CN111470949A - Synthesis method of cyclohexanol compound - Google Patents

Synthesis method of cyclohexanol compound Download PDF

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CN111470949A
CN111470949A CN201910063231.XA CN201910063231A CN111470949A CN 111470949 A CN111470949 A CN 111470949A CN 201910063231 A CN201910063231 A CN 201910063231A CN 111470949 A CN111470949 A CN 111470949A
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earth metal
alkaline earth
carbon
nickel
nanocomposite
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谢婧新
宗明生
荣峻峰
吴耿煌
于鹏
林伟国
纪洪波
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petroleum and Chemical Corp
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/17—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds
    • C07C29/19—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds in six-membered aromatic rings
    • C07C29/20—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by hydrogenation of carbon-to-carbon double or triple bonds in six-membered aromatic rings in a non-condensed rings substituted with hydroxy groups
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
    • B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
    • B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
    • B01J35/23—
    • B01J35/33—
    • B01J35/398—
    • B01J35/615—
    • B01J35/633—
    • B01J35/647—
    • B01J35/69—
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/02—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14—The ring being saturated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts

Abstract

The invention provides a synthesis method of cyclohexanol compounds, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing a phenol compound to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkaline earth metal as a catalyst; the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkaline earth metal and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles. The method adopts the carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite containing alkaline earth metal as the catalyst, the carbon material and the nickel nanoparticles act synergistically to produce a good catalytic effect, the alkaline earth metal of the shell layer further synergistically improves the catalytic performance of the material, and the catalyst is used for synthesizing the cyclohexanol compounds by hydrogenation reduction of the phenol compounds and has excellent activity, selectivity and safety.

Description

Synthesis method of cyclohexanol compound
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of catalysis, and particularly relates to a synthetic method of cyclohexanol compounds.
Background
The cyclohexanol compounds are very important chemical intermediates and have very wide application in the industries of medicine, pesticide, household cosmetics and the like. With the development of coal chemical industry in recent years, a large amount of phenol compounds can be extracted from coal chemical products, and the phenol compounds are used as raw materials to prepare cyclohexanol compounds with high additional values through hydrogenation reaction from the viewpoints of easy acquisition of raw materials and low cost, so that the method has very important economic value.
At present, catalysts for catalyzing hydrogenation reaction of phenol compounds mainly comprise noble metal catalysts such as platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh). The Pt and Pd noble metal catalysts have the advantages of high catalytic activity, mild reaction conditions and the like, but the noble metal catalysts have high price and cost, and the loss of noble metals has great harm to the environment, so the application of the noble metal catalysts in industrial production is limited. Non-noble metal catalysts, such as nickel, also have a series of problems in practical production application, such as easy agglomeration in the preparation process, easy elution in the catalytic hydrogenation process, poor stability, great potential safety hazard, and the like.
From the above, it is known that the development of a hydrogenation reduction catalyst which is stable in air and has excellent catalytic performance for hydrogenation reduction of phenol compounds to synthesize cyclohexanol compounds is a problem to be solved in the art.
It is noted that the information disclosed in the foregoing background section is only for enhancement of background understanding of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a synthesis method of cyclohexanol compounds, which adopts a carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite containing alkaline-earth metal as a catalyst, wherein the nanocomposite is formed by coating nickel nanoparticles with a graphitized carbon layer containing alkaline-earth metal and oxygen to form a core-shell structure, the carbon material and the nickel nanoparticles act synergistically to produce a good catalytic effect, the alkaline-earth metal of the shell layer further synergistically improves the catalytic performance of the material, and the cyclohexanol compounds are used for synthesizing cyclohexanol compounds by hydrogenation reduction of phenol compounds and have excellent activity, selectivity and safety.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for synthesizing cyclohexanol compounds comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing a phenol compound to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkaline earth metal as a catalyst;
the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkaline earth metal and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the benzene ring of the phenol compound further contains a substituent selected from C1-20One or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the phenolic compound is selected from one or more of phenol, 2, 6-dimethylphenol and 4-cyclopropylphenol.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the catalyst is 1% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30% by mass of the phenolic compound.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the hydrogenation reduction reaction is generally 150 ℃ to 250 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the pressure of the hydrogen gas is generally 3MPa to 6 MPa.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the catalyst and the phenol compound are mixed in a solvent and then subjected to a hydrogenation reduction reaction, wherein the solvent is one or more selected from the group consisting of alcohols, ethers, alkanes and water.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the reaction time of the hydrogenation reduction is 1 to 12 hours.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having at least one mesopore distribution peak. Optionally, the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having two or more mesopore distribution peaks. Optionally, the nanocomposite material has a mesopore distribution peak in a pore size range of 2nm to 7nm and a pore size range of 8nm to 20nm, respectively. Optionally, the mesoporous material has a mesopore volume fraction of greater than 50%, preferably greater than 80%, more preferably greater than 95% of the total pore volume.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the alkaline earth metal content is 0.1 at% to 3 at%, preferably 0.2 at% to 3 at%, in atomic percent; the carbon content is 80 at% to 95 at%, preferably 84 at% to 92 at%; the nickel content is 0.1 at% to 10 at%, preferably 1 at% to 8 at%; the oxygen content is 1 at% to 20 at%, preferably 5 at% to 12 at%.
