CN111466271A - Chenopodium quinoa and soybean interplanting planting method - Google Patents
Chenopodium quinoa and soybean interplanting planting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a quinoa and soybean interplanting planting method, which relates to the technical field of interplanting, and comprises the following steps: land preparation: ploughing, and applying a base fertilizer and a microbial agent mixture after ploughing; seed selection, seed dressing and sowing: the seeding density is 2-3 seeds per hole of the soybeans, and the seeding quantity of the quinoa is 250-350 g/mu; thinning and filling seedlings; controlling diseases, pests and weeds; after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting. In the invention, soybeans and quinoa are interplanted, so that the nutrient utilization rate of the same land can be improved, the quinoa plant leaves and nutrient bodies are mainly concentrated in a space range of 1.2-1.8 meters away from the ground, and the lower leaves are sparse; the plant height of the whole soybean plant is not more than 0.8 m, ventilation and air permeability are not influenced by intercropping of the quinoa and the soybeans, and the three-dimensional space can be effectively utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interplanting, in particular to a quinoa and soybean interplanting planting method.
Background
Soybeans contain rich plant proteins and various mineral elements, and people increasingly advocate the concept of food therapy along with the development of medical science. The nutritional value of soybean as a grain is being re-recognized by the development of nutrition, so soybean consumption is also increasing. Quinoa is considered as the most nutritious food by the food and agriculture organization of the united nations. Quinoa is rich in sugar, protein, amino acid and mineral substances necessary for maintaining human body life activities, and also contains a large amount of glucoside and flavone which can improve intestinal tract motility activity cellulose and are beneficial to improving body health state. Therefore, the quinoa can be used as grain capable of replacing rice, and can reduce blood fat of human body and improve gastrointestinal function after being eaten frequently. In addition, the quinoa can be planted in cold and arid regions, and because part of cultivated land in China is in the cold and arid regions, the quinoa planting has very important significance for agricultural development in China.
However, the per capita cultivated land area in China is small, so the land utilization rate needs to be improved to solve the problem of small per capita cultivated land area. Quinoa has a great demand for nitrogen during growth. The soybeans and the chenopodium quinoa are planted in spring end and harvested in autumn end, the growth processes of the soybeans and the chenopodium quinoa are basically consistent, and the soybeans and the chenopodium quinoa are both annual herbaceous plants, so that the soybeans and the chenopodium quinoa are planted together and have certain benefits. For example, soybeans have rhizobia, which, under the biological action of rhizobia, increase the nitrogen content in soil, and these nitrogen contents can also provide growth benefits to quinoa. Moreover, as the soybeans and the quinoa have different key requirements on nutrient elements, the interplanting is developed on the same land, so that the land utilization rate can be improved, the utilization of the nutrient elements in the land can be improved, and the excessive fertilization is avoided. However, no reports of related technologies for interplanting quinoa and soybeans exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a chenopodium quinoa and soybean interplanting method to solve the problems in the background technology.
A chenopodium quinoa and soybean interplanting planting method comprises the following steps:
step one, soil preparation: plowing, rotary tillage depth of 30-40cm, once pressing, ensuring flat ground, and no soil, straw and weed. Finally, applying a base fertilizer and a microbial agent mixture, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 120-150 kg/mu, and the using amount of the microbial agent is 3-5 kg/mu;
step two, seed selection, seed dressing and sowing: sowing 300g of quinoa and 600g of fried millet together per mu, and performing drill sowing by using a small-sized millet precision sowing machine, wherein the sowing depth is 1-2cm, the row spacing is 50-60cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm; 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole of the soybeans, the row spacing of the planted soybeans is 35-40cm, the row spacing of the planted adjacent soybeans and quinoa is 15-20cm, and the hole spacing of the soybeans is 15-20 cm;
step three, thinning and replanting: thinning is carried out when the quinoa grows to 9-14cm, and the seedling quantity per mu of the quinoa is 4000-6000 strains after thinning; when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings;
fourthly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds, namely, preparing phoxim emulsion with the mass fraction of 10% in 6-7 months, carrying out root system drip irrigation on the quinoa and the soybeans, adopting 7-10L emulsion per mu for two times at intervals of 10 days, and deeply penetrating 4-6cm underground when the tank is dripped, adopting 0.1-0.5% of trichlorfon mixed with water for carrying out leaf surface spraying in 7-8 months, spraying 30-35L aqueous solution per mu, applying 0.1% of berbamlin solution, and sprinkling 30-50L solution per mu for carrying out root system sprinkling irrigation on the quinoa, wherein the spraying time interval of the trichlorfon and the berbamlin is 7-10 days;
and step five, after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
As a preferable scheme, the base fertilizer in the first step is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20-50 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 15-20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate.
