CN111492882A - Density transplanting method for red date close planting garden - Google Patents
Density transplanting method for red date close planting garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN111492882A CN111492882A CN202010374216.XA CN202010374216A CN111492882A CN 111492882 A CN111492882 A CN 111492882A CN 202010374216 A CN202010374216 A CN 202010374216A CN 111492882 A CN111492882 A CN 111492882A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/029—Receptacles for seedlings
- A01G9/0299—Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a density transplanting method for a red date close planting garden, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a transplanting garden and preparing soil; (2) close planting garden final singling; (3) trimming and cutting off the stems; (4) digging up a close planting garden; (5) root system pruning and pit digging backfilling; (6) root dipping treatment; (7) fertilizing and planting in big holes; (8) covering a mulching film; (9) and (5) irrigating. The method has the advantages that the survival rate of the red date density transplanting is high, the survival rate of the seedlings after the red date density transplanting is dipped in roots and the seedlings are transplanted in a broadcasting way can be improved to more than 95%, the guiding ideas of density thinning, dry lifting and crown expanding of the standard shaping and trimming of the red date garden are realized, worries of farmers after low benefits are caused by density thinning are eliminated, and the commodity quality of the red dates can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of red date transplanting, and particularly relates to a sparse and dense transplanting method for a red date close planting garden.
Background
Red dates are one of the special fruits in Xinjiang, and due to the unique natural geographical conditions of drought, light rain and sufficient sunlight in Xinjiang, the red dates are planted in Xinjiang and are developed in a large scale. Especially, the Tarim basin in Xinjiang province and the surrounding areas have the natural resource advantage and the variety advantage of developing the red dates which are extremely thick due to the unique climate type and the diverse ecological and production environments, and the jujube tree cultivation area in Xinjiang is 46.67 kilohm at the end of 20152。
In recent years, the dwarfing close planting jujube orchard plays an important role in southern Xinjiang area of main red jujube production area, and 3 densities of 1.5m × 4.0.0 m and 111 plants/667 m are adopted according to concrete soil condition and reasonable close planting of management technical level2The medium and dense planting garden is 1.5m × 2.0.0 m, 222 plants/667 m21.0m × 1.5.5 m in a high-density plantation, 445 plants/667 m2. The close planting date garden basically enters the full bearing period after 6 to 7 years.
At present, when the planting density is high, the light transmittance of the jujube trees is poor, ventilation is not facilitated, although the land is fully utilized, the quality of the produced fruits is poor, and the economic benefit is low. Therefore, the cultivation density of the jujube orchard needs to be reduced, the row spacing of the plants is increased, the trunk is improved, ventilation and light transmission of the jujube orchard and mechanical operation are facilitated, the management efficiency of the orchard and the quality of fruits are improved, the plants are densely planted for 6-8 years, the ground diameter is basically 5-8cm, the transplanting survival rate is only 40-60% according to the existing root soaking and root dipping method, the transplanting survival rate is very low, thinning can only be realized, economic loss is caused to vast fruit growers, and waste in jujube cultivation is also caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that density of red dates is low in survival rate of density transplanting, and the density of an orchard can only be reduced by intermediate cutting, so that a red date farmer is unwilling to reduce the density and influence the quality and efficiency improving work of the red dates to actively promote production, and provides a density transplanting method of a red date density planting orchard, so as to solve the problem of survival rate of seedlings for density transplanting of the red dates, and realize timely density thinning, drying and crown expanding, and better quality and efficiency improving work can be realized.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a density-sparse transplanting method for a red date density plantation comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a transplanting garden and preparing soil;
(2) close planting garden final singling;
(3) trimming and cutting off the stems;
(4) digging up a close planting garden;
(5) root system pruning and pit digging backfilling;
(6) root dipping treatment;
(7) fertilizing and planting in big holes;
(8) covering a mulching film;
(9) and (5) irrigating.
Further, the method for selecting and preparing the transplantation garden in the step (1) comprises the following steps: selecting a land with flat terrain near the close planting garden, convenient irrigation and loose texture; leveling the ground; and (4) arranging dropper pipelines according to the row spacing of the standard orchard plants, and dripping water once 8-10 days before transplanting.
Further, the method for close planting garden final singling in the step (2) comprises the following steps: and selecting red date seedlings to be transplanted at intervals in a close planting garden according to density requirements.
Further, the method for trimming and cutting off the trunk in the step (3) comprises the following steps: the selected nursery stock to be transplanted is cut again, the height of the tree is cut again by 0.8-1.0 meter, the tree is trimmed according to the shape of a fusiform tree, 2-3 main branches are reserved, the length of the main branches is 20cm, the rest branches are all thinned, and a layer of callus cream is smeared on the section of the branch wound exceeding 1cm in the pruning treatment.
