio of the culture soil base material in B3 is 0 part of plant fiber powder, 30 parts of loess, 35 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 2.
Comparative example 4: preparation of culture soil B4
The preparation method of B4 is the same as A1 in example 1, the concrete steps refer to example 1, and the mixture ratio of the culture soil base material in B4 is 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 30 parts of loess, 35 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 0 part of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 TABLE OF TEST RESULTS OF EXAMPLES 1-5 AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-4
As can be seen from Table 2, the culture soil has no plastic forming property without adding the biodegradable composite material, and the plant fiber powder has great influence on the void structure of the plastic soil, and the larger the adding amount of the plant fiber powder is, the porosity is correspondingly increased, and the stability of plant growth is reduced. When the length of the plant fiber powder is between 5 and 8mm, the comprehensive performance of the plastic soil is optimal, and the plant fiber powder is most suitable for biological growth.
In the invention, the particle size of the diatomite is 5mm, the particle size of the zeolite is 3-6mm, and the particle size of the attapulgite and the vermiculite is 1-3mm in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4.
The following examples are the effect on the content of components in the base soil material on the plastic base soil.
Example 6: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A6
The preparation method of the A6 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A6 comprises 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 35 parts of loess, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 3.
Example 7: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A7
The preparation method of the A7 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A7 comprises 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 30 parts of loess, 20 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 3.
Example 8: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A8
The preparation method of the A8 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A8 comprises 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 22 parts of loess, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 30 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 3.
Example 9: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A9
The preparation method of the A9 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A9 comprises 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 30 parts of loess, 10 parts of diatomite, 7 parts of zeolite, 20 parts of attapulgite, 5 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 3.
Example 10: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A10
The preparation method of A10 is the same as A1 in example 1, the specific steps refer to example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in A10 comprises 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 30 parts of loess, 15 parts of diatomite, 7 parts of zeolite, 10 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 3.
Example 11: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A11
The preparation method of the A11 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A11 comprises 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 33 parts of loess, 15 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 5 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 3.
Example 12: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A12
The preparation method of the A12 is the same as that of the A1 in the example 1, the concrete steps refer to the example 1, and the soil-blocking base material in the A12 comprises 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 28 parts of loess, 15 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of biodegradable composite material. The results are shown in Table 3.
Comparative example 5: the invention patent CN105367216B discloses a plastic fiber culture soil, which is an active fiber block B5 prepared in the embodiment example 1. The obtained activated fiber block B5 was subjected to the test items and methods as described in example 1, and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 TABLE of test results of examples 6 to 12 and comparative example 5
The detection results in table 3 show that the optimal ratio of the plastic barrier soil is 20 parts of plant fiber powder, 30 parts of loess, 15 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of zeolite, 12 parts of attapulgite, 10 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of biodegradable composite material, and the plastic barrier soil with the optimal ratio has the best comprehensive properties and is the optimal growth soil of cucumber. According to different types of plants, the content of the plastic rampart components can be properly changed to obtain the optimal growth state of the plants.
Example 13: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A13
A13 was prepared in the same manner as A1 in example 1, except that the process was as described in example 1, except that the diatomaceous earth had a particle size of 3 mm. The results are shown in Table 4.
Example 14: preparation of biodegradable plastic base soil A14
A14 was prepared in the same manner as A1 in example 1, except that the specific procedure was as described in example 1, except that the diatomaceous earth had a particle size of 6 mm. The results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 6: culture soil B6
The preparation method of B6 is the same as A1 in example 1, the concrete steps refer to example 1, and the particle size of diatomite is 2 mm. The results are shown in Table 4.
Comparative example 7: culture soil B7
The preparation method of B7 is the same as A1 in example 1, the concrete steps refer to example 1, and the particle size of diatomite is 7 mm. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 TABLE of test results of examples 13 to 14 and comparative examples 6 to 7
From the detection results in table 4, it can be seen that the particle size of the diatomite has a certain influence on the pore structure and the water binding capacity of the plastic barrier soil, and the too large or too small particle size of the diatomite is not beneficial to the stability of the plastic barrier soil, and through comparative analysis, the plastic barrier soil can better meet the plant growth requirement when the particle size of the diatomite is controlled to be 3-6 mm.
It is noted that the preparation method of the base soil of the invention can also be as follows: uniformly stirring and mixing the base soil, the plant fiber, the diatomite, the zeolite, the attapulgite, the vermiculite and the biodegradable composite material, performing low-temperature sterilization treatment, then adding sufficient water to enable the mixture to be in a fully saturated water absorption state, and heating and pressurizing at the temperature of 140-. The water is added in the processing process, and the formation of a three-dimensional network structure is more easily facilitated through the water evaporation process, so that the porous material has higher porosity and is beneficial to the growth of plants.
