CN111504105B - Liquid absorption core for heat pipe or vapor chamber formed by multiple phase pore-forming agent and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Liquid absorption core for heat pipe or vapor chamber formed by multiple phase pore-forming agent and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111504105B CN111504105B CN202010363537.XA CN202010363537A CN111504105B CN 111504105 B CN111504105 B CN 111504105B CN 202010363537 A CN202010363537 A CN 202010363537A CN 111504105 B CN111504105 B CN 111504105B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
- F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
- F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
- F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/10—Sintering only
- B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
- B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
- B22F3/1134—Inorganic fillers
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of wicks for heat pipes or vapor chambers, and particularly relates to a wick for a heat pipe or vapor chamber, which is formed by multiple-phase pore-forming agents, and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the wick comprises the following steps: co-crystallizing sodium chloride and sodium sulfate to obtain a sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal; mixing two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals with different grain sizes according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a complex phase pore-forming agent; and uniformly mixing the complex phase pore-forming agent and copper powder, adding the mixture into a mould, roasting to obtain a wick containing the complex phase pore-forming agent, and dissolving and removing the complex phase pore-forming agent to obtain the wick. The liquid absorption core has the characteristics of controllable aperture, high porosity and strong capillary force, and the multiphase pore-forming agent is used in the preparation process, so that the dissolution rate of the pore-forming agent is accelerated, the oxidation is prevented, the liquid absorption core with high capillary force and low flow resistance can be prepared, and the heat and mass transfer efficiency of the heat pipe is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of wicks for heat pipes or vapor chambers, and particularly relates to a wick for a heat pipe or vapor chamber, which is formed by multiple-phase pore-forming agents, and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat dissipation problem is directly caused by three major trends of high performance, miniaturization and integration in the electronic industry. The heat accumulation directly affects the temperature rise and the thermal stress increase of the equipment and the components around, so that some equipment, assemblies, circuit boards and components cannot reliably work at higher temperature, and even the service life of the equipment, the assemblies, the circuit boards and the components is shortened. The heat pipe and the vapor chamber are used as efficient phase-change heat transfer elements, have been widely applied in the field of heat dissipation of electronic elements due to the advantages of high heat conductivity, high cooling capacity, high stability, long service life and the like, and gradually become the mainstream heat dissipation mode of high-end CPUs, display cards and notebook computers. The ultra-thinning of the heat pipe and the soaking plate is an ideal scheme for solving the problem of high heat flow density of the current electronic equipment in a narrow space. The ultra-thinning of wick structures, which are the core of heat pipes and vapor chambers, must be considered to reduce the thickness while simultaneously meeting the requirements of capillary force and flux, as well as capillary diameter distribution and porosity.
Powder sintered wicks have good capillary forces, but at the same time have the disadvantages of low porosity and high flow resistance; the groove type liquid absorption core has small flow resistance, but low capillary force and strong directivity and cannot be used for a vapor chamber; the silk screen sintering is not suitable for industrial production due to the large specific surface area and the large processing difficulty; although the composite wick has the characteristics of large capillary force and small resistance, the application of the composite wick is limited by the complicated process and the influence on the porosity in the processing process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a wick for a heat pipe or a vapor chamber, which has the advantages of large capillary force, small flow resistance, high porosity and simple process.
Specifically, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.
A method for preparing a liquid absorption core for a heat pipe or a vapor chamber comprises the following steps:
(1) co-crystallizing sodium chloride and sodium sulfate to obtain a sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal;
(2) mixing two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals with different grain sizes according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a complex phase pore-forming agent;
(3) and uniformly mixing the complex phase pore-forming agent and copper powder, adding the mixture into a mould, roasting to obtain a wick containing the complex phase pore-forming agent, and dissolving and removing the complex phase pore-forming agent to obtain the wick.
The capillary force in the capillary depends on the contact angle and the surface contact angle of the working medium and the capillary material and the radius of the capillary, when the working medium and the material are fixed, the surface contact angle and the surface tension coefficient are fixed and are only influenced by the radius of the capillary, and the capillary force value of the capillary can be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: sigma is the surface tension coefficient of the working medium, theta is the contact angle of the working medium and the liquid absorption core, and rcIs the capillary pore radius of the capillary; the smaller the radius of the capillary pore is, the larger the capillary force is; however, when the radius of the capillary pores is in the nanometer level, the specific surface area of the wick is too high, the wick has extremely high surface energy, and the wick is rapidly oxidized by air in the processing process, so that the surface tension coefficient of the material is reduced, and the capillary force is reduced.