Further, the dense plantation digging method in the step (4) comprises the following steps: 3-6 days before digging, watering the close planting garden to ensure that the transplanted nursery stock absorbs enough water; starting to dig at a position 6-7 times of the diameter of the trunk of the tree, cutting off the thick and strong root by pruning scissors or sawing by hand saw, preventing the root phloem and xylem from being broken and the root from being torn, and preventing the phloem of the main side root from being complete and free of damage and leading the root to have more hairy roots as much as possible; avoid the damage to the preserved red date seedlings when digging.
Further, the root system trimming and pit digging and backfilling method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: the damaged main lateral roots are immediately trimmed, the main roots are kept for more than 25cm, the lateral roots are kept for more than 20cm, and the number of the original lateral roots is not reduced; and timely backfilling the dug pit of the close planting garden to be flat, and irrigating once.
Further, the root dipping treatment method in the step (6) comprises the following steps: adding water into the mineral root protecting agent, stirring to form viscous slurry, and timely uniformly dipping the root of the bare-rooted seedling with the thickness of 2-3mm after the root system is trimmed;
the mineral root protecting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 140 parts of natural sodium bentonite mineral powder, 70-80 parts of fulvic acid mineral powder, 50-60 parts of licorice root residue, 4-6 parts of polyacrylic acid sodium salt resin, 1-2 parts of microbial agent and 0.03 part of rooting powder.
Furthermore, the method for fertilizing and planting the big holes in the step (7) comprises the steps of digging 1.0m × 1.0m × 1.0.0 m in a transplanting pit, applying 5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 100g of mineral root protecting agent to each hole at the bottom of the pit, mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and the mineral root protecting agent with surface soil, filling the mixture into the transplanting pit for fertilizing, spreading and straightening root systems during planting, applying 2kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 400g of mineral root protecting agent to each hole, mixing the mixture with the surface soil, filling the mixture into the transplanting pit, and treading the transplanting pit with one foot for layering and earthing.
Further, the method for covering the mulching film in the step (8) comprises the following steps: after the transplanting is finished, a mulching film with the width of 1.2 meters is paved along the tree row by taking the fixedly planted red date seedlings as the center, and a drip irrigation tape is pressed to form drip irrigation under the film.
Further, the irrigation method in the step (9) is as follows: and immediately irrigating root fixing water once after the red date seedlings are planted, and irrigating water thoroughly 10-15 days after the root fixing water is irrigated for the second time.
According to the sparse and dense transplanting method for the red date dense planting garden, water is added to the transplanting garden before transplanting, so that soil moisture content is kept appropriate, rooting and growth of seedlings are facilitated, and the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings is improved. The irrigation of the close planting garden before the digging of the red jujube seedlings is to supplement nutrients and water for the trees in the close planting garden, ensure that the trees have sufficient nutrients and water in the transplanting process, and the soil is moist to facilitate the digging of the transplanted seedlings. The close planting garden is backfilled and irrigated in time after the close planting garden is dug, so that the influence of sparse and dense digging on the preservation of the nursery stocks in the close planting garden can be avoided. The mulching film can store heat and preserve soil moisture, improve the ground temperature and prevent the growth of weeds. The root water is used for thoroughly watering the planted seedlings, so that the soil is sunk, no gap is left, the root system is fully combined with the soil, the seedlings are promoted to quickly recover to grow, the disease resistance is improved, and the root water is very powerful for later growth.
