CN111466243A - Method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and plutella xylostella of Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce by intercropping of Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce - Google Patents
Method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and plutella xylostella of Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce by intercropping of Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce Download PDFInfo
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- CN111466243A CN111466243A CN202010442100.5A CN202010442100A CN111466243A CN 111466243 A CN111466243 A CN 111466243A CN 202010442100 A CN202010442100 A CN 202010442100A CN 111466243 A CN111466243 A CN 111466243A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths by intercropping of Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce, and belongs to the field of modern pollution-free agricultural pest control. According to the invention, the cabbages and the leaf lettuce are intercropped and grow at intervals, the growth habit difference of the cabbages and the leaf lettuce is utilized, the leaf lettuce has a special pungent smell and can drive pests, the insect pests are fewer, the growth environment of the leaf lettuce is utilized to improve the internal environment of the soil near the root of the pine pollen, the insect pests of the cabbages can be effectively reduced, the cabbage caterpillars are reduced, the plutella xylostella is reduced, and the occurrence of other various insect pests is obviously reduced, so that the pesticide pollution can be reduced, the agricultural insect killing cost is reduced, the yield and the quality of the pine pollen are improved, and the requirements on green, safety and health are completely met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural pest control, and particularly relates to a method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and plutella xylostella by intercropping of Songhua fig and leaf lettuce.
Technical Field
The broccoli is a variety of brassica oleracea in brassica of cruciferae, and is popular with the masses due to good taste and rich nutrition. With the development of large-scale planting, the occurrence of the pine pollen vegetable pests is increasingly serious, and the pine pollen vegetable pests are mainly harmed by pests such as cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths. At present, the pest control of the piny flower vegetable is mainly carried out by chemical pesticides, the problems of pest drug resistance, pesticide residue exceeding standard and the like are easily caused by long-term use of the chemical pesticides, the pest control difficulty is increased, and the quality of the piny flower vegetable is reduced.
The leaf lettuce is a variety of leaf lettuce of the genus Lactuca of the family Compositae, has strong adaptability, short growth cycle, high yield, rich nutrition and fragrant taste, is favored by consumers, and is an excellent vegetable variety for improving multiple cropping index, increasing yield per unit area and improving economic benefit.
The invention aims at the technical problem of quality reduction caused by excessive application of chemical pesticides for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths in the planting process of broccoli, and provides a method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and plutella xylostella by intercropping between Songhua fig and leaf lettuce. The method can utilize the special smell of the leaf lettuce to drive cabbage caterpillars and diamond back moths, effectively prevent and control insect pests, can utilize the planting gaps of the leaf lettuce, increase the utilization rate of soil, inhibit weeds in the field, effectively utilize water, fertilizer and gas heat resources, and fill the blank of the intercropping composite cultivation technology in the technology of preventing and controlling the insect pests of the leaf lettuce.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths by intercropping between Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce comprises the following steps:
1. land preparation and fertilization:
applying 400-600 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, N: P2O5:K235-45 kg of compound fertilizer with the ratio of O to O being 15:15:15, broadcasting, turning over, leveling, well arranging and irrigating ditches and ridging; preferably, 500kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to each mu, N is P2O5:K240kg of compound fertilizer with the ratio of O to O being 15:15: 15;
2. and (3) raising seedlings of the pine flowers:
2.1 variety selection: selecting a new disease-resistant variety with excellent commodity character and good taste;
2.2 seed disinfection: soaking the seeds in warm water of 55-60 ℃, continuously stirring in one direction to uniformly heat the seeds, and keeping the constant temperature for 25-40 min (preferably, keeping the constant temperature for 30 min); rinsing the seeds in clear water, distinguishing the seeds on the upper layer from the seeds on the lower layer, and multicasting a plurality of seeds on the upper layer during seedling culture;
2.3 seed germination acceleration: after the seeds are disinfected, wrapping the seeds with disinfected gauze or towel, placing the seeds in a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-3d, spraying clear water on the surfaces of the seeds every day, and observing the germination condition of the seeds;
2.4 sowing: sowing after all seeds are exposed, selecting a plug tray for seedling culture, fully wetting and uniformly stirring a substrate before seedling culture, sowing 1 seed in each plug hole on the lower layer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each plug hole on the upper layer, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-25 ℃ at night during seedling culture, and planting when 5-6 true leaves grow;
2.5 preparation before planting: 2-3 days before planting, spraying 1000 times of hymexazol to the seedlings to prevent damping-off and damping-off;
3. and (3) leaf lettuce seedling culture:
3.1 seed selection: selecting a variety with excellent insect resistance, disease resistance, heat resistance and bolting resistance;
3.2 seed pretreatment: the seeds do not sprout at the temperature higher than 25 ℃ or lower than 8 ℃, the seeds are firstly soaked in water for one night, taken out and drained, wrapped by gauze and placed in a constant temperature box at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, washed once by clear water every day, and ready to be sowed in a hole tray after the sixty-seven seeds sprout.
3.3 sowing: before sowing, thoroughly watering the matrix with clear water, then putting the seeds which are accelerated to germinate into holes of a seedling tray, covering the matrix, scraping, watering to ensure that the water content of the matrix on the surface is 50-60%, laminating, preserving heat and moisture, and planting after 4-7 true leaves grow out from the seedlings;
3.4 preparation before planting: 2-3 days before planting, spraying 1000 times of hymexazol to the seedlings to prevent damping-off and damping-off;
4. intercropping mode planting of the broccoli and the leaf lettuce:
4.1 field planting of the preserved vegetables: performing field planting according to 2500-3500 plants per mu, selecting a cloudy day or a fine day for field planting in the afternoon, and watering enough root fixing water immediately after the field planting is finished;
4.2 field planting of leaf lettuce: performing field planting according to 8000-;
5, nutrient management:
after living plants are planted, compound fertilizers are applied for 1 time 15:15:15 respectively at the early stage of rosette leaf formation and at the bud emergence, and the application amount is 8-12 kg/mu (preferably 10 kg/mu).