According to the invention, the sum of the contents of the individual components in the nanocomposite material is 100 at%.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the graphitized carbon layer has a thickness of 0.3nm to 6.0nm, preferably 0.3nm to 3 nm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the core-shell structure is 1nm to 200nm, preferably 3nm to 100nm, more preferably 4nm to 50 nm.
According to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from one or more of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra).
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the synthesis method of the cyclohexanol compounds provided by the invention uses the carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite containing alkaline earth metal as the catalyst to carry out hydrogenation reduction on the phenol compounds, and the catalyst material is very stable, does not spontaneously combust, is resistant to oxidation and acid corrosion, has low risk and is suitable for storage and transportation, thereby ensuring the safety of the synthesis process of the cyclohexanol compounds.
The carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite containing alkaline earth metal shows good repeatability, high activity and high selectivity in the reaction of catalytically reducing a phenol compound into a cyclohexanol compound, and the nickel coated in the graphitized carbon layer has a penetration effect, so that the electronic state of the alkaline earth metal loaded on the surface of the graphitized carbon layer is influenced, and a synergistic effect is exerted, so that the nanocomposite has good catalytic performance; in addition, the nano composite material has stronger magnetism, and can be conveniently used for separating a catalyst by utilizing the magnetism or used for processes such as a magnetic stabilization bed and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the magnetic properties of the alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1;
FIG. 3 is an XRD pattern of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 1;
FIGS. 4a and 4b respectively show N of the alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 12Adsorption-desorption isotherms and BJH pore size distribution curves;
FIG. 5 is a TEM image of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 2;
FIG. 6 is an XRD pattern of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 2;
FIG. 7 is a BJH pore size distribution curve of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 2;
FIG. 8 is a TEM image of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 3;
FIG. 9 is an XRD pattern of an alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 3;
fig. 10 is a BJH pore size distribution curve of the alkaline earth metal-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite prepared in preparation example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments in conjunction with the attached drawings, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and do not limit the invention in any way.
In the present invention, anything or matters not mentioned is directly applicable to those known in the art without any change except those explicitly described. Moreover, any embodiment described herein may be freely combined with one or more other embodiments described herein, and the technical solutions or ideas thus formed are considered part of the original disclosure or original description of the present invention, and should not be considered as new matters not disclosed or contemplated herein, unless a person skilled in the art would consider such combination to be clearly unreasonable.
All features disclosed in this invention may be combined in any combination and such combinations are understood to be disclosed or described herein unless a person skilled in the art would consider such combinations to be clearly unreasonable. The numerical points disclosed in the present specification include not only the numerical points specifically disclosed in the examples but also the endpoints of each numerical range in the specification, and ranges in which any combination of the numerical points is disclosed or recited should be considered as ranges of the present invention.
Any terms not directly defined herein should be understood to have meanings associated with them as commonly understood in the art of the present invention. The following terms as used throughout this specification should be understood to have the following meanings unless otherwise indicated.
The invention provides a synthesis method of cyclohexanol compounds, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing a phenol compound to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkaline earth metal as a catalyst; the chemical reaction equation is illustrated below, where R represents one or more substituents on the phenyl ring or on cyclohexane:
Figure BDA0001954847540000051
the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkaline earth metal and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles.
In some embodiments, the benzene ring of the phenolic compound further comprises a substituent selected from C1-20One or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl.
In some embodiments, wherein the phenolic compound comprises, but is not limited to, phenol, 2, 6-dimethylphenol, 4-cyclopropylphenol, and the like.
In some embodiments, the amount of the catalyst is 1% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30% of the mass of the phenolic compound.
In some embodiments, the temperature in which the hydrogenation reduction reaction is carried out is generally in the range of 150 ℃ to 250 ℃.