The important link of the high survival rate of the dense transplanting method of the red date close planting garden is that the root of the seedling after being dug is dipped with the mineral root protecting agent, the mineral root protecting agent can form a layer of protective film on the root system of the seedling, the adhesive force is strong, the seedling is not easy to fall off, the loss of moisture and nutrients of the seedling caused by bad weather, long-time storage, long-distance transportation and the like is prevented, and the moisture and fertilizer preserving effect before and after transplanting is good; when the fertilizer is applied in planting, the air permeability and the water drainage of soil can be increased, all the substances jointly play a role in promoting the development of root systems, improving the restoring force and the regeneration force of branches and leaves and ensuring vigorous growth. The fulvic acid mineral powder in the mineral root protecting agent has high loading capacity and high physiological activity, and plays a role in comprehensively regulating the growth and development of seedlings; the growth vigor and the disease resistance of the seedlings and the permeability of seedling cell membranes are enhanced; the growth of the seedling root system and the activity of the root system are promoted, the absorption of the plant to water and nutrient elements is facilitated, the chlorophyll content is increased, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the stress resistance of the plant is improved, and the root growth and seedling strengthening are realized; the licorice residue contains more beneficial components, contains a certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements, provides organic substances for red jujube seedlings, and promotes the recovery of root systems; the sodium polyacrylate resin has a strong water retention function, provides sufficient water for the nursery stock and is beneficial to the growth of root systems; the microbial agent plays a role in preventing and treating the infection of the damaged root system of the nursery stock in a humid environment and disinfecting soil; the natural sodium bentonite has the advantages of water absorption, cohesiveness and organic matter adsorption, the structural characteristics of the natural sodium bentonite can enable all components to be bonded together and exert the synergistic effect of all compound substances, the natural sodium bentonite has the advantages of soil moisture conservation, improvement of effective utilization rates of organic matters, phytohormones and the like, particularly can continuously and slowly release water and nutrient components, and is favorable for propagation of microbial bacteria.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the density-sparse transplanting method for the red date density-dense planting garden, the survival rate of red date density-sparse transplanting is high, the survival rate of seedlings after root dipping and broadcasting transplanting can be improved to more than 95%, the guiding ideas of density-sparse, dry-lifting and crown-expanding for standard shaping and pruning of the red date garden are realized, worries of later consideration of low benefits of red date farmers due to density-sparse are eliminated, and the commodity quality of red dates can be improved.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
The raw material sources are as follows: the natural sodium bentonite mineral powder is purchased from Qitai county national plain bentonite mineral with the fineness of 125 meshes; purchasing fulvic acid from Xinjiang Hui Ding Pheretima humic acid Limited liability company with raw material fineness of 100 mesh; the microbial agent is purchased from Shandong Baishiwei pesticide Co Ltd, and the main strains are bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens; rooting powder double gill (GGR6) rooting powder from Beijing Albizi Biotech limited; the sodium polyacrylate resin is purchased from green lipp NSI-415 water-retaining agent of Beijing zun Huashang blue environmental technology Limited; purchasing wound liniment of Zhengzhou Ruizui agriculture chemical company Limited; the licorice slag is purchased from Xinjiang Fuwoo pharmaceutical industry Co., Ltd, dried at low temperature of 40 ℃ and crushed into 20 meshes of fineness; decomposed organic fertilizer is purchased from decomposed sheep manure of local jujube farmers.
Example 1-2 was conducted in karvake county, achilles, in Xinjiang and Maoyu county, at the beginning of 3 months, 40 mu of sandy wasteland in the south of achilles village was selected as a transplantation garden, the transplantation garden was located near a close-planting garden, the terrain was flat, irrigation was facilitated, the texture was loose, the land parcel was leveled and the construction of a peripheral protection forest was conducted, row spacing was 1.5x4 meters according to the standard design of a jujube garden, and burette lines were installed; the close planting garden is a 20 mu courser jujube garden planted in 2013, the row spacing of the plants is 0.5x 3m, and the diameter at breast height is 5-6 cm; the density of the dense planting garden is designed to be 1.5x 3m, 2 plants are selected for digging every 1 plant, and 4500 plants are dug together.
Example 1
Selecting 2500 red date seedlings for transplanting, carrying out primary irrigation on a transplanting garden on the 8 th day before transplanting, carrying out primary irrigation on a dense planting garden 4 days before digging, pruning and cutting off the selected red date seedlings, keeping 0.8-1.0 meter of the height of the tree, keeping 2-3 main branches, keeping the main branches 30cm long, removing all the other branches, smearing a layer of callus on the section with the wound exceeding 1cm in pruning treatment, digging at the position 6-7 times of the diameter of the tree trunk, cutting off strong and thick roots by pruning shears or sawing by hand, pruning main side roots damaged in digging, keeping the main roots for field planting more than 25cm, keeping the side roots for more than 20cm without reducing the number of the original side roots, timely digging, backfilling and leveling the dense planting garden, timely irrigating, digging, using natural sodium base bentonite 12 kg, potassium fulvate, 5kg, liquorice residues 400g of sodium polyacrylate resin, 100g of microbial agent, 3 g of raw root protecting powder, blending mineral, mixing the mineral, adding water, forming a soil, adding a water, uniformly stirring, forming a soil, adding a water, a soil, adding a soil for forming a soil for transplanting, adding a soil for forming a soil for transplanting, a first time, adding 1.2-1.2 kg, adding a soil for transplanting, a soil for a second time, a soil for transplanting, a soil for transplanting, adding a soil for transplanting, a soil for forming a soil for transplanting, a soil for forming a soil for.