The capillary pore radius reduces, can improve capillary force, but working medium flows in the pore and has higher resistance, causes porous structure's permeability to reduce, and if the complex phase pore-forming agent that adds is all for the complex phase pore-forming agent of granule footpath, can reduce the joint strength of imbibing the liquid core, consequently need add a certain amount of complex phase pore-forming agent of big footpath when the gradation, when guaranteeing porosity and joint strength, promote the permeability, the permeability accessible of heat pipe imbibing the liquid core is calculated by following formula:
in the formula: epsilon is the porosity of the liquid absorption core, and b is a dimensionless constant representing the communication and bending degree of the inner pore diameter of the liquid absorption core; therefore, the permeability of the liquid absorption core can be improved by improving the pipe diameter, and the resistance is reduced to improve the flow.
Macropores are arranged in the liquid absorbing core in a multi-layer staggered mode, macropore connecting parts are filled with micropores, working media flow in the large pores and the small pores in a staggered mode in the axial working medium transferring process in the heat pipe liquid absorbing core, each macroporous working medium is a set of a plurality of small pore working media, the proportion of large and small pore diameter sodium chloride/sodium sulfate cocrystallization matters in the liquid absorbing core can be controlled through controlling the proportion of the large and small pore diameter sodium chloride/sodium sulfate cocrystallization matters in the complex phase pore-forming agent, and the large and small pore clusters are enabled to be in a structure similar to that shown in the graph 1 or the graph 2. FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of the pore structure in the wick obtained when the coarse-particle-size sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal is relatively small in the heterogeneous pore-forming agent, and it can be seen from the figure that the macropores in the wick are not communicated with each other, but are communicated with each other through the micropores. FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of the pore structure in the wick obtained when the ratio of coarse particle size sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal is high in the complex phase pore-forming agent, and it can be seen from the figure that the macropores in the wick are directly communicated with each other, and the micropores form a mutually communicated cluster between the macropores.
The small holes do not independently flow, the liquid with higher flow rate in the small holes drags the fluid in the holes with relatively larger hole diameters, finally the flow rate of the small hole cluster part reaches a uniform average value, the flow rate of the fluid in the holes is directly related to the hole diameters, and according to the balance relation of capillary force, gravity and flow resistance, the relation between mass flow and pipe diameters in a small hole system is as follows:
wherein, σ is the surface tension coefficient of the working medium, thetacThe contact angle between the working medium and the liquid absorption core, R is the average pore diameter of the pore cluster, delta PaIs the gas phase pressure difference between two ends, rho is the pay density, b is a dimensionless constant representing the bending and communication degree of the capillary pores, mulIs the viscosity of the liquid working medium, L is the length of the small hole cluster, and g is the gravity coefficient.
The length of the small hole cluster can be reduced by increasing the proportion of the large-particle-size complex phase pore-forming agent, but certain influence is caused on the porosity and the area, so that the mass flow of the working medium and the heat transfer capacity of the working medium need to be improved by designing the proportion of the complex phase pore-forming agent suitable for experiments.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in the step (1), the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate cocrystal is formed by a saturated solution dehydration crystallization method or a heating melting recrystallization method. The melting point and binary phase diagram of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is shown in FIG. 3.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in the step (1), the mass fraction of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate cocrystal is 60 to 98%.
The complex phase pore-forming agent obtained by taking the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal as the raw material has the advantage of high dissolution rate, and experiments are carried out when 1g of square sodium sulfate co-crystal with different mass fractions are dissolved in 50ml of water at room temperature to obtain the result shown in figure 4.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in the step (2), the two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals having different particle sizes are obtained by crushing, granulating or melt spray granulating the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals and then sieving.
Preferably, in the above preparation method, in the step (2), the particle sizes of the two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals with different particle sizes are respectively 100-300 μm and 5-90 μm.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in the step (2), the mass fraction of the coarse-grained sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal in the complex-phase pore-forming agent is 10 to 90%, and the balance is the fine-grained sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal, and more preferably, the mass fraction of the coarse-grained sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal in the complex-phase pore-forming agent is 10 to 50%.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in the step (3), the mass fraction of the copper powder in the mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the complex-phase pore-forming agent and the copper powder is 50-90%, and the balance is the complex-phase pore-forming agent.
