CN111512910A - Winter wheat planting method for adjusting nitrogen fertilizer application period and application amount according to soil basic fertility - Google Patents
Winter wheat planting method for adjusting nitrogen fertilizer application period and application amount according to soil basic fertility Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a winter wheat planting method for adjusting the application period and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer according to the basic fertility of soil, which comprises the following steps: setting a nitrogen-rich area and a nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied, applying base fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied according to 60 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and respectively measuring the dry weights of the root systems of wheat seedlings in the nitrogen-rich area and the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied in the winter-crossing period and the flag-picking period, wherein the dry weights are w1、w2If it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1, no additional application of nitrogen fertilizer is needed; if it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is more than 1, nitrogen fertilizer is applied. According to the method, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is obviously reduced, the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is high, and the yield of wheat is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a winter wheat planting method for adjusting the application period and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer according to the basic fertility of soil.
Background
Wheat has a special status as a main grain crop in China and an important grain for urban and rural residents, and the China has made remarkable progress in breeding high-yield and high-quality wheat varieties, theoretical innovation of high yield of wheat, breakthrough of key technology of wheat production, integration of regional production technical modes and the like in nearly thirty years.
While the grain is continuously high in yield, wheat production in China still has a large gap compared with developed countries in Europe, America and the like. At present, the intellectualization of agricultural machinery and the precision of production management are basically realized in the wheat production of developed countries, and the rapid improvement of the utilization efficiency of agricultural resources and the increase of the production benefit of wheat are driven. Taking the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer as an example, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of wheat in developed countries such as Europe, America and the like is about 50%, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in China is only about 25%. The extensive production management technology leads to the high production cost of wheat in our province and serious shortage of market competitiveness.
Patent 2014105995675 discloses a method for efficiently applying nitrogen fertilizer to wheat in Huang-Huai-Hai wheat area based on soil fertility, which guides the accurate nitrogen fertilizer management of wheat by setting two treatments of a blank plot and a nitrogen-rich plot in the plot, and although the comparison result of the comparison plot and the nitrogen-rich treatment is used as the reference basis for applying nitrogen fertilizer to the field, no method for quantitatively applying nitrogen fertilizer is available, and nitrogen fertilizer cannot be applied accurately.
The information in this background section is only for enhancement of some understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the background technologies, the winter wheat planting method for adjusting the nitrogen fertilizer application period and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount according to the soil basic fertility has the advantages that the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is obviously reduced, the root activity is obviously enhanced, and the wheat yield is high.
Specifically, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a winter wheat planting method for adjusting the application period and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer according to the basic fertility of soil is characterized in that the method adopts a reasonable nitrogen application method; the method comprises the following specific steps:
setting a nitrogen-rich area and a nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied, applying base fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied according to 60 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and respectively measuring the dry weights of the root systems of wheat seedlings in the nitrogen-rich area and the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied in the winter-crossing period and the flag-picking period, wherein the dry weights are w1、w2If it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1, no additional application of nitrogen fertilizer is needed; if it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is more than 1, applying a nitrogen fertilizer; when w is1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is more than 1.5 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is 25 percent of the total nitrogen fertilizer, when 1.4 is more than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.5, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 20% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1.3 is more than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.4, the nitrogen fertilizer is 15 percent of the total nitrogen fertilizer, when 1.2 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.3, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 10% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1.1 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.2, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 5% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.1, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount which is 2.5 percent of the total nitrogen application ratio.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the time for determining the dry weight of the root system is the wintering period: exposing the 5 th leaf of the wheat to the tip; and, a flag picking period: the top leaf of the wheat stem is exposed to the tip.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the time for topdressing the nitrogen fertilizer is the overwintering period: 1-3 days after the 5 th leaf of the wheat is exposed; and/or the dressing time is a flag picking period: 1 day after the top leaf of the wheat stem is exposed.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the nitrogen-rich area is 1.2-1.5 times of the target yield and fertilizer demand, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied according to a base dressing ratio of 5: 5; furthermore, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the nitrogen-rich area is 1.4 times of the fertilizer requirement amount of the target yield. The total nitrogen application quantity ((kg/hm) can be calculated according to the formula2) And (target yield-nitrogen blank space yield) × calculating the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of the target yield by the nitrogen absorption amount/the current utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer per 1kg of produced grains.
