CN111478053A - Deformation luneberg lens and antenna - Google Patents
Deformation luneberg lens and antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN111478053A CN111478053A CN202010315048.7A CN202010315048A CN111478053A CN 111478053 A CN111478053 A CN 111478053A CN 202010315048 A CN202010315048 A CN 202010315048A CN 111478053 A CN111478053 A CN 111478053A
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- lens
- antenna
- anamorphic
- luneberg lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anamorphic luneberg lens, which comprises a lens body, wherein the shape of the lens body is an ellipsoid. The invention also discloses a deformed luneberg lens antenna, the lens body is ellipsoidal, compared with the traditional spherical structure, on the premise of not changing other structures of the lens body, the invention not only ensures that the performances such as gain and the like are unchanged, but also can reduce the volume, thereby meeting the application scenes with different widths of wave beams in different directions; the beam broadening effect of the anamorphic lens antenna is obvious, and when the anamorphic lens antenna is used as a phased array element, the space coverage of scanning beams is obviously enlarged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a deformable luneberg lens and an antenna.
Background
The luneberg lens takes a spherical shape as a basic shape, and the luneberg lens antenna is a lens antenna which focuses electromagnetic waves to a focal point through a dielectric medium, and comprises a luneberg lens and a feed source arranged on the lens. The luneberg lens ball is a sphere made of dielectric materials and can converge electromagnetic waves transmitted from all directions to a corresponding point on the surface of the lens. In the part infinitely close to the surface of the sphere, the dielectric constant of the material is 1, namely the material is the same as the dielectric constant of air; the dielectric constant of the sphere center is 2, and the dielectric constant of the material of the sphere from the surface to the center is gradually changed.
The radiation pattern of the existing spherical luneberg lens antenna has a conical shape with the same beam width in different directions, but the beam width requirements of the antenna in different directions are different in many application scenes, and the spherical luneberg lens cannot be used under the condition.
For example, the antenna radiation pattern required in base station communications is a sector; in a one-dimensional phased array, the beam width of the scanning dimension is expanded in order to expand the scanning range.
The invention patent application with the application number of 'CN 201610555043.5' provides a dielectric lens, wherein the dielectric lens is a cylindrical lens or an ellipsoidal lens with a quasi-ellipse cross section outline; the dielectric lens is formed by stacking a plurality of unit bodies. The dielectric constant distribution of the unit cells in the dielectric lens causes the non-planar wave in the direction of the minor axis of the quasi-ellipse to become a planar wave through the dielectric lens. The unit body of the medium lens is prepared by adopting extrusion, injection molding, mould pressing, CNC (computer numerical control) processing or 3D printing process technology, and the assembly mode of the unit body can adopt gluing, welding, structural clamping or direct printing connection through 3D printing. When the dielectric lens is applied to the split antenna, the system capacity of a communication system can be improved. Compared with the traditional cylindrical luneberg lens antenna, the split antenna achieves the purpose of reducing the thickness of the lens; however, in the patent solution, the dielectric constant of the quasi-ellipsoidal lens changes only along the short axis direction, so that the electromagnetic wave in the direction changes from a non-planar wave to a planar wave, and the shape of the radiation pattern of the antenna is not changed, and the application scenarios of beams with different directions and different widths cannot be satisfied.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a deformable luneberg lens and an antenna, so as to solve the problem that the spherical luneberg lens cannot meet the application scenarios of beams with different directions and different widths.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means:
the utility model provides an anamorphic luneberg lens, includes the lens body, the shape of lens body is the ellipsoid type.
The lens body is ellipsoid-shaped, compares traditional spherical structure, under the prerequisite that does not change other structures of lens body, has guaranteed promptly that performance such as gain is unchangeable, can also reduce the volume to satisfy the different application scenarios of width of different direction wave beams.
As a further scheme of the invention: the vertical downward projection of the lens body is an ellipse.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the ellipse, the length of the minor semi-axis of the ellipse is marked by a parameter a, the length of the major semi-axis of the ellipse is marked by a parameter b, and the axial ratio of the ellipse is marked by a parameter k; the minor axis a of the ellipse is 40 mm.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ellipse axial ratio parameter k is 1-3.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ellipse axial ratio parameter k is 1.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ellipse axial ratio parameter k is 2.
As a further scheme of the invention: the ellipse axial ratio parameter k is 3.
An antenna based on the deformed luneberg lens comprises a feed source, wherein the feed source is arranged below the deformed luneberg lens.