Preferably, in the preparation method, in the step (3), the roasting is performed under the protection of inert atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon, and the roasting is divided into three stages:
the first stage, controlling the temperature to be 100-140 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10-30 min, and removing crystal water in the complex phase pore-forming agent;
in the second stage, the temperature is controlled to be 650-796 ℃, and the copper powder is presintered at constant temperature for 30-300 min;
and in the third stage, controlling the temperature to be 801-884 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min to perform short-time reinforced sintering.
The invention also provides a liquid absorption core for the heat pipe or the vapor chamber, which is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the liquid absorption core with high porosity can be prepared by using the complex phase pore forming agent, the liquid absorption core has high flux by adding the complex phase pore forming agent with two particle size gradations, and meanwhile, the adjustment of the pore size distribution of the liquid absorption core is realized by controlling the proportion of the complex phase pore forming agent with different particle sizes, so that the liquid absorption core which has high capillary force, low flow resistance and high porosity can be prepared, and the heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency of the heat pipe is improved;
(2) the dissolution rate of the used complex phase pore-forming agent is far greater than that of the common complex phase pore-forming agent, so that the use time can be reduced during desalting treatment, and the oxidation is prevented;
(3) the prepared sheet sample can be used for assembling the heat pipe after being simply cut, does not need too complicated process and is easy for industrialized production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial schematic view of a pore structure in a wick obtained when a coarse-grain-size sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal is present in a relatively small amount in a complex-phase pore-forming agent, in which the hatched portions are copper powder and the blank portions are pores;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of the pore structure in the wick obtained when the ratio of coarse particle size sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal is high in the heterogeneous pore-forming agent, the hatched portion in the figure being copper powder and the blank portion being pores.
FIG. 3 is a binary phase diagram of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the mass fraction of sodium sulfate in the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate cocrystal and the time for dissolution.
Figure 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of the wick prepared in example 1.
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of the morphology of the pores in the wick prepared in example 1.
Figure 7 is a scanning electron micrograph of the wick prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The experimental raw materials and the related equipments used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
A method for preparing an ultrathin liquid absorption core for a heat pipe/vapor chamber by using an instant complex-phase pore-forming agent comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 5g of sodium sulfate and 95g of sodium chloride, carrying out eutectic melting at the constant temperature of 900 ℃ for 30min in a nitrogen environment, and then recrystallizing to prepare a sodium chloride/sodium sulfate eutectic;
(2) crushing and grinding the complex-phase pore-forming agent by using a crusher and a mortar, selecting 60-mesh, 100-mesh, 200-mesh and 400-mesh sieves to screen-60- + 100-mesh coarse powder and-200- + 400-mesh fine powder, and mixing the coarse powder and the fine powder according to the mass ratio of 1:3 to obtain the complex-phase pore-forming agent;
(3) weighing 20g of complex phase pore-forming agent, and uniformly mixing with 80g of copper powder with the average particle size of 5 microns;
(4) putting the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a mold, putting the mold after powder loading into an atmosphere furnace, introducing argon for protection, heating to 120 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20min, heating to 770 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h for presintering, heating to 880 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 10min, carrying out short-time reinforced sintering, and finally cooling to room temperature at the speed of 5 ℃/min;
(5) after sintering, taking out the mould, opening the mould to obtain a liquid absorption core containing the complex-phase pore-forming agent, cutting the liquid absorption core into a required shape, and ultrasonically cleaning the liquid absorption core in water at 40 ℃ for 1h to remove the complex-phase pore-forming agent;
(6) drying in a vacuum drying oven at 100 deg.C for 20min, cooling, and taking out the sample to obtain a liquid absorption core, wherein the scanning electron microscope image is shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. It can be known from fig. 5 that although some of the large pores in the wick are directly connected, most of the large pores are not directly communicated but are connected through small pores, and a large number of small pores exist on the wall of the large pores to form a structure similar to that shown in fig. 1, the small pores are clustered and divided by the large pores, the length of the small pores is reduced, the flow velocity of the working medium in the small pores is increased, and finally the mass flow of the working medium in the whole wick is increased. FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of the topography of the pores in the wick.
