CN111499907A - 医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法 - Google Patents

医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111499907A
CN111499907A CN202010316845.7A CN202010316845A CN111499907A CN 111499907 A CN111499907 A CN 111499907A CN 202010316845 A CN202010316845 A CN 202010316845A CN 111499907 A CN111499907 A CN 111499907A
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王奕人
吴艳秋
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子材料的制备，旨在提供一种医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法。包括：取十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、吐温80中的至少两种，混匀得到复合表面活性剂；将烷烃、乙醇、复合表面活性剂混合并搅拌均匀，获得溶液A；将复合表面活性剂、亲水复合物、去离子水混合，搅拌后获得溶液B；将溶液A滴加到溶液B中，继续搅拌获得涂布液；将涂布液均匀涂布到透明塑料片材表面，然后烘干，制备得到医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材。公开技术大多只能获得单一防雾功能的透明塑料片材，无法满足防眩光需求。本发明制备的防雾透明塑料片材可以满足医用隔离面罩、隔离头套、防飞溅外科口罩等领域的应用需求。

Description

医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料的制备，特别涉及一种医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法。
背景技术
透明塑料片材(如PET、BOPET、PVC、PC等)因其较好的机械力学性能及透明性，作为透明视窗材料在诸多领域实现了应用。然而透明视窗在应用过程中，由于冷热温差原因，会产生起雾问题，从而影响视线，造成生活工作不便，甚至引发事故。目前，针对透明塑料片材防雾主要有两条技术路径：一是在塑料母粒中加入防雾组分，直接加工具有防雾功能的透明塑料片材。然而这种方法对防雾功能材料的添加量较大，成本较高，而且防雾组分的添加有可能对片材本身的性能和加工性造成不利影响。二是在普通透明塑料片材表面涂布防雾涂层，赋予片材防雾功能。该方法仅需对片材表面进行防雾处理，形成极薄的防雾功能层，其成本相对较低，几乎不会对片材机械力学性能及加工性造成影响。因此，涂膜型透明塑料防雾片材是当前研究及产业应用的主流。
然而，目前采用的防雾涂层功能较为单一，大多仅局限在防雾功能。而应用端在长期的使用过程中已对防雾透明塑料片提出了新的需求，多功能化是防雾透明塑料片发展的必然趋势。例如，针对塑料片易划伤问题，已出现相关研究报道了集防雾功能和加硬功能于一体的多功能涂层。而在医用隔离面罩、隔离头套、防飞溅外科口罩等应用领域，则对防雾透明塑料片的抗眩光性提出了需求，目前国内产业中还没有有效的解决方案，国外已出现相关样品，但技术严格保密，价格昂贵。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，克服现有技术的不足，提供一种医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的解决方案是：
提供一种医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)取十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、吐温80中的至少两种，混匀得到复合表面活性剂；
(2)将1～10质量份烷烃、20～50质量份乙醇、1～3质量份复合表面活性剂混合并搅拌均匀，获得溶液A；
(3)将0.5～2质量份复合表面活性剂、3～5质量份亲水复合物、70～100质量份去离子水混合，搅拌6～12h后，获得溶液B；
(4)在搅拌条件下，将溶液A匀速滴加到溶液B中，滴加完成后继续搅拌2h，获得涂布液；
(5)将涂布液均匀涂布到透明塑料片材表面，然后在50～70℃下烘干，制备得到医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材。
本发明中，步骤(2)中所述的烷烃是环己烷、正戊烷中的至少一种。
本发明中，步骤(3)中所述的亲水复合物是聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸中的至少一种。
本发明中，步骤(3)中所述亲水复合物的分子量大于2000。
本发明中，步骤(4)中的滴加速度为3ml/min。
本发明中，步骤(4)中所述的涂布方式是辊涂或喷涂工艺。
本发明的实现原理：
本发明利用涂布液在透明塑料片材表面涂布形成湿膜后的分相作用，产生烷烃富集的疏水区以及亲水复合物富集的亲水区，通过配方设计可以调控两相区域的组成比例、尺寸及分布状态，形成纳米疏水相弥散分布于亲水相中的微观状态；待湿膜烘干后，这一分布状态被固化保留在透明塑料片材表面，并且由于烷烃挥发使得亲水复合物在透明塑料片材表面产生凹坑，从而增加了透明塑料片材的表面粗糙度，减少了镜面反射，赋予透明塑料片材抗眩光功能；而附着在透明塑料片材表面的亲水复合物及表面活性剂使塑料片表面具有亲水性，并且粗糙表面可进一步增强表面亲水性，从而促进了雾滴在其表面铺展形成水膜，提高了透明塑料片材防雾能力。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
