CN111470920A - Dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111470920A CN111470920A CN202010265415.7A CN202010265415A CN111470920A CN 111470920 A CN111470920 A CN 111470920A CN 202010265415 A CN202010265415 A CN 202010265415A CN 111470920 A CN111470920 A CN 111470920A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C3/00—Fertilisers containing other salts of ammonia or ammonia itself, e.g. gas liquor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer and a preparation process thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers. The granular fertilizer is prepared from a dispersing agent and a powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer according to the weight ratio of (10-25): (75-90) by weight; wherein the dispersant is prepared by mixing zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate and alkyl sulfonate after crushing pretreatment. The dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer prepared by the invention can avoid environmental pollution and nutrient loss caused by the powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer drifting along with wind during application, is beneficial to mechanical fertilization, improves the production efficiency, reduces the labor cost, supplements nutrient elements required by plant growth, improves the crop yield and improves the quality of agricultural products, and the preparation process has the characteristics of short flow, less investment and good product effect, and is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, and particularly relates to a dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer and a preparation process thereof.
Background
At present, the silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer on the market is prepared by taking potassium feldspar, dolomite, an auxiliary agent and the like as main raw materials and melting at high temperature, is a citrate soluble fertilizer, is insoluble in water, has low mobility in soil, can be fully contacted with plant roots only by applying the citrate soluble fertilizer in a fine powder state treated to be more than 80 meshes, is decomposed by weak acid secreted by the plant roots, and then nutrient elements of the citrate soluble fertilizer are absorbed by the plants to promote the growth of the plants. However, the product particles are very fine, so that mechanical fertilization cannot be performed, the spreading is scattered along with wind, the loss is large, the environment is polluted, the labor intensity is high, the application can be facilitated only by processing the product into a particle type product, and the silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer can form very hard particles after granulation, is more difficult to dissolve in water and cannot be absorbed by plants.
Therefore, a material which can ensure that the fine powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer has certain strength after being granulated, is convenient to store and transport, and can ensure that the granular silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer can be rapidly dispersed when being applied to soil and meeting moisture needs to be selected, the granular fertilizer is convenient for mechanical fertilization, the fertilizer loss and the environmental pollution are reduced, the labor intensity is reduced, the labor efficiency is improved, and the technical problem to be solved by technical personnel in the field is needed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provide a dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer, which is convenient for mechanical fertilization, reduces fertilizer loss and environmental pollution, is cheap and easily available, and contains nutrient elements required for plant growth.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dispersing type silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer is mainly prepared from a dispersing agent and a powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer according to the weight ratio of (10-25): (75-90) by weight; wherein the dispersing agent is prepared from zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate and alkyl sulfonate according to the proportion of (10-20): (8-15): (10-20): (8-20): (10-30): (10-25) by weight ratio, respectively grinding, pretreating and mixing.
Preferably, the humate is at least one of potassium humate, magnesium humate and calcium humate.
Preferably, the alkyl sulfonate is dodecyl sulfonate or pentadecyl sulfonate; and the alkyl sulfonate is at least one of potassium alkyl sulfonate, calcium alkyl sulfonate and magnesium alkyl sulfonate.
Preferably, the granularity of the zeolite, the activated carbon, the ammonium sulfate, the humate, the papermaking liquid precipitate, the alkyl sulfonate and the powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer after crushing pretreatment is 80-120 meshes.
The invention takes porous substances with large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity and materials containing a large amount of organic matters and nutrient elements of carbon, nitrogen, potassium, sulfur and magnesium (or calcium) as raw materials, and the raw materials are mixed with the silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer in a fine powder form according to a certain proportion, granulated, dried, cooled and screened in granularity to prepare the granular silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer which can be dispersed in water or moisture absorption. The prepared dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer granular fertilizer can avoid environmental pollution and nutrient loss caused by the fact that the powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer drifts with wind when being applied, is beneficial to mechanical fertilization, improves production efficiency, reduces labor cost, simultaneously supplements organic matters and plant nutrient elements such as nitrogen, potassium, magnesium (or calcium), sulfur and the like, has various effective components, improves the total nutrient content of the product, can obviously improve soil conditions, improves crop yield and improves the quality of agricultural products.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation process of the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer, which has the advantages of simple and convenient operation and low processing cost and is suitable for popularization and application in the market.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a preparation process of a dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate, alkyl sulfonate and powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer according to the formula ratio for later use;
(2) respectively crushing the zeolite, the activated carbon, the ammonium sulfate, the humate, the papermaking liquid precipitate and the alkyl sulfonate weighed in the step (1), and then mixing to obtain a dispersing agent for later use;
(3) mixing the dispersing agent obtained in the step (2) with the powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer which is weighed in the step (1) and is subjected to crushing pretreatment, granulating and drying to obtain a dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer;
(4) and (4) cooling and screening the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer obtained in the step (3) to obtain fertilizers with different particle sizes, and then packaging and sealing to obtain the water-or moisture-absorbing dispersible silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step (2), the granularity of the zeolite, the activated carbon, the ammonium sulfate, the humate, the papermaking liquid precipitate, the alkyl sulfonate and the powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer after crushing pretreatment is 80-120 meshes.