Example 2
1500 red date seedlings are selected for transplanting, the transplanting method is basically the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the differences are as follows: the mineral root protecting agent is prepared by blending 14 kg of natural sodium bentonite ore powder, 8 kg of potassium fulvate ore powder, 6 kg of licorice root residue, 600 g of sodium polyacrylate resin, 200 g of microbial agent and 3 g of rooting powder.
According to investigation at the end of 10 months, the density transplanting survival rate of the red dates reaches 99.04 percent by adopting the transplanting method of the embodiment 1, the young sprout growth amount reaches 61.23cm, the density transplanting survival rate of the red dates reaches 99.13 percent by adopting the transplanting method of the embodiment 2, and the young sprout growth amount reaches 61.48 cm.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sparse and dense transplanting method for a red date dense planting garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a transplanting garden and preparing soil;
(2) close planting garden final singling;
(3) trimming and cutting off the stems;
(4) digging up a close planting garden;
(5) root system pruning and pit digging backfilling;
(6) root dipping treatment;
(7) fertilizing and planting in big holes;
(8) covering a mulching film;
(9) and (5) irrigating.
2. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting orchard of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for selecting and preparing the land of the transplanting orchard in the step (1) is as follows: selecting a land with flat terrain near the close planting garden, convenient irrigation and loose texture; leveling the ground; and (4) arranging dropper pipelines according to the row spacing of the standard orchard plants, and dripping water once 8-10 days before transplanting.
3. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting orchard of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the close planting orchard setting method in the step (2) is as follows: and selecting red date seedlings to be transplanted at intervals in a close planting garden according to density requirements.
4. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting orchard of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pruning and cutting method in the step (3) comprises the following steps: the selected nursery stock to be transplanted is cut again, the height of the tree is cut again by 0.8-1.0 meter, the tree is trimmed according to the shape of a fusiform tree, 2-3 main branches are reserved, the length of the main branches is 20cm, the rest branches are all thinned, and a layer of callus cream is smeared on the section of the branch wound exceeding 1cm in the pruning treatment.
5. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting orchard of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the digging method for the close planting orchard in the step (4) is as follows: 3-6 days before digging, watering the close planting garden to ensure that the transplanted nursery stock absorbs enough water; starting to dig at a position 6-7 times of the diameter of the trunk of the tree, cutting off the thick and strong root by pruning scissors or sawing by hand saw, preventing the root phloem and xylem from being broken and the root from being torn, and preventing the phloem of the main side root from being complete and free of damage and leading the root to have more hairy roots as much as possible; avoid the damage to the preserved red date seedlings when digging.
6. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting orchard of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root system pruning and pit digging backfilling method in the step (5) comprises the following steps: the damaged main lateral roots are immediately trimmed, the main roots are kept for more than 25cm, the lateral roots are kept for more than 20cm, and the number of the original lateral roots is not reduced; and timely backfilling the dug pit of the close planting garden to be flat, and irrigating once.
7. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting orchard of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root dipping treatment method in the step (6) is as follows: adding water into the mineral root protecting agent, stirring to form viscous slurry, and timely uniformly dipping the root of the bare-rooted seedling with the thickness of 2-3mm after the root system is trimmed;
the mineral root protecting agent comprises the following components in parts by weight: 140 parts of natural sodium bentonite mineral powder, 70-80 parts of fulvic acid mineral powder, 50-60 parts of licorice root residue, 4-6 parts of polyacrylic acid sodium salt resin, 1-2 parts of microbial agent and 0.03 part of rooting powder.
8. The dense transplanting method for the red dates dense planting garden as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method for fertilizing and planting in big holes in step (7) comprises the steps of digging 1.0m × 1.0.0 m × 1.0.0 m in a transplanting pit, applying 5kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 100g of mineral root-protecting agent to each hole at the bottom of the pit, mixing with surface soil, filling the mixture into the transplanting pit for fertilizing, spreading and straightening root systems during planting, applying 2kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 400g of mineral root-protecting agent to each hole, mixing with the surface soil, filling into the transplanting pit, and treading on one foot for layering and hilling.
9. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting orchard of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for covering mulching films in the step (8) is as follows: after the transplanting is finished, a mulching film with the width of 1.2 meters is paved along the tree row by taking the fixedly planted red date seedlings as the center, and a drip irrigation tape is pressed to form drip irrigation under the film.
10. The sparse and dense transplanting method for the close planting garden of red dates as claimed in claim 1, wherein the irrigation method in the step (9) is as follows: and immediately irrigating root fixing water once after the red date seedlings are planted, and irrigating water thoroughly 10-15 days after the root fixing water is irrigated for the second time.
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