现有适用于塑料防护面罩表面处理的公开技术大多只能获得单一防雾功能的透明塑料片材，无法满足防眩光需求。本发明所述方法可以制备一种具有抗眩光功能的防雾透明塑料片材，从而满足医用隔离面罩、隔离头套、防飞溅外科口罩等领域的应用需求。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述：
医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
取十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、吐温80中的至少两种，混匀得到复合表面活性剂；将1～10质量份烷烃、20～50质量份乙醇、1～3质量份复合表面活性剂混合并搅拌均匀，获得溶液A；所述的烷烃是环己烷、正戊烷中的至少一种。将0.5～2质量份复合表面活性剂、3～5质量份亲水复合物、70～100质量份去离子水混合，搅拌6～12h后，获得溶液B；所述的亲水复合物是聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸中的至少一种。在搅拌条件下，按3ml/min的速率将溶液A匀速滴加到溶液B中，滴加完成后继续搅拌2h，获得涂布液；以辊涂或喷涂工艺将涂布液均匀涂布到透明塑料片材表面，然后在50～70℃下烘干，制备得到医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材。
下面的实施例可以使本专业的专业技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。
分别通过8个实施例制得医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材。涂布时所用塑料片为厚度为0.15mm的PET片材；防雾性测试是将塑料片防雾面水平置于60℃热水上方5厘米处，10秒钟后观察是否起雾；抗眩光性是利用原子力显微镜测试防雾层表面粗糙度进行表征，表面粗糙度在0～300nm内，表面粗糙度越大，抗眩光性越强。
各实施例中的试验数据见下表1。
Figure BDA0002459716960000031
Figure BDA0002459716960000041
对比例：
以各实施例中相同的塑料片材和相同涂布工艺，采用市售防雾涂布液制得防雾透明塑料片材。测试结果显示，与实施例中产品相比，对比例的产品具有基本相同的防雾性能。但对比例中涂布表面的抗眩光性数据普遍在2nm以下，因此可以判定此类产品基本不具备防眩光功能。
最后，还需要注意的是，以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例子。显然，本发明不限于以上实施例子，还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形，均应认为是本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)取十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、吐温80中的至少两种，混匀得到复合表面活性剂；
(2)将1～10质量份烷烃、20～50质量份乙醇、1～3质量份复合表面活性剂混合并搅拌均匀，获得溶液A；
(3)将0.5～2质量份复合表面活性剂、3～5质量份亲水复合物、70～100质量份去离子水混合，搅拌6～12h后，获得溶液B；
(4)在搅拌条件下，将溶液A匀速滴加到溶液B中，滴加完成后，继续搅拌2h，获得涂布液；
(5)将涂布液均匀涂布到透明塑料片材表面，然后在50～70℃下烘干，制备得到医用抗眩光防雾透明塑料片材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中所述的烷烃是环己烷、正戊烷中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述的亲水复合物是聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(3)中所述亲水复合物的分子量大于2000。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中的滴加速度为3ml/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，步骤(4)中所述的涂布方式是辊涂或喷涂工艺。
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JP2011072983A (ja) * 2009-09-04 2011-04-14 Nitto Denko Corp 防眩性シートの製造方法、防眩性シート、及び、光学部材
CN103524687A (zh) * 2013-09-11 2014-01-22 江南大学 一种表面形貌和性能可控的光敏性可降解梳状共聚物膜
CN107267060A (zh) * 2017-07-21 2017-10-20 江苏宏泰高分子材料有限公司 一种防雾涂料及其制备方法
CN109111813A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2019-01-01 日油株式会社 防雾剂组合物、具有防雾涂膜的防雾性物品

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011072983A (ja) * 2009-09-04 2011-04-14 Nitto Denko Corp 防眩性シートの製造方法、防眩性シート、及び、光学部材
CN103524687A (zh) * 2013-09-11 2014-01-22 江南大学 一种表面形貌和性能可控的光敏性可降解梳状共聚物膜
CN109111813A (zh) * 2017-06-22 2019-01-01 日油株式会社 防雾剂组合物、具有防雾涂膜的防雾性物品
CN107267060A (zh) * 2017-07-21 2017-10-20 江苏宏泰高分子材料有限公司 一种防雾涂料及其制备方法

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