CN111504791A - Double-shaft loading test device and test method for karst tunnel - Google Patents
Double-shaft loading test device and test method for karst tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN111504791A CN111504791A CN202010280420.5A CN202010280420A CN111504791A CN 111504791 A CN111504791 A CN 111504791A CN 202010280420 A CN202010280420 A CN 202010280420A CN 111504791 A CN111504791 A CN 111504791A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
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- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/023—Pressure
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
- G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0254—Biaxial, the forces being applied along two normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
- G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-shaft loading test device and a test method for a karst tunnel, which can predict problems possibly encountered in the real excavation process by simulating excavation; the upper side and the left side and the right side of the frame are provided with a plurality of turbine screw rod lifters, the telescopic ends of the turbine screw rod lifters are connected with the pressing plate, the front side and the rear side of the frame are connected with the enclosure steel plate, the glass plate is embedded on the enclosure steel plate, a plurality of reserved water injection holes are vertically arranged in the middle of the glass plate on the front side, and the glass plate on the lower side of the reserved water injection holes is provided with a semicircular glass sealing plate; a plurality of parallel bolt holes are vertically formed in the enclosure steel plates on the two sides of the glass plate, a fastening steel bar is arranged between the left bolt hole and the right bolt hole, and the two sides of the fastening steel bar are connected with the bolt holes through second bolts; the method can carry out bidirectional loading to restore the real stress state of the karst tunnel, discover the defects and deficiencies of relevant experiences in the actual karst tunnel excavation process in advance, and prevent the loss of lives and properties.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of karst tunnel tests, in particular to a double-shaft loading test device and a test method for a karst tunnel.
Background
Tunnels are engineering structures buried in the ground and are a form of human use of underground space. With the continuous development of tunnel construction in China, the difficulty of tunnel construction is gradually increased, and the factors considered by the method are continuously increased, including terrain, buried depth, geological structure, karst cave and the like. At present, although the drilling sampling or geological survey and other works are carried out before the excavation of the karst tunnel, most of the problems can not be avoided to appear water inrush or collapse in the actual excavation process, and the mutual influence mechanism of the karst cave and the tunnel is not known enough, so that a test device and a method capable of simulating the excavation of the karst tunnel are urgently needed to solve the problems which possibly appear when the actual karst tunnel is excavated, and meanwhile, safety accidents and property loss are avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-shaft loading test device and a test method for a karst tunnel, which can predict problems possibly encountered in the real excavation process by simulating the karst tunnel excavation.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a double-shaft loading test device for a karst tunnel comprises a base, wherein a table top is transversely arranged at the upper end of the base, a frame is arranged on the table top, a plurality of turbine lead screw lifters are arranged on the upper side and the left side and the right side of the frame, the telescopic ends of the turbine lead screw lifters are positioned in the frame, the telescopic ends of the turbine lead screw lifters are connected with a pressing plate, guide rods are arranged on two sides of the pressing plate, the other ends of the guide rods penetrate through the frame and can slide up and down through the frame, a fence steel plate is connected with the front side and the rear side of the frame, a glass plate is embedded on the fence steel plate, a plurality of reserved water injection holes are vertically arranged in the middle of the front side glass plate, a first screwed bolt is arranged on each reserved; the glass plate is characterized in that a plurality of parallel bolt holes are vertically formed in the blocking steel plates on the two sides of the glass plate, a fastening steel bar is arranged between the left bolt hole and the right bolt hole, and the two sides of the fastening steel bar are connected with the bolt holes through second bolts.
Furthermore, a pressure sensor is arranged between the worm screw lifter and the pressing plate, and the pressure sensor is connected with a pressure digital display.
And further, the enclosure steel plate is connected with the frame through a third bolt.
Furthermore, the glass plate is an organic glass plate.
A double-shaft loading test method for a karst tunnel comprises the following steps:
and 9, carrying out deformation and fracture analysis on the image observed in the whole test process by adopting digital photographic measurement software in the whole process.