Preferably, the microbial agent in the first step is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphate solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to the mass ratio of 1:1:10-15:10-15:2-2.5:0.5-0.8:0.5-0.8: 0.5-0.8.
Preferably, the seed selection in the second step includes purity of 95% or more and germination percentage of 90% or more.
As a preferable scheme, when the chenopodium quinoa is sowed in the second step, stir-fried millet is adopted for seed dressing, and the mass ratio of the stir-fried millet to the chenopodium quinoa is 2: 1.
As a preferred scheme, the spraying amount of the boron fertilizer, the molybdenum fertilizer and the zinc fertilizer in the fifth step is 10-15L/mu, and the weather of sunny days and rainy days is selected.
As a preferable scheme, in the fifth step, the boron fertilizer is boric acid solution with the mass fraction of 0.1-0.5%, the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate solution with the mass fraction of 0.02-0.05%, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate solution with the mass fraction of 0.05-0.2%.
As a preferable scheme, in the fifth step, the potassium fertilizer is 0.1-0.2% by mass of potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and 100-110L is sprayed on each mu of land.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, soybeans and quinoa are interplanted, so that the nutrient utilization rate of the same land can be improved, excessive fertilization of the land can be avoided, and the soil environment can be effectively protected; the plant height of the whole soybean plant is not more than 0.8 m, ventilation and air permeability are not influenced by intercropping of the quinoa and the soybeans, and the method is effective utilization of a stereoscopic space.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Land preparation: ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, placing the ploughed land under the sunlight for insolation for 2-3 days, then irrigating until the surface layer of the soil is obviously accumulated with water, then airing for 2-3 days, and finally applying a base fertilizer and microbial agent mixture, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 120 kg/mu, and the using amount of the microbial agent is 3 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 15 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of ferrous sulfate and 2 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the microbial agent is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to the mass ratio of 1:1:10: 2:0.5:0.5: 0.5;
selecting soybeans and chenopodium quinoa seeds with the purity of more than or equal to 95% and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90%, wherein the chenopodium quinoa seeds are mixed with cooked foxtail millet and chenopodium quinoa seeds according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the seeding density is 2-3 seeds per hole of the soybeans, the soybean planting row spacing is 35CM, the row spacing of adjacent soybeans and chenopodium quinoa planting is 15CM, the soybean hole spacing is 15CM, the chenopodium quinoa seeding amount is 250 g/mu, a film-coated film side seeding technology is generally adopted during seeding, water and soil moisture are preserved, an 80CM mulching film is adopted, the actual ridge width is 60CM, and the film distance can be adjusted according to the row number of the planted soybeans. Quinoa is planted on two sides of the ridge surface, and the row spacing of the quinoa is about 55-60cm between the soybean seeds and the ridges;
thinning and replanting: when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings; thinning when the quinoa grows to 9cm, and keeping the seedling quantity per mu of the quinoa to be 4500 plants after thinning;
controlling pests and weeds, namely performing root drip irrigation on soybeans and chenopodium quinoa by using 10% phoxim emulsion in percentage by mass in 5-6 months, adopting 7L emulsion per mu twice at intervals of 10 days, and deeply penetrating 4-6cm underground when the emulsion is dripped, spraying dipterex with 0.1% by mass into leaves in 6-7 months by adding water, spraying 30L aqueous solution per mu, then applying 0.1% by mass of a root-protecting solution, and performing root spray irrigation on the chenopodium quinoa by using 30L solution per mu, wherein the spraying time interval of the dipterex and the root-protecting solution is 7 days;
after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
Example two