In some embodiments, the pressure of the hydrogen gas therein is generally from 3MPa to 6 MPa.
In some embodiments, the catalyst is mixed with a phenol compound in a solvent and then subjected to a hydrogenation reduction reaction, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of alcohols, ethers, alkanes and water. Such as water, cyclohexane, and the like.
In some embodiments, the reaction time of the hydrogenation reduction reaction is 1h to 12 h.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the nanocomposite of the present invention is a composite material composed of a "graphitized carbon layer containing an alkaline earth metal and oxygen", a "nickel nanoparticle that is tightly coated with (not in contact with) the graphitized carbon layer", and a "nickel nanoparticle that can be in contact with and confined to the outside". The carbon material has catalytic activity, and the nickel coated in the graphitized carbon layer has penetration effect, so that the electronic state of alkaline earth metal loaded on the surface of the graphitized carbon layer is influenced, and the nano composite material plays a synergistic role, so that the nano composite material has better catalytic performance.
In some embodiments, wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having at least one mesopore distribution peak. That is, the nano composite material has at least one mesoporous distribution peak on a pore distribution curve obtained by calculating a desorption curve according to a Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method. As known to those skilled in the art, mesoporous materials generally have large specific surface areas and relatively regular channel structures, so that the mesoporous materials can play better roles in separation, adsorption and catalytic reactions of macromolecules and can be used as microreactors for limited-domain catalysis. The nano composite material has rich mesoporous structure, so that the nano composite material has higher mass transfer efficiency and more excellent catalytic performance.
In some embodiments, the batch-produced composite has two distribution peaks in the mesoporous range; if a plurality of batches of the composite material are mixed, more distribution peaks can be obtained in the mesoporous range. When the nano composite material has the multilevel mesoporous structure with different aperture ranges, the nano composite material can show more unique performance, and the applicable application range of the multilevel mesoporous structure is wider.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, in some embodiments, the mesoporous structure has one mesoporous distribution peak in mesoporous ranges of 2nm to 5nm and 6nm to 15nm, respectively.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, in some embodiments, the mesoporous structure has one mesoporous distribution peak in mesoporous ranges of 2nm to 7nm and 8nm to 20nm, respectively.
In some embodiments, the proportion of mesopore volume in the composite material to the total pore volume is greater than 50%, preferably greater than 80%, according to the nanocomposite material of the present invention. In some embodiments, the proportion of mesopore volume to the total pore volume is greater than 90%, and even 100%.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, in some embodiments, the mesoporous volume thereof may be 0.05cm3/g～1.25cm3Per g, also may be 0.10cm3/g～0.30cm3/g。
The nanocomposites according to the invention, in some embodiments, have specific surface areas generally greater than 140m2/g, may be greater than 200m2/g。
The nanocomposites according to the invention, which are not pyrophoric in air, can be stored in air.
According to the nanocomposite of the invention, in some embodiments, the carbon layer of the composite is doped with an oxygen element and not with a nitrogen element.
According to the nanocomposite material of the invention, in some embodiments, the carbon layer of the composite material is doped with only oxygen, and is not doped with other elements than hydrogen and oxygen.
In some embodiments, wherein the alkaline earth metal content is 0.1 at% to 3 at%, preferably 0.2 at% to 3 at%, as measured by XPS; the carbon content is 80 at% to 95 at%, preferably 84 at% to 92 at%; the nickel content is 0.1 at% to 10 at%, preferably 1 at% to 8 at%; the oxygen content is 1 at% to 20 at%, preferably 5 at% to 12 at%.
According to the invention, the sum of the contents of the individual components in the nanocomposite material is 100 at%.
According to the nanocomposite material of the present invention, the graphitized carbon layer is doped with oxygen. The oxygen content can be adjusted by additionally introducing an oxygen-containing compound, such as a polyol, during the manufacturing process. The catalytic performance of the graphitized carbon layer can be adjusted by adjusting the oxygen content in the nano composite material, so that the graphitized carbon layer is suitable for catalyzing different reactions. In some embodiments, the oxygen content in the nanocomposite is less than 15.0%, preferably 5% to 12%, by mass.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the graphitized carbon layer has a thickness of 0.3nm to 6.0nm, preferably 0.3nm to 3 nm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the particle size of the core-shell structure is 1nm to 200nm, preferably 3nm to 100nm, more preferably 4nm to 50 nm.
In some embodiments, wherein the alkaline earth metal is selected from one or more of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), and radium (Ra).