In the embodiment of the invention, at least one nitrogen-rich area and at least one nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied are arranged, the area of the nitrogen-rich area is (5-6) mx (5-6) m, and the area of the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied is the same as that of the nitrogen-rich area.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a nitrogen-rich area and a plurality of nitrogen fertilizer application areas are arranged, and the nitrogen-rich area is arranged in the central part of the nitrogen fertilizer application areas; furthermore, an isolation region is arranged between the nitrogen-rich region and the nitrogen fertilizer region to be applied, and the width of the isolation region is 2-3 m.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the wheat is shannon No. 27 winter wheat.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
compared with the prior art, the method saves the more complicated statistics and calculation of the tillering number of the single plant of the wheat seedling, the dry matter quantity of the overground part and the leaf color value.
According to the method of the invention, more accurate nitrogen fertilizer application amount can be obtained, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is obviously reduced, the wheat yield is high, the nitrogen fertilizer is reasonably applied in wheat and agriculture, and the method is particularly suitable for large wheat fields.
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The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the plot selection of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a nitrogen-rich area, 2 is a nitrogen fertilizer application area, 3 is a contrast area, and 4 is a nitrogen blank area.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The inventor has engaged in the production research and technical development work of winter wheat for a long time, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer, analyze and research the influence of different nitrogen application levels on various properties of wheat in different growth periods, carry out statistical analysis according to the research result, and unexpectedly find that the nitrogen application level and certain root system properties have a certain linear relationship under a certain specific base topdressing condition, thereby providing a convenient method for wheat farmers to accurately apply the nitrogen fertilizer, and being suitable for large farms.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
setting a nitrogen-rich area and a nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied, applying base fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied according to 60 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and respectively measuring the dry weights of the root systems of wheat seedlings in the nitrogen-rich area and the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied in the winter-crossing period and the flag-picking period, wherein the dry weights are w1、w2If it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1, no additional application of nitrogen fertilizer is needed; if it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is more than 1, applying a nitrogen fertilizer; when w is1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is more than 1.5 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is 25 percent of the total nitrogen fertilizer, when 1.4 is more than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.5, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 20% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1.3 is more than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.4, the nitrogen fertilizer is 15 percent of the total nitrogen fertilizer, when 1.2 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.3, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 10% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1.1 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.2, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 5% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.1, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount which is 2.5 percent of the total nitrogen application ratio.
It is worth to say that the nitrogen fertilizer application frequency is reduced by aiming at improving the yield of grains, and the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by applying base fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer to-be-applied area according to 60 percent of the total nitrogen application amount.
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
The test method comprises the following steps: the test is carried out in a test field of agricultural science institute of Texas city, Shandong province in 2018/2019 years, the test variety is Shannong No. 27, the test is sowed in 2018 in 10 months and 5 days, the soil is brown soil, the total nitrogen content in the soil is 0.60g/kg, the organic matter content is 14.49g/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen content is 32.49mg/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus is 48.21mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 40.85 mg/kg.
Drilling, as shown in figure 1, arranging a nitrogen-rich area (1) in the middle of the test field, arranging a nitrogen fertilizer to-be-applied area (2), a contrast area (3) and a nitrogen blank area (4) around the test field, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer to-be-applied area, the contrast area (3) and the nitrogen blank area are all 5m × 5m, the width of the isolation area is 2m, the contrast area (3) adopts a local traditional nitrogen applying method, the nitrogen blank area (4) is not applied with nitrogen fertilizer, the planting density is 200 plants/m2The phosphate fertilizer (as P) is applied before sowing2O5Meter) 100kg/hm2Potash fertilizer (in K)2O meter) 100kg/hm2。
The time for measuring the dry weight of the root system is the overwintering period: exposing the 5 th leaf of the wheat to the tip; and, a flag picking period: the top leaf of the wheat stem is exposed to the tip. Randomly selecting 5 parts in each treatment, and digging up an area of 400-600 cm in the row2And fully soaking the soil column with the depth of 40cm, washing the soil column, selecting 50 complete wheat plant root systems, drying the wheat plant root systems in an oven to constant weight, and measuring the dry weight of the root systems. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 average dry weight (unit: mg) of wheat root system per plant in different treatment zones
| Measurement period | Nitrogen rich region w1 | Nitrogen fertilizer topdressing area w2 | w1/w2 |
| Exposing tip of the 5 th leaf of wheat | 104.1 | 80.5 | 1.29 |
| Exposing tip of the uppermost leaf of wheat stem | 321.6 | 244.5 | 1.32 |
The nitrogen applying method comprises the following steps:
determination of total nitrogen application: according to the formula, the total nitrogen application (kg/hm)2) Determining total nitrogen application amount by nitrogen absorption amount/nitrogen fertilizer current season utilization rate of × (target output-nitrogen blank area output) for each 1kg of produced grains, and target output of 8.50t/hm2The yield of nitrogen blank area is 4.50t/hm2The nitrogen absorption amount of each 100kg of grains produced is 2.9kg, the current season utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is calculated according to 35 percent, and the total nitrogen application amount is (8500-4500) × 0.029.029 ÷ 0.35 ≈ 331.43kg/hm2The total nitrogen application amount of the nitrogen-rich zone (1) is 331.43 × 1.4.4-464.0 kg/hm2Fertilizing according to a base dressing ratio of 5:5, wherein the dressing period is a jointing period; the nitrogen application method of the nitrogen fertilizer application area (2) is shown in Table 2, and the nitrogen application method of the comparison area (3) is shown in Table 3.