When sowing seeds in the subsoil, the seeds are generally sown after the subsoil heating treatment (i.e. the biodegradable composite material and other components of the subsoil are heated and melted). The base soil can be used for sowing and can also be used for cuttage.
The soil-building curing and forming method has the following plants suitable for planting: watermelon, towel gourd, pepper, grape, lily, peony, chrysanthemum, rose, eggplant, kidney bean, balsam pear, sweet osmanthus, rose and the like, and the content of the ingredients of the base soil can be changed according to different nutrients required by plants.
The biodegradable plastic building soil has the characteristics of solidification forming and biodegradation, has excellent water retention performance and ventilation property, is beneficial to plant growth, can be applied to the fields of three-dimensional greening and environmental restoration, and can also be applied to roof greening, wall greening and desertification control. The plastic building soil can be recycled and can be biodegraded in the environment, so that the environment is not polluted, and the greening and environmental protection are realized.
The technical features of the embodiments described above can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A biodegradable plastic rampart is characterized by comprising 20-40 parts of foundation soil, 15-30 parts of plant fiber, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of zeolite, 10-30 parts of attapulgite, 5-10 parts of vermiculite and 5-10 parts of biodegradable composite material by weight, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the base soil, the plant fiber, the diatomite, the zeolite, the attapulgite, the vermiculite and the biodegradable composite material are stirred and mixed uniformly, then low-temperature sterilization treatment is carried out, and the biodegradable plastic barrier soil with the required shape is prepared by heating and pressurizing at the temperature of 140-.
2. The biodegradable plastic rampart as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plant fiber is prepared by sun-drying crop straw, wood chips, algae, bamboo chips or leaves, and pulverizing, and the length of the plant fiber is 5-8 mm.
3. The biodegradable plastic barrier soil according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the diatomite and the zeolite is 3-6 mm; the particle size of the attapulgite and the vermiculite is 1-3 mm.
4. The biodegradable plastic barrier soil as set forth in claim 1, wherein said biodegradable composite material has a particle size of 0.5-0.9 mm.
5. A biodegradable plastic subsoil according to claim 4, characterized in that said biodegradable composite material is composed of biodegradable polymers, polycaprolactone, starch and cellulose, the preparation method of which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of grafted starch: adding starch into water, stirring and heating to 70-90 ℃, carrying out gelatinization reaction for 30-50min, then cooling to 50-60 ℃, adding an initiator, stirring for 30min, then adding an acrylic acid solution and a cross-linking agent, reacting for 1-3h, filtering, washing for 3 times by using deionized water, drying for 2-3h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the required grafted starch with a three-dimensional network structure;
(2) graft starch/polycaprolactone blend: adding the grafted starch and polycaprolactone into a high-efficiency drum mixer, mixing at the rotating speed of 120-;
(3) preparing a composite material: adding the grafted starch/PCL mixture into a high-efficiency rotary drum mixer, adding a biodegradable polymer and cellulose, mixing at the rotating speed of 160-180rpm at the temperature of 60-80 ℃ for 10-20min, and performing extrusion granulation to obtain a composite material;
(4) adding the composite material into a mixed solution of 90% DMSO and 10% water, keeping the temperature for 2h at 40-60 ℃, filtering, washing with deionized water for 3 times, drying at 60-80 ℃ for 1-2h, and pulverizing to obtain the porous reticular biodegradable composite material.
6. The biodegradable plastic rampart as claimed in claim 5, wherein the biodegradable polymer is one or more selected from polybutylene succinate and its copolymer, polylactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoate, and polyvinyl alcohol biodegradable plastic.
7. The biodegradable plastic rampart of claim 5, wherein in the step (1), the initiator is ammonium persulfate/sodium bisulfite, the cross-linking agent is N, N' -methylene bisacrylamide, the mass ratio of the starch to the acrylic acid is 1 (7-9), the mass of the initiator is 2.5-3.5% of the mass of the starch, and the mass of the cross-linking agent is 0.25-0.35% of the mass of the starch.
8. The biodegradable plastic rampart of claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of ammonium persulfate to sodium bisulfite is (2-5): 6.
9. The biodegradable plastic rampart of claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the grafted starch to the polycaprolactone in step (2) is 10: (1-3).
10. The biodegradable plastic rampart of claim 5, wherein the cellulose in step (3) is one of ethyl cellulose and hydroxymethyl cellulose, and the mass ratio of the grafted starch/PCL mixture to the biodegradable polymer cellulose is 10: (2-4): (0.2-0.4).
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| CN114208652A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-22 | 水生藻安生物科技（武汉）有限公司 | Planting culture device for aquatic plant cultivation, preparation method and application |
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