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nano composite material, which comprises the following steps:
putting nickel salt and polybasic organic carboxylic acid into a solvent to be mixed to form a homogeneous solution;
removing the solvent in the homogeneous solution to obtain a precursor;
carrying out primary pyrolysis on the precursor in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere;
contacting the product after the primary pyrolysis with a solution containing the alkaline earth metal, and then carrying out drying treatment; and the contact mode comprises the step of immersing the product after the primary pyrolysis in the alkaline earth metal solution, or the step of placing the product after the primary pyrolysis in the alkaline earth metal solution for stirring. The time for dipping or stirring is not suitable to be too long or too short, preferably between 10min and 300min, the temperature is preferably between 0 ℃ and 100 ℃, and the contact reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring. According to the invention, the product after primary pyrolysis can be filtered or not after being contacted with the solution containing alkaline earth metal, and then the obtained product is dried;
and putting the dried product in an inert atmosphere for secondary pyrolysis to obtain the carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite containing the alkaline earth metal.
Specifically, the precursor is a water-soluble mixture, which means that nickel salt and polybasic organic carboxylic acid are dissolved into a homogeneous solution in a solvent such as water and/or ethanol, and then the solvent is directly removed to obtain the nickel-containing precursor. The solvent may be removed by evaporation, and the temperature and process of evaporation of the solvent may be by any available art, for example, spray drying at 80 ℃ to 120 ℃ or drying in an oven.
In some embodiments, wherein the nickel salt is selected from one or more of an organic acid salt, a carbonate salt, and a basic carbonate salt of nickel, the organic acid salt of nickel is preferably an organic carboxylate salt of nickel that is free of heteroatoms, more preferably an acetate salt of the nickel that is free of heteroatoms, wherein the heteroatoms refer to metal atoms other than the nickel.
In some embodiments, wherein the poly-organic carboxylic acid is selected from one or more of citric acid, maleic acid, trimesic acid, terephthalic acid, malic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and dipicolinic acid. Wherein the mass ratio of the nickel salt to the polybasic organic carboxylic acid is 1: 0.1-10, preferably 1: 0.5-5, and more preferably 1: 0.8-3.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises mixing the nickel salt, the polybasic organic carboxylic acid and other organic compounds except the nickel salt and the polybasic organic carboxylic acid in a solvent such as water, ethanol and the like to form a homogeneous solution, and then removing the solvent to obtain the water-soluble mixture containing nickel. Such other organic compounds include, but are not limited to, organic polyols. In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the nickel salt, the polybasic organic carboxylic acid and the other organic compound is 1: 0.5-10: 0-10, preferably 1: 1-3: 0-3.
In some embodiments, wherein the primary pyrolysis comprises: heating the precursor to a constant temperature section in an inert atmosphere or a reducing atmosphere, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section;
wherein the heating rate is 0.5-30 ℃/min, preferably 1-10 ℃/min; the temperature of the constant temperature section is 400-800 ℃, and preferably 500-800 ℃; the constant temperature time is 20min to 600min, preferably 30min to 300 min; the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, and the reducing atmosphere is a mixed gas of an inert gas and hydrogen, for example, a small amount of hydrogen is doped in the inert atmosphere.
In some embodiments, the alkaline earth metal solution is a solution containing a salt of an alkaline earth metal and/or a base, for example, magnesium chloride (MgCl)2) Solution, magnesium nitrate (Mg (NO)3)2) Solution, calcium chloride (CaCl)2) Solution, calcium nitrate (Ca (NO)3)2) Solution, barium chloride (BaCl)2) Solutions, and the like. The mass ratio of the alkaline earth metal salt and/or alkali to the product after primary pyrolysis is 1: 1-100, preferably 1: 1.5 to 50, preferably 1: 1.5 to 20. When the amount of the alkaline earth metal-containing salt or base is too large, the catalytic performance of the finally formed nanocomposite is affected, and the activity is lowered.
In some embodiments, wherein the secondary pyrolysis comprises: under the inert atmosphere, heating the dried product to a constant temperature section, and keeping the constant temperature in the constant temperature section;
wherein the heating rate is 0.5-10 ℃/min, preferably 2.5-10 ℃/min; the temperature of the constant temperature section is 80-800 ℃, and preferably 300-600 ℃; the constant temperature time is 20 min-600 min; the inert atmosphere is nitrogen or argon.
The carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite is prepared by the method, a method of pyrolyzing a metal-organic framework compound (MOF) serving as a precursor is not adopted, the method needs to prepare a crystalline solid Material (MOF) with a periodic structure in a solvent at high temperature and high pressure, the condition for preparing MOFs is strict, the needed ligand is expensive, and the mass production is difficult; in addition, the composite material prepared by the method has imprecise cladding on the metal particles, and is remarkably different from the nano composite material in structure. The alkaline earth metal contained in the shell layer of the core-shell structure in the nano composite material can generate a synergistic effect with the core nickel nano particles, so that the catalytic performance is more excellent. The method for preparing the nano composite material is convenient for adjusting the oxygen content in the graphitized carbon layer in the preparation process, thereby conveniently adjusting the electronic characteristics of the nano composite material so as to be suitable for catalyzing different reactions.
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of specific embodiments in conjunction with the attached drawings, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and explanatory of the invention and do not limit the invention in any way.
Preparation example 1
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate and 10g of citric acid, adding the nickel acetate and the citric acid into a beaker containing 30m L of deionized water, stirring the mixture at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the homogeneous solution to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid precursor obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 100m L/min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel material.
(3) 2g of the material obtained in step (2) were weighed, 4ml of an aqueous solution containing 0.1528g of magnesium nitrate was added, and the mixture was immersed at room temperature for 24 hours, followed by drying at 120 ℃.
(4) And (3) placing the dried material obtained in the step (3) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 50m L/min, heating to 350 ℃ at the speed of 2.5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the magnesium-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite.
Characterization of the materials:
the atomic percentage of the elements contained in the nanocomposite material measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is as follows: the carbon content was 84.25 at%, the nickel content was 5.63 at%, the oxygen content was 9.21 at%, and the magnesium content was 0.91 at%.
As shown in fig. 1, the nanocomposite was placed in water as a suspension, a magnet was placed on the outside of the container, and after a period of time the nanocomposite was attracted to one side of the magnet, which was seen to be magnetic. TEM images of the nanocomposite. As shown in fig. 2, it can be seen that the outer layer of the nickel nanoparticle is wrapped with a graphitized carbon layer to form a complete core-shell structure. The X-ray diffraction pattern of this nanocomposite is shown in FIG. 3, and the XRD pattern of this material shows diffraction peaks (2. theta. angle 25.9 ℃) of graphite carbon and diffraction peaks (2. theta. angles 44.5 °, 51.7 ° and 76.4 ℃) of face-centered cubic (fcc) Ni. The average particle size of the carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles was calculated to be 12.3nm by the scherrer equation.
The BET test showed that the nanocomposite had a specific surface area of 152m2Per g, pore volume 0.32cm3Per g, wherein>The mesoporous volume of 2nm is 0.32cm3(ii) in terms of/g, representing 100% of the total pore volume. FIG. 4a is N of the nanocomposite2An adsorption-desorption isotherm is shown in fig. 4b, which is a BJH pore size distribution curve of the nanocomposite, and it can be seen that the composite has two mesopore distribution peaks at 3.8nm and 13.2 nm.
Preparation example 2
(1) 10g of nickel acetate and 20g of citric acid were weighed into a beaker containing 50m L of deionized water, stirred at 80 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heated and evaporated to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 150m L/min, heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel material.
(3) Weighing 2g of the carbon-coated nickel material obtained in the step (2), adding 4m of L aqueous solution containing 0.8589g of magnesium nitrate, soaking at room temperature for 24h, and drying the product at 120 ℃.
(4) And (3) placing the dried material obtained in the step (3) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 70m L/min, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the magnesium-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite.
Characterization of the materials:
the atomic percentage of the elements contained in the nanocomposite material measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is as follows: the carbon content was 84.47 at%, the nickel content was 1.68 at%, the oxygen content was 12.30 at%, and the magnesium content was 1.55 at%.
From the TEM image (fig. 5) of this material it can be seen that: the outer layer of the nickel nano-particles is wrapped with a graphitized carbon layer to form a complete core-shell structure. Fig. 6 shows an X-ray diffraction pattern of the nanocomposite material in which XRD patterns showed the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to carbon (2 θ angle of 25.6 °) and fcc Ni (2 θ angles of 44.4 °, 51.8 ° and 76.3 °), and the average particle diameter of the carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles was calculated to be 7.8nm by scherrer's equation.
The BET test shows that the specific surface area of the material is 143m2Per g, pore volume 0.33cm3Per g, wherein>Pore volume of 0.33cm at 2nm3(ii) in terms of/g, representing 100% of the total pore volume. Fig. 7 is a BJH pore size distribution curve of the nanocomposite, and it can be seen that the composite has two mesopore distribution peaks at 3.73nm and 11.68 nm.