Land preparation: ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, placing the ploughed land under the sunlight for insolation for 2-3 days, then irrigating until the surface layer of the soil is obviously accumulated with water, then airing for 2-3 days, and finally applying a base fertilizer and microbial agent mixture, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 150 kg/mu, and the using amount of the microbial agent is 5 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 50 parts of urea, 15 parts of plant ash, 30 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 3 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the microbial agent is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to the mass ratio of 1:1:15: 2.5:0.8:0.8: 0.8;
selecting soybeans and chenopodium quinoa seeds with the purity of more than or equal to 95% and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90%, wherein the chenopodium quinoa seeds are mixed with cooked foxtail millet and chenopodium quinoa seeds according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the seeding density is 2-3 seeds per hole of the soybeans, the soybean planting row spacing is 40CM, the row spacing of adjacent soybeans and chenopodium quinoa seeds is 15CM, the soybean hole spacing is 20CM, the chenopodium quinoa seeding amount is 350 g/mu, a film-coated film side seeding technology is generally adopted during seeding, water and soil moisture are preserved, an 80CM mulching film is adopted, the actual ridge width is 60CM, and the film distance can be adjusted according to the row number of the planted soybeans. Quinoa is planted on two sides of the ridge surface, and the row spacing of the quinoa is about 55-60cm between the soybean seeds and the ridges;
thinning and replanting: when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings; thinning when the quinoa grows to 14cm, and keeping the seedling quantity per mu of the quinoa to be 4500 plants after thinning;
controlling pests and weeds, namely performing root drip irrigation on soybeans and chenopodium quinoa by using 10% phoxim emulsion prepared in percentage by mass in 5-6 months, adopting 10L emulsion per mu twice at intervals of 10 days, and deeply penetrating 4-6cm underground when the emulsion is dripped, spraying dipterex mixed water with the percentage by mass of 0.5% on leaf surfaces in 6-7 months, spraying 35L aqueous solution per mu, then applying 0.1% of root-protecting solution, and performing root spray irrigation on the chenopodium quinoa by using 50L solution per mu, wherein the interval between the dipterex and the root-protecting solution is 10 days;
after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
EXAMPLE III
Land preparation: ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, placing the ploughed land under the sunlight for insolation for 2-3 days, then irrigating until the surface layer of the soil is obviously accumulated with water, then airing for 2-3 days, and finally applying a base fertilizer and microbial agent mixture, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 125 kg/mu, and the using amount of the microbial agent is 4 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 30 parts of urea, 11 parts of plant ash, 22 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 16 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate and 2 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the microbial agent is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to the mass ratio of 1:1:11: 2.1:0.6:0.6: 0.65;
selecting soybeans and chenopodium quinoa seeds with the purity of more than or equal to 95% and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90%, wherein the chenopodium quinoa seeds are mixed with cooked foxtail millet and chenopodium quinoa seeds according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the seeding density is 2-3 seeds per hole of the soybeans, the soybean planting row spacing is 38CM, the row spacing of adjacent soybeans and chenopodium quinoa planting is 12CM, the soybean hole spacing is 16CM, the chenopodium quinoa seeding amount is 270 g/mu, a film-coated film side seeding technology is generally adopted during seeding, water and soil moisture are preserved, an 80CM mulching film is adopted, the actual ridge width is 60CM, and the film distance can be adjusted according to the row number of the planted soybeans. Quinoa is planted on two sides of the ridge surface, and the row spacing of the quinoa is about 55-60cm between the soybean seeds and the ridges;
thinning and replanting: when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings; thinning when the quinoa grows to 9-14cm, and keeping 4600 plants per mu of seedlings of the quinoa after thinning;
controlling pests and weeds, namely performing root drip irrigation on soybeans and chenopodium quinoa by using 10% phoxim emulsion in percentage by mass in 5-6 months, spraying 8L emulsion on each mu of leaves twice at intervals of 10 days, wherein the roots of the soybeans and the chenopodium quinoa penetrate into the ground by 5cm when the soybean and the chenopodium quinoa are dripped into a tank, spraying 32L aqueous solution on each mu of leaves by using 0.4% trichlorfon mixed with water in 6 months, then spraying 0.1% rhizophora-protecting solution on each mu of leaves, and performing root spray irrigation on the chenopodium quinoa by using 35L solution in each mu of leaves, wherein the spraying time interval of the trichlorfon and the rhizophora-protecting solution is 8 days;