Further, the glass plate is embedded in the enclosure steel plate.
Furthermore, water is injected to the salt through a pressure stabilizing water pump, so that the salt forms a karst cave when meeting water, and then the pressure stabilizing water pump is utilized to pressurize the karst cave so as to achieve the condition of a real water-rich pressure-bearing karst cave.
The beneficial effect that this technical scheme can produce:
the method simulates the excavation process of the karst tunnel, restores the real scene of the excavated tunnel through a fine simulation test, can accurately evaluate the formal excavation of the tunnel, finds problems, can timely modify a plan, finds defects and deficiencies of related experiences in the execution process in advance, and prevents property loss and personnel safety problems caused by the occurrence of problems in the actual excavation process; the guide rod is arranged, so that the turbine screw rod lifter can be ensured to be vertical and stable in the process of controlling the movement of the pressing plate, and the uniform compaction of the model material can be ensured; the fastening steel bars are arranged for preventing the glass plate from bulging and collapsing in the pressurizing process; the pressure sensor is arranged, so that the loading force of the worm gear screw lifter can be monitored and displayed in real time, and adjustment can be made according to a test; the sealing plates with different shapes can be replaced by replacing the glass plates, so that holes with any shapes can be cut in the glass plates to simulate tunnels with different actual section shapes; the organic glass plate is a transparent glass plate, so that the interior of an observation test is facilitated, the safety coefficient of the organic glass is high, and the instantaneous damage is not easy to occur.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-shaft loading test device for a karst tunnel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a front side enclosure steel plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water injection state of the front side enclosure steel plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a rear side fencing steel plate;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the front side enclosure steel plate replacing another glass plate.
Wherein: the device comprises a base 1, a table top 2, a frame 3, a turbine screw rod lifter 4, a pressing plate 5, a guide rod 6, a fence steel plate 7, a glass plate 8, a reserved water injection hole 9, a first bolt 10, a semicircular glass sealing plate 11, a bolt hole 12, a fastening steel bar 13, a second bolt 14, a pressure sensor 15, a third bolt 16, a hollow bolt 17 and a pressure digital display 18.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly explain the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is described below by way of specific embodiments.
Example 1
A double-shaft loading test device for a karst tunnel comprises a base 1, wherein a table top 2 is transversely arranged at the upper end of the base 1, a frame 3 is arranged on the table top 2, a plurality of turbine screw rod lifters 4 are arranged on the upper side and the left side and the right side of the frame 3, the telescopic ends of the turbine screw rod lifters 4 are positioned in the frame 3, the telescopic ends of the turbine screw rod lifters 4 are connected with a pressing plate 5, guide rods 6 are arranged on two sides of the pressing plate 5, the other ends of the guide rods 6 penetrate through the frame 3 and can slide up and down through the frame 3, a surrounding steel plate 7 is connected to the front side and the rear side of the frame 3, a glass plate 8 is embedded in the surrounding steel plate 7, a plurality of reserved water injection holes 9 are vertically arranged in the middle of the glass plate 8 on the front side, first screwed bolts 10 are arranged on the reserved water injection holes 9; a plurality of parallel bolt holes 12 are vertically arranged on the enclosure steel plate 7 at two sides of the glass plate 8, a fastening steel bar 13 is arranged between the left bolt hole 12 and the right bolt hole 12, and two sides of the fastening steel bar 13 are connected with the bolt holes 12 through second bolts 14.