And 6, 6 and 26 days in 2019, the wheat is fully harvested, and the ear number per mu, the grain number per ear, the thousand grain weight and the yield of the wheat are investigated before harvesting.
And (3) test results:
the test results are shown in tables 2 and 3. According to the method, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer in the area to be topdressed by the nitrogen fertilizer is 85 percent of that of the traditional method, the saving is 15 percent, the ear number per mu is equivalent to the ear number per thousand, and the grain yield is higher than that of the traditional method.
TABLE 2 fertilizing amount, ear number per mu, grain number per ear, thousand grain weight and yield of the area to be topdressed with nitrogen fertilizer
TABLE 3 fertilizing amount, ear number per mu, grain number per ear, thousand grain weight and yield in comparison area
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A winter wheat planting method for adjusting the application period and the application amount of a nitrogen fertilizer according to the basic fertility of soil is characterized in that a reasonable nitrogen application method is adopted; the method comprises the following specific steps:
setting a nitrogen-rich area and a nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied, applying base fertilizer in the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied according to 60 percent of the total nitrogen application amount, and respectively measuring the dry weights of the root systems of wheat seedlings in the nitrogen-rich area and the nitrogen fertilizer area to be applied in the winter-crossing period and the flag-picking period, wherein the dry weights are w1、w2If it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 1, no additional application of nitrogen fertilizer is needed; if it is w1/w2When the nitrogen content is more than 1, applying a nitrogen fertilizer; when w is1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is more than 1.5 percent, the nitrogen fertilizer is 25 percent of the total nitrogen fertilizer, when 1.4 is more than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.5, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 20% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1.3 is more than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.4, the nitrogen fertilizer is 15 percent of the total nitrogen fertilizer, when 1.2 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.3, the nitrogen fertilizer application accounts for the total nitrogen application ratioExample 10%, when 1.1 < w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.2, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in 5% of the total nitrogen application ratio, when 1 is less than w1/w2When the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 1.1, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount which is 2.5 percent of the total nitrogen application ratio.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the time for determining the dry weight of the root system is the wintering period: exposing the 5 th leaf of the wheat to the tip; and, a flag picking period: the top leaf of the wheat stem is exposed to the tip.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for topdressing nitrogen fertilizer is overwintering: 1-3 days after the 5 th leaf of the wheat is exposed; and/or the dressing time is a flag picking period: 1 day after the top leaf of the wheat stem is exposed.
4. The method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount in the nitrogen-rich region is 1.2-1.5 times of the target yield and fertilizer demand.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein the nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen-rich region is applied at a rate 1.4 times the target yield fertilizer demand.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one nitrogen-rich zone and at least one nitrogen fertilizer application zone are provided, the area of the nitrogen-rich zone being (5-6) mx (5-6) m.
7. The method as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the areas where the nitrogen fertilizer is to be applied are the same area as the nitrogen-rich area.
8. The method as set forth in claim 6, wherein a nitrogen-rich area and a plurality of nitrogen fertilizer application areas are provided, the nitrogen-rich area being provided in a central portion of the nitrogen fertilizer application areas.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein an isolation zone is provided between the nitrogen-rich zone and the nitrogen fertilizer application zone, the width of the isolation zone being 2-3 m.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the wheat is shannon No. 27 winter wheat.
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| CN112540563A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-23 | 黑龙江东部节水设备有限公司 | Intelligent agricultural control system and control method based on Internet of things |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112540563A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-23 | 黑龙江东部节水设备有限公司 | Intelligent agricultural control system and control method based on Internet of things |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN111512910B (en) | 2022-06-28 |
| NL2028367A (en) | 2021-12-14 |
| NL2028367B1 (en) | 2022-06-03 |
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