As a further scheme of the invention, the antenna further comprises an antenna housing, and the anamorphic luneberg lens is arranged between the feed source and the antenna housing.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the lens body is ellipsoidal, and the dielectric constants in the short axis direction and the long axis direction are changed regularly, so that the wave-focusing effect of the lens body is basically balanced and equal in different incoming wave directions, the wave-focusing effect of the lens on electromagnetic waves with any polarization can be ensured to be the same, and the deformed lens body still belongs to a luneberg lens, so that the lens body still has the potential of generating a plurality of beams by arranging a plurality of feed sources on the lens body; compare traditional spherical structure, under the prerequisite that does not change other structures of lens body, guaranteed performance such as gain promptly and unchangeable, can also reduce the volume to satisfy the different application scenarios of width of different direction wave beams.
2. The beam broadening effect of the anamorphic lens antenna is obvious, and when the anamorphic lens antenna is used as a phased array element, the space coverage of scanning beams is obviously enlarged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a lens body according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anamorphic luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic projection diagram of an anamorphic luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows an anamorphic lens antenna a of 40mm in an embodiment of the present invention; the variation curve diagram of the antenna top gain and the antenna radiation efficiency when k is increased from 1 to 3.
Fig. 5 is a gain pattern of the XOZ plane when the elliptical axial ratio parameter k of the anamorphic lens antenna in the embodiment of the present invention is increased from 1 to 3.
Fig. 6 is a gain pattern of the YOZ plane when the elliptical axial ratio parameter k of the anamorphic lens antenna is increased from 1 to 3 in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the radiation patterns of the deformed luneberg lens antenna unit with a being 40mm and the elliptical axial ratio parameter k being 2 and the regular spherical luneberg lens antenna unit with the same caliber at 13.5GHz in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a directional diagram of an 8-element linear array formed by the deformed luneberg lens antenna along the short axis direction and used for performing phase-controlled scanning in the dimension at different scanning angles in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 shows the directional diagrams at different scanning angles when the same aperture regular spherical luneberg lens antenna forms 8 antenna arrays and then performs phased scanning.
In the figure, 1 is the lens body and 2 is the feed source.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a lens body according to an embodiment of the invention; an anamorphic luneberg lens comprises a lens body 1, wherein the shape of the lens body 1 is an ellipsoid.
Further, in the present embodiment, the vertical downward projection of the lens body 1 is an ellipse.
Further, in this embodiment, in the ellipse, the length of the semiminor axis of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter a, the length of the semimajor axis of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter b, and the axial ratio of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter k. It is easy to know that k is b/a.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the semi-minor axis a of the ellipse may be determined according to an actual situation, preferably, the semi-minor axis a is 40mm, and the ellipse axial ratio parameter k may be selected according to the actual situation, for example, the ellipse axial ratio parameter k takes a value of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, and in this embodiment is 1.1.
The lens body is elliptical, and the dielectric constants in the short axis direction and the long axis direction are changed regularly, so that the wave-focusing effect of the lens body is basically balanced and equal in different incoming wave directions, the wave-focusing effect of the lens on electromagnetic waves with any polarization can be ensured to be the same, and the deformed lens body still belongs to a luneberg lens, so that the lens body still has the potential of generating a plurality of beams by arranging a plurality of feed sources on the lens body; compare traditional spherical structure, under the prerequisite that does not change other structures of lens body, guaranteed performance such as gain promptly and unchangeable, can also reduce the volume to satisfy the different application scenarios of width of different direction wave beams.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a lens body according to an embodiment of the invention; an anamorphic luneberg lens comprises a lens body 1, wherein the shape of the lens body 1 is an ellipsoid.
Further, in the present embodiment, the vertical downward projection of the lens body 1 is an ellipse.
Further, in this embodiment, in the ellipse, the length of the semiminor axis of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter a, the length of the semimajor axis of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter b, and the axial ratio of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter k. It is easy to know that k is b/a.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the semi-minor axis a of the ellipse may be determined according to an actual situation, preferably, the semi-minor axis a is 40mm, and the ellipse axial ratio parameter k may be selected according to the actual situation, for example, the ellipse axial ratio parameter k takes a value of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, and in this embodiment is 2.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a lens body according to an embodiment of the invention; an anamorphic luneberg lens comprises a lens body 1, wherein the shape of the lens body 1 is an ellipsoid.
Further, in the present embodiment, the vertical downward projection of the lens body 1 is an ellipse.