Preparation example 3
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate and 10g of terephthalic acid, adding the nickel acetate and the terephthalic acid into 30m L deionized water, stirring at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (3) placing the solid precursor in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen at the flow rate of 100m L/min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the material containing the carbon-coated nickel.
(3) Weighing 2g of the carbon-coated nickel material obtained in the step (2), adding 4m of L aqueous solution containing 0.32g of magnesium nitrate, soaking at room temperature for 24h, and drying the product at 120 ℃.
(4) And (3) placing the dried material obtained in the step (3) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 100m L/min, heating to 400 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 1h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the magnesium-containing carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite.
Characterization of the materials:
the atomic percentage of the elements contained in the nanocomposite material measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is as follows: the carbon content is 88.78 at%; the nickel content was 4.56 at%, the oxygen content was 6.13 at%, and the magnesium content was 0.53 at%.
FIG. 8 TEM image of the nanocomposite, it can be seen that: the carbon-coated nickel-based composite material comprises a core-shell structure of carbon-coated nickel, a graphitized carbon layer is used as a shell, and nano metal nickel is used as a core. Fig. 9 is an XRD pattern of the nanocomposite, which shows the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to carbon (2 theta angle of 25.9 °) and fcc Ni (2 theta angles of 44.5 °, 51.7 ° and 76.4 °). The average particle size of the carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles was calculated to be 8.1nm by the scherrer equation.
The BET test shows that the specific surface area of the material is 172m2Per g, pore volume 0.286cm3Per g, wherein>Pore volume of 0.279cm at 2nm3In terms of/g, 97.6% of the total pore volume. Fig. 10 is a BJH pore size distribution curve of the nanocomposite, and it can be seen that there are two mesopore distribution peaks at 4.04nm and 19.19nm in the nanocomposite.
Comparative preparation example
(1) Weighing 10g of nickel acetate and 10g of citric acid, adding the nickel acetate and the citric acid into a beaker containing 30m L of deionized water, stirring the mixture at 70 ℃ to obtain a homogeneous solution, and continuously heating and evaporating the homogeneous solution to dryness to obtain a solid precursor.
(2) And (2) placing the solid obtained in the step (1) in a porcelain boat, then placing the porcelain boat in a constant temperature area of a tube furnace, introducing nitrogen with the flow rate of 100m L/min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2h, stopping heating, and cooling to room temperature in the nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the carbon-coated nickel nanocomposite.
Characterization of the materials:
the atomic percentage of the elements contained in the nanocomposite material measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is as follows: the carbon content was 88.26 at%, the nickel content was 5.4 at%, and the oxygen content was 6.36 at%.
The nanocomposite material had diffraction peaks (2 θ angles of 44.5 °, 51.7 °, and 76.4 °) corresponding to those of graphitic carbon (2 θ angle of 26 °) and Ni of face-centered cubic structure (fcc). The average particle size of the carbon-coated nickel nanoparticles was calculated to be 4.7nm by the scherrer equation. The BET test shows that the specific surface area of the composite material is 146m2Per g, pore volume 0.37cm3Per g, wherein>2nm mesoporeThe volume is 0.365cm3In terms of/g, 98.6% of the total pore volume.
Example 1
The composite material obtained in the preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for the reaction of preparing a target product, namely a cyclohexanol compound by hydrogenating a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 1.88g of phenol and 100m of L water into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After 3 times of replacement, the reaction kettle is charged with H2And (3) controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 6MPa, stirring and heating, heating to the preset reaction temperature of 150 ℃, stopping heating after the reaction is carried out for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, and opening the reaction kettle to take the product cyclohexanol for chromatographic analysis. The reactant conversion and the target product selectivity were calculated by the following formulas:
conversion-amount of reacted reaction mass/amount of added reaction × 100%
The selectivity is × 100% based on the mass of the target product/mass of the reaction product
After analysis, the phenol conversion was 100% and the cyclohexanol selectivity was 97.2%.