Wherein the granularity of the materials after the crushing pretreatment is set to be consistent, so that the uniformity of material mixing is ensured; the granularity is set to 80-120 meshes, so that if the granularity is too small, the power consumption is increased, and the product cost is increased; if the particle size is too large, fertilizer particles are difficult to fully contact with the roots of plants, and the fertilizer particles can not be completely absorbed by crops in the season, so that the fertilizer particles are washed away by rainwater and run off.
Preferably, in the step (3), the drying temperature is 70-95 ℃, and the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer is dried until the moisture content is below 2%.
It is worth to say that, the drying temperature is too high, the load of the hot blast stove is increased, and the investment is increased; if the drying temperature is too low, the requirements of drying effect and moisture index are difficult to achieve; and the requirement of the moisture content of the dried granulated fertilizer to be less than 2 percent is the requirement of the national standard of the reference compound fertilizer on the moisture content.
Preferably, in the step (4), the particle size of the screened dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer is 2-6 mm, so that mechanical fertilization is facilitated.
Further preferably, in the step (4), the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer is cooled to below 40 ℃. Below the temperature, the packaging of the plastic woven bags and the plastic films is facilitated, and the plastic woven bags are easy to burn through and deform and the products are easy to agglomerate due to overhigh temperature.
In addition, the invention discloses the raw material optimization and the action principle of the technical scheme as follows:
the dispersion type silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer is prepared by mixing zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate and alkyl sulfonate serving as raw materials according to a weight ratio to serve as a dispersing agent, stirring and mixing the raw materials and the silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer according to the weight ratio, and granulating. Among them, as an alternative raw material of the dispersant, a poorly soluble silicon calcium magnesium potassium granular fertilizer can be dispersed in water or after absorbing moisture and absorbed and utilized by plants by a combination of the following routes.
The first way is as follows: the zeolite and the active carbon are porous substances and can absorb a large amount of moisture in the environment;
and (2) a second way: ammonium sulfate is a substance which is very easy to dissolve in water, and is instantly dissolved when meeting moisture absorbed by zeolite and activated carbon, and ammonium ions and sulfate ions are dissociated in the dissolving process and enter the environment, so that silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium particles become a framework, and granular silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium is gradually dispersed;
and (3) a third way: when humate, papermaking liquid sediment and alkyl sulfonate meet zeolite and activated carbon-absorbed moisture, expansion occurs, and the dispersion of granular silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium is accelerated in the expansion process.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention provides the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer and the preparation process thereof, and the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer has the following excellent effects:
(1) the invention takes porous substances with large specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity and materials containing a large amount of organic matters and nutrient elements of carbon, nitrogen, potassium, sulfur and magnesium (or calcium) as raw materials, the raw materials are respectively crushed and pretreated and then mixed to obtain a dispersing agent, and then the dispersing agent is added into a powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer to be granulated to obtain the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer.
(2) The preparation method has the advantages of simple preparation process, convenient operation, no need of complex equipment, energy consumption saving, environmental pollution reduction, energy-saving production and green manufacture. Meanwhile, the invention also increases the effective components of the product, supplements a large amount of organic matters, can obviously improve the air permeability of the soil, improves the soil condition and improves the yield and the quality of crops.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of the dispersion type silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer which is convenient for mechanical fertilization and can increase multiple nutrient elements required by plant growth and a preparation process thereof.
The present invention will be further specifically illustrated by the following examples for better understanding, but the present invention is not to be construed as being limited thereto, and certain insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the invention by those skilled in the art based on the foregoing disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The preparation process of the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer provided by the embodiment 1 of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively carrying out crushing pretreatment on zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate, alkyl sulfonate and silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer, and controlling the particle sizes of the crushed pretreated zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate, alkyl sulfonate and silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer to be 80 meshes;
(2) respectively crushing and pretreating the crushed and pretreated zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate and alkyl sulfonate, and then mixing the crushed and pretreated zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate and alkyl sulfonate according to a weight ratio of 12: 15: 15: 18: 25: 15, mixing to obtain a dispersing agent;
(3) weighing a dispersing agent and the pulverized and pretreated powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer according to the weight ratio of 10:90, and stirring and mixing to obtain mixed powder;
(4) placing the mixed powder into a granulator for granulation to obtain a granular mixture;
(5) drying the granular mixture in a dryer at the drying temperature of 70 ℃ until the moisture content is below 2 percent to obtain a dry dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer;
(6) cooling the dried dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer to below 40 ℃, and performing particle size screening to obtain the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer;
(8) and respectively packaging and sealing the screened dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer to obtain a finished product of the granular silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer which can be dispersed in water or moisture absorption.