Further, in this embodiment, in the ellipse, the length of the semiminor axis of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter a, the length of the semimajor axis of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter b, and the axial ratio of the ellipse is denoted by a parameter k. It is easy to know that k is b/a.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the semi-minor axis a of the ellipse may be determined according to an actual situation, preferably, the semi-minor axis a is 40mm, and the ellipse axial ratio parameter k may be selected according to the actual situation, for example, the ellipse axial ratio parameter k takes a value of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3, and is 3 in this embodiment.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an anamorphic luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a schematic projection diagram of an anamorphic luneberg lens antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention; an anamorphic luneberg lens antenna comprises the anamorphic luneberg lens of any one of embodiments 1-3, and further comprises a feed source 2, wherein the feed source 2 is arranged below the anamorphic luneberg lens.
Further, in this embodiment, the feed source may further include an antenna housing, a fixing mode of the antenna housing may be selected according to an actual situation, for example, the antenna housing is fixed to the ground or other objects by bolts, and the deformable luneberg lens is disposed between the feed source 2 and the antenna housing.
It should be noted that the feed source 2 may be disposed below the deformable luneberg lens through a bolt or in another manner (for example, the feed source is connected with the luneberg lens into an integral structure), and meanwhile, the luneberg ball may be integrally connected through a support column and the like to be disposed between the feed source 2 and the radome, and the fixed connection manner of the deformable luneberg lens and the feed source 2 may be determined according to actual working requirements.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the center frequency of the feed source 2 may be selected according to actual situations, and in this embodiment, 13.5GHz is preferred.
In addition, in order to better illustrate the beneficial effects of the invention, a simulation experiment is carried out, the radiation performance is observed, the center frequency of the feed source 2 is 13.5GHz, the length of the fixed semi-axis a is 40mm, and when the ellipse axis ratio parameter k is increased from 1 to 3, the radiation pattern of the elliptical oblate spheroid luneberg lens antenna at 13.5GHz is observed.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 shows an anamorphic lens antenna a of 40mm according to an embodiment of the present invention; when k is increased from 1 to 3, the change curve of the antenna top gain and the antenna radiation efficiency is shown schematically, the change curve with a blank circle represents the antenna radiation efficiency, and the change curve with a black square represents the antenna top gain; it can be seen that when the ellipse axial ratio parameter k is increased from 1 to 3, the radiation efficiency of the antenna is reduced from 93% to 82%. It can be calculated that the gain is reduced by 0.5dB if the pattern shape is not changed. However, as k increases from 1 to 3, the antenna gain decreases from 19.5dBi to 13.0dBi and then increases to 19.0 dBi. The change rule of the gain is not consistent with the change of the radiation efficiency, and is inevitably caused by the change of the shape of the directional diagram;
referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 shows the gain pattern of the XOZ plane when the elliptical axial ratio parameter k of the anamorphic lens antenna is increased from 1 to 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention; as can be seen from fig. 5, the beam width varies significantly at plane xoz: as k increases from 1 to 2, the beam width increases from 16.6 ° to 62.4 °; as k continues to increase from 2 to 3, the beamwidth decreases from 62.4 to 22.9 °, and the region stabilizes; therefore, when k is about 2, the effect of widening the beam becomes most remarkable.
Fig. 6 shows the gain pattern of the YOZ plane when the elliptical axial ratio parameter k of the anamorphic lens antenna in the embodiment of the present invention is increased from 1 to 3, and in fig. 6, it can be seen that the beam width of the pattern does not vary significantly in the YOZ plane xoz, and the beam width remains substantially stable after increasing from 1 to 1.5;
the method can be obtained by transforming the spherical luneberg lens into the elliptical oblate spheroid luneberg lens, obviously widening the beam with the minor axis dimension, and reducing the change of the beam span with the major axis dimension, thereby achieving the purpose of changing the beam width with a certain dimension.
Referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 shows radiation patterns of an anamorphic luneberg lens antenna unit and a regular spherical luneberg lens antenna unit with the same aperture and an elliptical axial ratio parameter k of 2 at 13.5GHz in an embodiment of the present invention; as can be seen from the figure, the beam width of the regular spherical luneberg lens antenna in the xoz plane is 12.2 °, but the beam width of the anamorphic luneberg lens antenna is expanded to 62.4 °, which is widened by more than 5 times. We also see that the beam width of the regular spherical luneberg lens antenna in the yoz plane is 13.6 °, but the beam width of the anamorphic luneberg lens antenna is expanded to 8.4 °, which is reduced by a factor of 1.6.