The use process of the invention is as follows: firstly, the turbine screw rod lifter 4 at the upper side is shaken to lead the high part of the upper side pressing plate 5 to leave a space for enclosing the steel plate 7, then, the model material is put in from the upper side space, and then all the worm screw lifters 4 are shaken to compact the model material to make the model material reach a predetermined density, then arranging a camera at the rear side of the device to observe the test process, unscrewing the first bolt 10 corresponding to the salt material, replacing the hollow bolt 17, then a pressure-stabilizing water pump is used for injecting water into the model material through the hollow bolt 17, the salt in the model material is melted when meeting water to form a karst cave, then a pressure stabilizing water pump is adopted to apply preset water pressure to the hollow karst cave, then the semicircular glass sealing plate 11 is opened to simulate the excavation of the tunnel, if the tunnel is not damaged after the tunnel excavation is finished, gradually increasing the pressure around the model material or the water pressure in the karst cave until the tunnel is damaged, and finally carrying out deformation and fracture analysis on the observed graph through the whole digital photogrammetry.
The method simulates the excavation process of the karst tunnel, restores the real scene of the excavated tunnel through a fine simulation test, can accurately evaluate the formal excavation of the tunnel, finds problems, can timely modify a plan, finds defects and deficiencies of related experiences in the execution process in advance, and prevents property loss and personnel safety problems caused by the occurrence of problems in the actual excavation process; the guide rod 6 is arranged, so that the vertical stability of the worm screw lifter 4 in the process of controlling the movement of the pressing plate 5 can be ensured, and the uniform compaction of the model material can be ensured; the fastening steel bars 13 are provided to prevent the glass sheet 8 from bulging and collapsing during pressing.
Example 2
Preferably, a pressure sensor 15 is arranged between the worm screw lifter 4 and the pressure plate 5, and the pressure sensor 15 is connected with a pressure digital display 18.
The provision of a pressure sensor 15 between the worm screw hoist 4 and the pressure plate 5 enables the loading force of the worm screw hoist 4 to be monitored and displayed in real time by means of a pressure digital display 18 in order to make adjustments as appropriate.
Other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 3
Preferably, the enclosure steel plate 7 is connected with the frame 3 through a third bolt 16.
Enclose fender steel sheet 7 and be connected through third bolt 16 with frame 3, constitute each part of test device wholly, increase overall stability, guarantee experimental effect.
Other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 4
Preferably, the glass plate 8 is a plexiglass plate.
The organic glass plate is a transparent glass plate, so that the internal condition of the observation test is more favorably realized, the safety coefficient of the organic glass is high, and the organic glass is not easy to collapse.
Other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 5
Preferably, the glass plate 8 is embedded in the apron steel plate 7.
The glass plate 8 can be taken off or replaced by being embedded in the enclosure steel plate 7, the shapes of different sealing plates can be replaced by replacing the glass plate 8 as shown in fig. 5, and holes with any shapes can be cut inside to simulate tunnels with different actual section shapes.
Other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
Example 6
Water is injected to the salt through the pressure stabilizing water pump, so that the salt is in contact with water to form a karst cave, then the pressure stabilizing water pump is utilized to pressurize the karst cave so as to achieve the condition of a real water-rich pressure-bearing karst cave, the problem which possibly occurs in the excavation process can be found through simulating real excavation, and the reliability of the test is increased.
Other structures of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a double-shaft loading test device for karst tunnel, includes base (1), its characterized in that: the upper end of the base (1) is transversely provided with a table-board (2), the table-board (2) is provided with a frame (3), the upper side and the left side and the right side of the frame (3) are provided with a plurality of worm screw lifters (4), the telescopic ends of the worm screw lifters (4) are positioned in the frame (3), the telescopic ends of the worm screw lifters (4) are connected with a pressure plate (5), two sides of the pressure plate (5) are provided with guide rods (6), the other ends of the guide rods (6) penetrate through the frame (3) and can slide up and down through the frame (3), the front side and the back side of the frame (3) are connected with an enclosure steel plate (7), a glass plate (8) is embedded on the enclosure steel plate (7), a plurality of reserved water injection holes (9) are vertically arranged in the middle of the front side glass plate (8), first screwed bolts (10) are arranged on the reserved water injection holes (9), a semicircular glass sealing plate (11) is arranged on the glass plate (8) at the lower side of the reserved water injection hole (9); a plurality of parallel bolt holes (12) are vertically formed in the enclosing and blocking steel plates (7) on the two sides of the glass plate (8), a fastening steel bar (13) is arranged between the left bolt hole and the right bolt hole (12), and the two sides of the fastening steel bar (13) are connected with the bolt holes (12) through second bolts (14).