In this embodiment 1, zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquor precipitate, and alkyl sulfonate are used as the dispersant; and the particle diameter of the screened granular mixture is 2mm, and the screened dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer is packaged and sealed by 10 kg/bag to obtain a finished product.
Examples 2 to 5 disclose the preparation process of the dispersed si-ca-mg-k granulated fertilizer provided in example 1, which has different process parameters as shown in the following table 1:
table 1 preparation process parameters in examples 2 to 5
To further verify that the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer prepared by the invention has excellent technical effects compared with the powdery SiCaMgK fertilizer, the inventor also carries out the following technical performance and application comparative measurement experiments, and the results of the comparative data are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 examples 1 to 5 disclose technical performance measurements and application experiment comparison data of the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer and the powdered SiCaMgK fertilizer
In conclusion, by comparing the technical performance of the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer prepared by the invention with that of the powdery SiCaMgK fertilizer, the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer has certain strength so as to be convenient for fertilizer storage and transportation, and has better dispersion rate and shorter disintegration and dispersion time in case of moisture, wherein the granule strength is a technical index for the granulated fertilizer, and the dispersion time and the dispersion rate are time and degree for the granulated fertilizer to disintegrate into powder from a granule state in water, so that the granulated fertilizer is beneficial to mechanical fertilization, can effectively avoid the problems of environmental pollution, nutrient loss and the like caused by the dispersion of the powdery SiCaMgK fertilizer along with wind during application, reduces the labor intensity and improves the labor efficiency;
in addition, the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer has more comprehensive plant nutrient components, is more favorable for exerting the synergistic effect among various nutrients, better promotes the growth of plants, can improve the soil condition and improves the yield and the quality of crops.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granular fertilizer is characterized by mainly comprising a dispersing agent and a powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer according to the weight ratio of (10-25): (75-90) by weight; wherein the dispersing agent is prepared from zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate and alkyl sulfonate according to the proportion of (10-20): (8-15): (10-20): (8-20): (10-30): (10-25) by weight ratio, respectively grinding, pretreating and mixing.
2. A dispersed potassium silico-calcium-magnesium granular fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that said humate is at least one of potassium humate, magnesium humate and calcium humate.
3. A dispersed granulated fertilizer of silico-calcium-magnesium-potassium as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said alkyl sulfonate is dodecyl sulfonate or pentadecyl sulfonate; and the alkyl sulfonate is at least one of potassium alkyl sulfonate, calcium alkyl sulfonate and magnesium alkyl sulfonate.
4. The dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the granularity of the zeolite, the activated carbon, the ammonium sulfate, the humate, the papermaking liquid precipitate, the alkyl sulfonate and the powdery SiCaMgK fertilizer after crushing pretreatment is 80-120 meshes.
5. A preparation process of the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate, alkyl sulfonate and powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer according to the formula ratio for later use;
(2) respectively crushing the zeolite, the activated carbon, the ammonium sulfate, the humate, the papermaking liquid precipitate and the alkyl sulfonate weighed in the step (1), and then mixing to obtain a dispersing agent for later use;
(3) mixing the dispersing agent obtained in the step (2) with the powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer which is weighed in the step (1) and is subjected to crushing pretreatment, granulating and drying to obtain a dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer;
(4) and (4) cooling and screening the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer obtained in the step (3) to obtain fertilizers with different particle sizes, and then packaging and sealing to obtain the water-or moisture-absorbing dispersible silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer.
6. The preparation process of the dispersed silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium granulated fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the granularity of the crushed and pretreated zeolite, activated carbon, ammonium sulfate, humate, papermaking liquid precipitate, alkyl sulfonate and powdery silicon-calcium-magnesium-potassium fertilizer is 80-120 meshes.
7. The process for preparing the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the drying temperature is 70-95 ℃, and the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer is dried until the moisture content is below 2%.
8. The preparation process of the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer according to claim 5, wherein in the step (4), the dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer is cooled to below 40 ℃, and the particle size of the screened dispersed SiCaMgK granulated fertilizer is 2-6 mm.
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2020
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| KR20140019992A (en) * | 2012-08-07 | 2014-02-18 | 효성오앤비 주식회사 | Organic fertilizer containing antifungal valuable microbes as effective ingredient and its preparation method |
| CN105523868A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-04-27 | 陈金虎 | Silicone, calcium and carbon ternary compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN106220338A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-14 | 天津水泥工业设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of pelletize disintegrating agent for producing rounded grain mineral fertilizer |
| CN110372419A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-10-25 | 山东和生海洋科技有限公司 | Blend ammonium magnesium phosphate particle and preparation method thereof that is not stratified and meeting water disintegratable |
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