after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
Example four
Land preparation: ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, placing the ploughed land under the sunlight for insolation for 2-3 days, then irrigating until the surface layer of the soil is obviously accumulated with water, then airing for 2-3 days, and finally applying a base fertilizer and microbial agent mixture, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 130 kg/mu, and the using amount of the microbial agent is 4 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 35 parts of urea, 12 parts of plant ash, 22 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 17 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate and 2 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the microbial agent is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to the mass ratio of 1:1:12:11:2.2:0.7:0.7: 0.7;
selecting soybeans and chenopodium quinoa seeds with the purity of more than or equal to 95% and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90%, wherein the chenopodium quinoa seeds are mixed with cooked foxtail millet and chenopodium quinoa seeds according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the seeding density is 2-3 seeds per hole of the soybeans, the soybean planting row spacing is 36CM, the row spacing of adjacent soybeans and chenopodium quinoa planting is 14CM, the soybean hole spacing is 17CM, the chenopodium quinoa seeding amount is 310 g/mu, a film-coated film side seeding technology is generally adopted during seeding, water and soil moisture are preserved, an 80CM mulching film is adopted, the actual ridge width is 60CM, and the film distance can be adjusted according to the row number of the planted soybeans. Quinoa is planted on two sides of the ridge surface, and the row spacing of the quinoa is about 55-60cm between the soybean seeds and the ridges;
thinning and replanting: when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings; thinning when the quinoa grows to 9-14cm, and keeping the seedling quantity of the quinoa to be 4800 plants per mu after thinning;
controlling pests and weeds, namely performing root drip irrigation on soybeans and chenopodium quinoa by using 10% phoxim emulsion in percentage by mass in 5-6 months, adopting 9L emulsion per mu twice at intervals of 10 days, and deeply penetrating 4-6cm underground when the emulsion is dripped, spraying 2.4% dipterex water on leaf surfaces in 6-7 months, spraying 32L aqueous solution per mu, then applying 0.1% rhizophora-protecting solution, and performing root spray irrigation on the chenopodium quinoa by using 37L solution per mu, wherein the spraying time interval of the dipterex and the rhizophora-protecting solution is 9 days;
after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
EXAMPLE five
Land preparation: ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, placing the ploughed land under the sunlight for insolation for 2-3 days, then irrigating until the surface layer of the soil is obviously accumulated with water, then airing for 2-3 days, and finally applying a base fertilizer and microbial agent mixture, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 135 kg/mu, and the using amount of the microbial agent is 4 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 40 parts of urea, 14 parts of plant ash, 27 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 18 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate and 3 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the microbial agent is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to the mass ratio of 1:1:14: 2.4:0.7:0.6: 0.75;
selecting soybeans and chenopodium quinoa seeds with the purity of more than or equal to 95 percent and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90 percent, wherein the chenopodium quinoa seeds are mixed with cooked foxtail millet and chenopodium quinoa seeds according to the mass ratio of 20:1, the seeding density is 2-3 seeds per hole of the soybeans, the soybean planting row spacing is 39CM, the row spacing of adjacent soybeans and chenopodium quinoa planting is 14CM, the soybean hole spacing is 18CM, the chenopodium quinoa seeding amount is 290 g/mu, a film-coated film side seeding technology is generally adopted during seeding, water and soil moisture are preserved, an 80CM mulching film is adopted, the actual ridge width is 60CM, and the film distance can be adjusted according to the number of rows of the planted soybeans. Quinoa is planted on two sides of the ridge surface, and the row spacing of the quinoa is about 55-60cm between the soybean seeds and the ridges;