2. The double-shaft loading test device for the karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: and a pressure sensor (15) is arranged between the turbine screw rod lifter (4) and the pressure plate (5), and the pressure sensor (15) is connected with a pressure digital display (18).
3. The double-shaft loading test device for the karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the enclosure steel plate (7) is connected with the frame (3) through a third bolt (16).
4. The double-shaft loading test device for the karst tunnel according to claim 1, wherein: the glass plate (8) is an organic glass plate.
5. A double-shaft loading test method for a karst tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the double-shaft loading test device for the karst tunnel, which is adopted by one of the claims 1 to 4, comprises the following steps:
step 1, covering a semicircular glass sealing plate (11), plugging a reserved water injection hole (9) by using a first bolt (10), and reinforcing and protecting front and rear glass plates (8) by using a fastening steel bar (13);
step 2, shaking a worm wheel screw rod lifter (4) above the device to enable a pressing plate (5) above to be higher than a surrounding baffle steel plate (7) to reserve a space for placing a model material;
step 3, placing the model material between the two enclosure steel plates (7) from the upper side for filling, and filling a salt material in a position of the model material corresponding to a certain reserved water injection hole (9) in the filling process;
step 4, after the model material is placed, all the turbine screw lifters (4) are shaken to compact the model material, so that the model material reaches the preset density;
step 5, after maintaining for a certain time, starting an excavation test of the karst tunnel, arranging a digital camera in the middle of the rear side surface of the device before the test is started, and carrying out digital photographic measurement on deformation and breakage of the materials around the karst tunnel in the test process;
step 6, starting a test, namely removing the fastening steel bar (13), screwing down the first bolt (10) at the corresponding position of the salt material, screwing up the hollow bolt (17) replacing the first bolt (10), and injecting water into the hollow bolt (17) through a pressure-stabilizing water pump to melt the salt at the position of the model material to form a hollow karst cave with water;
step 7, applying a preset water pressure to the hollow karst cave by using a pressure stabilizing water pump, then opening a semicircular glass sealing plate (11) and carrying out excavation simulation on the tunnel;
step 8, after the tunnel is excavated, if the tunnel is not damaged, gradually increasing the pressure around the model material or the water pressure in the karst cave until the tunnel is damaged;
and 9, carrying out deformation and fracture analysis on the image observed in the whole test process by adopting digital photographic measurement software in the whole process.
6. The biaxial loading test method for the karst tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: the glass plate (8) is embedded in the enclosure steel plate (7).
7. The biaxial loading test method for the karst tunnel according to claim 5, characterized in that: water is injected to the salt by the pressure stabilizing water pump, so that the salt is in contact with water to form a karst cave, and then the pressure stabilizing water pump is utilized to pressurize the karst cave so as to achieve the condition of a real water-rich pressure-bearing karst cave.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010280420.5A CN111504791A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Double-shaft loading test device and test method for karst tunnel |
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| CN202010280420.5A CN111504791A (en) | 2020-04-10 | 2020-04-10 | Double-shaft loading test device and test method for karst tunnel |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115096710A (en) * | 2022-06-08 | 2022-09-23 | 临沂大学 | Near-hidden karst cave tunnel excavation surrounding rock crack evolution and water inrush catastrophe experiment system |
| CN117589965A (en) * | 2023-11-22 | 2024-02-23 | 天津大学 | Experimental device and method for simulating disturbance of engineering excavation on fault stability |
| CN117760833A (en) * | 2024-02-20 | 2024-03-26 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | high-pressure hydrogen environment width Wen Yushan double-shaft compression testing device |
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