When the reaction proceeded for 300s, a sample was taken and subjected to chromatography to calculate the conversion of the reactant, and TOF of the catalyst was found to be 6.01 × 10 by the formula TOF (amount of reacted reactant species)/((amount of catalyst active metal species) × 300s)-3s-1。
Example 2
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.33g of phenol and 30m of L water into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2And (3) controlling the pressure in the reaction kettle to be 3MPa, stirring and heating, heating to the preset reaction temperature of 180 ℃, stopping heating after continuously reacting for 8 hours, reducing the temperature to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, and taking out the product cyclohexanol for chromatographic analysis. The conversion rate of reactants, the selectivity of products and the TOF of reaction for 600s were respectively calculated by the formula shown in example 1 to obtain 100% conversion rate of phenol and cyclohexanol concentrationSelectivity 99.5%, TOF 5.95 × 10-3s-1。
Example 3
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
0.1g of the nanocomposite, 0.52g of phenol and 50m of L water were added to a reaction vessel, and H was passed through2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2Making the pressure in the reaction kettle be 1MPa, stirring and heating, heating to 250 deg.C, continuously making reaction for 10 hr, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening reaction kettle and taking out cyclohexanol product to make chromatographic analysis, and respectively calculating reactant conversion rate, product selectivity and TOF when the reaction is proceeded for 600s by using formula shown in example 1 to obtain phenol conversion rate of 100%, cyclohexanol selectivity of 98.9% and TOF of 5.46 × 10-3s-1。
Example 4
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
0.2g of the nanocomposite, 0.66g of phenol and 50m of L m of cyclohexane were added to a reaction vessel, and H was passed through2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2Making the pressure in the reaction kettle be 3MPa, stirring and heating, heating to preset reaction temperature of 180 deg.C, continuously making reaction for 8 hr, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening reaction kettle and taking out cyclohexanol product to make chromatographic analysis, and respectively calculating reactant conversion rate, product selectivity and TOF by using formula shown in example 1 to obtain phenol conversion rate of 100%, cyclohexanol selectivity of 99.0% and TOF of 5.64 × 10-3s-1。
Example 5
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.40g of 4-cyclopropylphenol and 30m of L m of water into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2Make the reaction proceedThe pressure in the kettle is 3MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to the preset reaction temperature of 180 ℃, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 10 hours, the pressure is discharged after the temperature is reduced to the room temperature, the reaction kettle is opened, the product 4-cyclopropylcyclohexanol is taken out for chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of the reactant, the selectivity of the product and the TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in the example 1, and the conversion rate of the 4-cyclopropylphenol is 100 percent, the selectivity of the 4-cyclopropylcyclohexanol is 98.2 percent, and the TOF is 4.87 × 10-3s-1。
Example 6
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 1 is used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
0.1g of the nanocomposite, 0.37g of 2, 6-dimethylphenol and 30m of L m of water are added into a reaction kettle, and H is introduced2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2The pressure in a reaction kettle is controlled to be 3MPa, the temperature is raised by stirring, the temperature is raised to be 180 ℃ at a preset reaction temperature, the heating is stopped after the reaction is continued for 10 hours, the temperature is reduced to room temperature, the pressure is discharged, the reaction kettle is opened, the product 2, 6-dimethylcyclohexanol is taken out for chromatographic analysis, the conversion rate of a reactant, the selectivity of the product and TOF are respectively calculated by the formula shown in example 1, and the conversion rate of the 2, 6-dimethylphenol is 100 percent, the selectivity of the 2, 6-dimethylcyclohexanol is 99.7 percent, and the TOF is 7.10 × 10-3s-1。
Example 7
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 2 is used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.33g of phenol and 30m of L water into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2Making the pressure in the reaction kettle be 3MPa, stirring and heating, heating to preset reaction temperature of 180 deg.C, continuously making reaction for 10 hr, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening reaction kettle and taking out cyclohexanol product to make chromatographic analysis, and respectively calculating reactant conversion rate, product selectivity and TOF by using the formula shown in example 1 to obtain phenol conversion rate of 100%, cyclohexanol selectivity of 99.6% and TOF of 5.56 × 10-3s-1。
Example 8
The nano composite material prepared in preparation example 3 is used as a catalyst for a hydrogenation reduction reaction of a phenol compound, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
adding 0.1g of nano composite material, 0.33g of phenol and 30m of L water into a reaction kettle, and introducing H2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2Making the pressure in the reaction kettle be 3MPa, stirring and heating, heating to preset reaction temperature of 180 deg.C, continuously making reaction for 10 hr, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening reaction kettle and taking out cyclohexanol product to make chromatographic analysis, and respectively calculating reactant conversion rate, product selectivity and TOF by using the formula shown in example 1 to obtain phenol conversion rate of 100%, cyclohexanol selectivity of 99.3% and TOF of 5.42 × 10-3s-1。
Comparative example
The nano composite material prepared by the comparative preparation example is used for the hydrogenation reduction reaction of the phenol compound as a catalyst, and the specific experimental steps are as follows:
0.1g of the nanocomposite, 1.88g of phenol and 100m of L g of water were added to a reaction vessel, and H was introduced2After replacing the reaction kettle for 3 times, introducing H again2Making the pressure in the reaction kettle be 6MPa, stirring and heating, heating to a preset reaction temperature of 150 deg.C, continuously reacting for 10 hr, stopping heating, cooling to room temperature, discharging pressure, opening the reaction kettle, taking out cyclohexanol product, and making chromatographic analysis, and respectively calculating reactant conversion rate, product selectivity and TOF by using formula shown in example 1 to obtain phenol conversion rate of 100%, cyclohexanol selectivity of 95.3% and TOF of 4.13 × 10-3s-1。
It can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples that the nanocomposite of the present invention has a good catalytic effect when used as a catalyst for catalyzing a catalytic hydrogenation reaction of a phenol compound, and compared with a catalyst containing no alkaline earth metal, the nanocomposite containing carbon coated nickel containing an alkaline earth metal not only enables the catalytic reaction to have a high conversion rate and a high product selectivity, but also has a higher catalytic reaction rate and a better catalytic performance.