thinning and replanting: when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings; thinning when the quinoa grows to 9-14cm, and keeping the seedling quantity per mu of the quinoa to be 5300 plants after thinning;
controlling pests and weeds, namely performing root drip irrigation on soybeans and chenopodium quinoa by using 10% phoxim emulsion in percentage by mass in 5-6 months, spraying 9L emulsion on each mu twice at intervals of 10 days, wherein the roots of the soybeans and the chenopodium quinoa penetrate 5cm underground when the soybean and the chenopodium quinoa are dripped into a tank, spraying 33L aqueous solution on each mu by using 0.45% trichlorfon mixed water in 6-7 months, then spraying 0.1% rhizophora solution, and performing root spray irrigation on the chenopodium quinoa by using 48L solution in each mu, wherein the spraying time interval of the trichlorfon and the rhizophora quinoa is 10 days;
after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
EXAMPLE six
Land preparation: ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 35cm, placing the ploughed land under the sunlight for insolation for 2-3 days, then irrigating until the surface layer of the soil is obviously accumulated with water, then airing for 2-3 days, and finally applying a base fertilizer and microbial agent mixture, wherein the using amount of the base fertilizer is 140 kg/mu, and the using amount of the microbial agent is 4 kg/mu; the base fertilizer is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 45 parts of urea, 13 parts of plant ash, 28 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 18 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 4 parts of ferrous sulfate and 2 parts of zinc sulfate, wherein the microbial agent is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to the mass ratio of 1:1:14:14:2.4:0.7:0.7: 0.76;
selecting soybeans and chenopodium quinoa seeds with the purity of more than or equal to 95% and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90%, wherein the chenopodium quinoa seeds are mixed with cooked foxtail millet and chenopodium quinoa seeds according to the mass ratio of 2:1, the seeding density is 2-3 seeds per hole of the soybeans, the soybean planting row spacing is 39CM, the row spacing of adjacent soybeans and chenopodium quinoa planting is 14CM, the soybean hole spacing is 18CM, the chenopodium quinoa seeding amount is 330 g/mu, a film-coated film side seeding technology is generally adopted during seeding, water and soil moisture are preserved, an 80CM mulching film is adopted, the actual ridge width is 60CM, and the film distance can be adjusted according to the row number of the planted soybeans. Quinoa is planted on two sides of the ridge surface, and the row spacing of the quinoa is about 55-60cm between the soybean seeds and the ridges;
thinning and replanting: when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings; thinning when the quinoa grows to 9-14cm, and keeping 5400 seedlings per mu after thinning;
controlling pests and weeds, namely performing root drip irrigation on soybeans and chenopodium quinoa by using 10% phoxim emulsion in percentage by mass in 5-6 months, spraying 9L emulsion on each mu twice at intervals of 10 days, wherein the roots of the soybeans and the chenopodium quinoa penetrate 5cm underground when the soybean and the chenopodium quinoa are dripped into a tank, spraying 34L aqueous solution on each mu by using 0.35% trichlorfon mixed water in 6-7 months, then spraying 0.1% rhizophora solution, and performing root spray irrigation on the chenopodium quinoa by using 45L solution in each mu, wherein the spraying time interval of the trichlorfon and the rhizophora quinoa is 9 days;
after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
Soybeans and quinoa are independently planted in the same land, the soybean planting density and the planting management are the same as those of the first embodiment, the quinoa planting density and the planting management are the same as those of the first embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, the fifth embodiment, the sixth embodiment, the first embodiment and the second embodiment are respectively measured as the first embodiment and the second embodiment, the plant height of the soybeans, the pod number of the soybeans per plant, the number of the panicle branches of the quinoa, the soybean hundred-grain weight, the thousand-grain weight of the quinoa, the single-plant grain weight of the quinoa and the single-plant grain weight of the soybeans are respectively measured, and the results are shown in the following table. As can be seen from the table, the plant heights of the soybeans, the plant heights of the quinoa, the numbers of individual pods of the soybeans, the number of panicle branches of the quinoa, the weight of the soybean grains, the thousand grain weight of the quinoa, the grain weight of the individual quinoa and the grain weight of the individual soybean are significantly improved in the first example, the second example, the third example, the fourth example, the fifth example and the sixth example compared with the first comparative example and the second comparative example.