Example 2
Example 2 is different from example 1 in that in step (2), a heterogeneous pore-forming agent is obtained by mixing in a coarse/fine powder ratio of 2:1 by mass, and a scanning electron microscope image thereof is shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, with the increase of the mass fraction of the pore-forming agent with large particle size, a large number of large pores in the wick are directly communicated, and small pores exist at the intervals of the large pores, so that a structure similar to that shown in fig. 2 is formed; however, as the mass fraction of the pore-forming agent with small particle size is reduced, the number of the small pores on the wall of the large pore is reduced, and although the flow resistance of the working medium is reduced, the small pores providing capillary force for the working medium are reduced, so that the mass flow of the working medium is reduced.
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove by way of general description, specific embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and improvements can be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (13)
1. A method for preparing a wick for a heat pipe or a vapor chamber by using a complex phase pore-forming agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) co-crystallizing sodium chloride and sodium sulfate to obtain a sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal;
(2) mixing two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals with different grain sizes according to a certain mass ratio to obtain a complex phase pore-forming agent;
(3) uniformly mixing the complex phase pore-forming agent and copper powder, adding the mixture into a mould, roasting to obtain a liquid absorption core containing the complex phase pore-forming agent, and dissolving and removing the complex phase pore-forming agent to obtain the liquid absorption core;
in the step (2), the particle size ranges of the two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals with different particle sizes are respectively 100-300 μm and 5-90 μm; the mass fraction of the coarse-grain-size sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal in the complex-phase pore-forming agent is 10-50%, and the balance is the fine-grain-size sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystal.
2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate cocrystal is formed by a saturated solution dehydration crystallization method or a heated melt recrystallization method.
3. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (1), the mass fraction of sodium chloride in the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate cocrystal is 60 to 98%.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (2), the two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals with different particle sizes are obtained by crushing, granulating or melt-spray granulating the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals and then sieving.
5. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the two sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals with different particle sizes are obtained by crushing and granulating or melt-spraying and granulating the sodium chloride/sodium sulfate co-crystals and then sieving.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (3), the mass fraction of copper powder in the mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the complex-phase pore-forming agent and copper powder is 50-90%, and the balance is the complex-phase pore-forming agent.
7. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step (3), the mass fraction of copper powder in the mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the complex-phase pore-forming agent and copper powder is 50-90%, and the balance is the complex-phase pore-forming agent.
8. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the mass fraction of copper powder in the mixture obtained by uniformly mixing the complex-phase pore-forming agent and copper powder is 50-90%, and the balance is the complex-phase pore-forming agent.
9. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (3), the calcination is divided into three stages:
the first stage, controlling the temperature to be 100-140 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min;
in the second stage, the temperature is controlled to be 650-796 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30-300 min;
and in the third stage, controlling the temperature to be 801-884 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min.
10. The production method according to claim 3, wherein in step (3), the calcination is divided into three stages:
the first stage, controlling the temperature to be 100-140 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min;
in the second stage, the temperature is controlled to be 650-796 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30-300 min;
and in the third stage, controlling the temperature to be 801-884 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min.
11. The production method according to claim 4, wherein in the step (3), the calcination is divided into three stages:
the first stage, controlling the temperature to be 100-140 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min;
in the second stage, the temperature is controlled to be 650-796 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30-300 min;
and in the third stage, controlling the temperature to be 801-884 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min.
12. The production method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (3), the calcination is divided into three stages:
the first stage, controlling the temperature to be 100-140 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min;
in the second stage, the temperature is controlled to be 650-796 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30-300 min;
and in the third stage, controlling the temperature to be 801-884 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 10-30 min.
13. A wick for a heat pipe or vapor chamber formed with a complex phase pore-forming agent, characterized in that it is prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 12.
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| CN113230681B (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2023-03-10 | 大连理工大学 | Composite micro-cavity porous curved surface micro-channel structure for liquid film boiling and preparation method thereof |
| CN113218226A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-08-06 | 中南大学 | Thin deformable heat dissipation structure with aluminum capillary structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN114682781B (en) * | 2022-04-01 | 2023-10-13 | 江苏库博德金属科技有限公司 | Method for preparing short-fiber coral-shaped copper powder |
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