Fig. 8 is a directional diagram of an 8-element linear array formed by the deformed luneberg lens antenna along the short axis direction and at different scanning angles when phased scanning is performed in the dimension in the embodiment of the present invention, and in fig. 8, it can be seen that when the array scans from 0 ° to 30 °, the gain is reduced by less than 1.3 dB. It is shown that the beam scanning range of the anamorphic luneberg lens antenna is sufficient to cover a spatial range of ± 30 °.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the directional diagrams at different scan angles for phased scanning after an 8-wire array is formed by a regular spherical luneberg lens antenna with the same aperture, and it can be seen in FIG. 9 that the gain is reduced by more than 3dB after the array is scanned to 5 degrees; when the array is scanned to 7.5 deg., the gain is reduced by more than 7 dB. The beam scanning range of the regular spherical luneberg lens with the same aperture is shown to be less than +/-5 degrees.
The comparison results of fig. 7, fig. 8 and fig. 9 show that the beam broadening effect of the anamorphic luneberg lens antenna is obvious, and when the anamorphic luneberg lens antenna is used as a phased array element, the spatial coverage of the scanning beam is obviously increased.
The working principle is as follows:
the shape of the lens body 1 is an ellipsoid shape, after the lens body is applied to an antenna, the obtained beam broadening effect of the deformed luneberg lens antenna is obvious, and when the lens body is used as a phased array element, the space coverage range of scanning beams is obviously enlarged.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The deformable luneberg lens is characterized by comprising a lens body (1), wherein the shape of the lens body (1) is an ellipsoid.
2. An anamorphic luneberg lens according to claim 1, wherein the vertical downward projection of the lens body (1) is elliptical.
3. The anamorphic luneberg lens of claim 1 wherein the ellipse has a length of the minor axis of the ellipse designated by parameter a, a length of the major axis of the ellipse designated by parameter b, and an axial ratio of the ellipse designated by parameter k; the minor axis a of the ellipse is 40 mm.
4. An anamorphic luneberg lens according to claim 1 wherein the elliptical axial ratio parameter k is from 1 to 3.
5. An anamorphic luneberg lens according to claim 1 wherein the elliptical axial ratio parameter k is 1.1.
6. An anamorphic luneberg lens according to claim 1 wherein the elliptical axial ratio parameter k is 2.
7. An anamorphic luneberg lens according to claim 1 wherein the elliptical axial ratio parameter k is 3.
8. An antenna based on an anamorphic luneberg lens as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising a feed (2), the feed (2) being disposed below the anamorphic luneberg lens.
9. An anamorphic luneberg lens antenna according to claim 8, further comprising a radome, the anamorphic luneberg lens being disposed between the feed (2) and the radome.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010315048.7A CN111478053A (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Deformation luneberg lens and antenna |
| CN202022918742.6U CN213660638U (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-12-08 | Deformation luneberg lens and antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010315048.7A CN111478053A (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Deformation luneberg lens and antenna |
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| CN111478053A true CN111478053A (en) | 2020-07-31 |
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| CN202010315048.7A Withdrawn CN111478053A (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-04-21 | Deformation luneberg lens and antenna |
| CN202022918742.6U Active CN213660638U (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-12-08 | Deformation luneberg lens and antenna |
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| CN202022918742.6U Active CN213660638U (en) | 2020-04-21 | 2020-12-08 | Deformation luneberg lens and antenna |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114336078A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆文理学院 | Special-shaped luneberg lens with high dielectric constant |
| CN114552227A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-05-27 | 电子科技大学 | Planar luneberg lens antenna based on sparse phased array feed |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114254504B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-04-07 | 广州极飞科技股份有限公司 | Method and device for determining production parameters of antenna lens and computer equipment |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107623174A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Di-lens and splitting antenna |
| CN109088173A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-25 | 电子科技大学 | Large-angle scanning ellipsoid dielectric lens antenna based on phased array feed |
-
2020
- 2020-04-21 CN CN202010315048.7A patent/CN111478053A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2020-12-08 CN CN202022918742.6U patent/CN213660638U/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107623174A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-23 | 华为技术有限公司 | Di-lens and splitting antenna |
| CN109088173A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2018-12-25 | 电子科技大学 | Large-angle scanning ellipsoid dielectric lens antenna based on phased array feed |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114336078A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-12 | 重庆文理学院 | Special-shaped luneberg lens with high dielectric constant |
| CN114336078B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2024-06-04 | 重庆文理学院 | Special-shaped luneberg lens with high dielectric constant |
| CN114552227A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-05-27 | 电子科技大学 | Planar luneberg lens antenna based on sparse phased array feed |
| CN114552227B (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-26 | 电子科技大学 | Planar luneberg lens antenna based on sparse phased array feed |
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Application publication date: 20200731 |