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. A chenopodium quinoa and soybean interplanting planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, soil preparation: ploughing, wherein the rotary tillage depth is 30-40cm, compacting is carried out once, the flat and bumpless ground is ensured, no straw or weed is caused, and finally, a base fertilizer and a microbial agent mixture are applied, wherein the use amount of the base fertilizer is 150 kg/mu, and the use amount of the microbial agent is 3-5 kg/mu;
step two, seed selection, seed dressing and sowing: sowing 300g of quinoa and 600g of fried millet together per mu, and performing drill sowing by using a small-sized millet precision sowing machine, wherein the sowing depth is 1-2cm, the row spacing is 50-60cm, and the plant spacing is 25-30 cm; 2-3 seeds are planted in each hole of the soybeans, the row spacing of the planted soybeans is 35-40cm, the row spacing of the planted adjacent soybeans and quinoa is 15-20cm, and the hole spacing of the soybeans is 15-20 cm;
step three, thinning and replanting: thinning is carried out when the quinoa grows to 9-14cm, and the seedling quantity per mu of the quinoa is 4000-6000 strains after thinning; when the soybean seedlings grow out of two leaves, performing seedling supplementing and thinning to ensure that each hole is 2 seedlings, and simultaneously removing the weak soybean seedlings and only leaving strong soybean seedlings;
fourthly, preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds, namely, preparing phoxim emulsion with the mass fraction of 10% in 6-7 months, carrying out root system drip irrigation on the quinoa and the soybeans, adopting 7-10L emulsion per mu for two times at intervals of 10 days, and deeply penetrating 4-6cm underground when the tank is dripped, adopting 0.1-0.5% of trichlorfon mixed with water for carrying out leaf surface spraying in 7-8 months, spraying 30-35L aqueous solution per mu, applying 0.1% of berbamlin solution, and sprinkling 30-50L solution per mu for carrying out root system sprinkling irrigation on the quinoa, wherein the spraying time interval of the trichlorfon and the berbamlin is 7-10 days;
and step five, after the chenopodium quinoa and the soybeans are harvested, the straws are left in the ground for composting.
2. The planting method of quinoa and soybean relay intercropping according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer in the first step is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 20-50 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of plant ash, 20-30 parts of potassium hydrogen phosphate, 15-20 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 2-4 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3-5 parts of ferrous sulfate and 2-3 parts of zinc sulfate.
3. The quinoa and soybean relay intercropping planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the first step, the microbial agent is prepared by mixing silicate bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, a silicate bacteria culture solution, a phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria culture solution, corn cob powder, zinc salt, magnesium salt and sodium salt according to a mass ratio of 1:1:10-15:10-15:2-2.5:0.5-0.8:0.5-0.8: 0.5-0.8.
4. The growing method of quinoa and soybean relay intercropping of claim 1, wherein the seed selection requirement in step two includes purity of 95% or more and germination percentage of 90% or more.
5. The planting method of quinoa and soybean interplanting in claim 1, wherein in the second step, when quinoa is sowed, the seeds are mixed with sand, and the mass ratio of the sand to the quinoa is 50: 1.
6. The growing method of quinoa and soybean interplanting method according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, the spraying amount of boron fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer and zinc fertilizer is 10-15L/mu, and the weather of cloudy weather is selected.
7. The growing method of quinoa and soybean relay intercropping according to claim 6, wherein in the fifth step, the boron fertilizer is boric acid solution with a mass fraction of 0.1-0.5%, the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate solution with a mass fraction of 0.02-0.05%, and the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate solution with a mass fraction of 0.05-0.2%.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potash fertilizer in the step five is 0.1-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and 100-110L are sprayed on each mu of land.
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