It should be noted by those skilled in the art that the described embodiments of the present invention are merely exemplary and that various other substitutions, alterations, and modifications may be made within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is only limited by the claims.

Claims (12)

1. A method for synthesizing cyclohexanol compounds comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of (1) catalyzing a phenol compound to carry out hydrogenation reduction reaction in a hydrogen atmosphere by taking a carbon-coated nickel nano composite material containing alkaline earth metal as a catalyst;
the nano composite material comprises a core-shell structure with a shell layer and an inner core, wherein the shell layer is a graphitized carbon layer containing alkaline earth metal and oxygen, and the inner core is nickel nano particles.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the phenolic compound further comprises a substituent on the benzene ring, wherein the substituent is selected from C1-20One or more of alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl.
3. The synthesis method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the phenolic compound is selected from one or more of phenol, 2, 6-dimethylphenol and 4-cyclopropylphenol.
4. The synthesis process according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst is used in an amount of 1% to 50%, preferably 5% to 30%, based on the mass of the phenolic compound.
5. The synthesis process of claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hydrogenation reduction reaction is from 150 ℃ to 250 ℃.
6. The synthesis process according to claim 1, wherein the pressure of the hydrogen is from 3MPa to 6 MPa.
7. The synthesis method according to claim 1, wherein the catalyst and the phenol compound are mixed in a solvent and then subjected to hydrogenation reduction reaction, wherein the solvent is selected from one or more of alcohols, ethers, alkanes and water.
8. The method of synthesizing according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having at least one mesopore distribution peak.
9. The method of synthesizing as defined in claim 8 wherein the nanocomposite is a mesoporous material having two or more mesopore distribution peaks.
10. The method of synthesis according to claim 8, wherein the mesoporous material has a proportion of mesopore volume of more than 50%, preferably more than 80%, of the total pore volume.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal comprises 0.1 at% to 3 at%, carbon comprises 80 at% to 95 at%, nickel comprises 0.1 at% to 10 at%, and oxygen comprises 1 at% to 20 at%, in terms of atomic percentage.
12. The method of synthesis according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the alkaline earth metal being selected from one or more of beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium.
CN201910063231.XA 2019-01-23 2019-01-23 Synthesis method of cyclohexanol compound Pending CN111470949A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113336624A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-03 东北石油大学 Selective hydrogenation method for phenol on Ni-based catalyst
CN113336626A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-03 东北石油大学 Method for selective hydrogenation of phenol on B modified NiCo catalyst

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CN102791668A (en) * 2009-12-18 2012-11-21 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 Catalysed phenol hydrogenation
CN104447209A (en) * 2014-11-19 2015-03-25 浙江大学 Method for preparing cyclohexanol by catalyzing by base metal catalyst

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GB1142402A (en) * 1965-11-05 1969-02-05 Gulf Research Development Co Process for dehydrogenating oxygenated hydroaromatics
CN102791668A (en) * 2009-12-18 2012-11-21 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 Catalysed phenol hydrogenation
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113336624A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-03 东北石油大学 Selective hydrogenation method for phenol on Ni-based catalyst
CN113336626A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-09-03 东北石油大学 Method for selective hydrogenation of phenol on B modified NiCo catalyst
CN113336626B (en) * 2021-06-16 2023-08-18 东北石油大学 Phenol selective hydrogenation method on B modified NiCo catalyst
CN113336624B (en) * 2021-06-16 2023-08-18 东北石油大学 Method for selectively hydrogenating phenol on Ni-based catalyst

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