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 4, in the field planting of the rape and leaf lettuce in an intercropping mode, the intercropping mode is that the ridge width of the rape and leaf lettuce is 80cm, the double-row planting is carried out, the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 40cm, the distance between the rape and leaf lettuce is 10cm, the planting mode is that the rape and leaf lettuce are planted on two sides of a ridge, the field planting density of the rape and leaf lettuce is 10cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the rape and leaf lettuce are planted on the ridge.
As an optimal technical scheme, in the step 4, in the intercropping mode field planting of the lettuces and the leaf lettuce, the leaf lettuce is firstly fixed and planted, and the field planting of the leaf lettuce is carried out 10 days after the leaf lettuce is fixedly planted in spring.
Further preferably, in the soil preparation and fertilization in the step 1, the ridge height of the ridge forming is 30 cm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the existing prevention and control technology for cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths, the method for intercropping cabbage and leaf lettuce can effectively prevent and control the quantity of cabbage caterpillars and leaf moths, reduce the application amount of pesticides, effectively utilize the planting gaps of the cabbage flowers, increase the utilization rate of soil, effectively inhibit field weeds of the cabbage flowers, increase the supply of the leaf lettuce and promote income increase of farmers under the condition of not influencing the growth of the cabbage flowers.
Detailed Description
The following specific embodiment can illustrate the operation method of the present invention, and can be compared with the conventional planting mode to reveal the effect of the present invention.
Example 1 method for intercropping Songhua vegetable and leaf lettuce to prevent and control cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths
1. Land preparation and fertilization:
applying 500kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, N: P2O5:K240kg of compound fertilizer with the ratio of O to O being 15:15:15, broadcasting, turning over, leveling, well arranging and irrigating ditches, ridging and ridge height being 30 cm;
2. and (3) raising seedlings of the pine flowers:
2.1 variety selection: selecting a new disease-resistant variety with excellent commodity character and good taste;
2.2 seed disinfection: soaking the seeds in 55-60 deg.C warm water, and stirring continuously in one direction to uniformly heat the seeds, and keeping constant temperature for 30 min; rinsing the seeds in clear water, distinguishing the seeds on the upper layer from the seeds on the lower layer, and multicasting a plurality of seeds on the upper layer during seedling culture;
2.3 seed germination acceleration: after the seeds are disinfected, wrapping the seeds with disinfected gauze or towel, placing the seeds in a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-3d, spraying clear water on the surfaces of the seeds every day, and observing the germination condition of the seeds;
2.4 sowing: sowing after all seeds are exposed, selecting a plug tray for seedling culture, fully wetting and uniformly stirring a substrate before seedling culture, sowing 1 seed in each plug hole on the lower layer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each plug hole on the upper layer, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-25 ℃ at night during seedling culture, and transplanting and field planting when 5-6 true leaves grow;
2.5 preparation before planting: 2-3 days before planting, spraying 1000 times of hymexazol to the seedlings to prevent damping-off and damping-off;
3. and (3) leaf lettuce seedling culture:
3.1 seed selection: selecting a variety with excellent insect resistance, disease resistance, heat resistance and bolting resistance;
3.2 seed pretreatment: the seeds do not sprout at the temperature higher than 25 ℃ or lower than 8 ℃, the seeds are firstly soaked in water for one night, taken out and drained, wrapped by gauze and placed in a constant temperature box at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, washed once by clear water every day, and ready to be sowed in a hole tray after the sixty-seven seeds sprout.
3.3 sowing: before sowing, thoroughly watering the matrix with clear water, then putting the seeds which are accelerated to germinate into holes of a seedling tray, covering the matrix, scraping, watering to ensure that the water content of the matrix on the surface is 50-60%, laminating, preserving heat and moisture, and planting after 4-7 true leaves grow out from the seedlings;
3.4 preparation before planting: 2-3 days before planting, spraying 1000 times of hymexazol to the seedlings to prevent damping-off and damping-off;
4. intercropping mode planting of the broccoli and the leaf lettuce:
4.1 field planting of the preserved vegetables: performing field planting according to 2500-3500 plants per mu, selecting a cloudy day or a fine day for field planting in the afternoon, and watering enough root fixing water immediately after the field planting is finished;
4.2 field planting of leaf lettuce: performing field planting according to 8000-;
the intercropping mode is that the ridge width of the pine pollen vegetable is 80cm, the pine pollen vegetable is planted in double rows, the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 40cm, and the distance between the leaf lettuce and the pine pollen vegetable is 10cm, the leaf lettuce is planted on two sides of a ridge in the planting mode, the planting density of the leaf lettuce is 10cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the pine pollen vegetable is planted on the ridge.
The leaf lettuce is planted firstly, and the field planting of the broccoli is carried out 10 days after the leaf lettuce is planted in spring.
5, nutrient management:
after the living plants are planted, compound fertilizers (15:15:15) are applied for 1 time respectively at the early stage of rosette leaf formation and at the bud emergence, and the application amount is 10 kg/mu each time.
The agricultural prevention and control mainly comprises the steps of selecting a variety with targeted resistance, cultivating strong seedlings and arranging proper transplanting time; and (3) selecting an organic fertilizer which is completely decomposed and has no odor, and scientifically fertilizing. In the method, the lettuce has extremely strong adaptability to the environment, contains the lactucin and can emit special smell to achieve the effect of repelling pests, so that the lettuce can be utilized to play a role in preventing and controlling the peripheral vegetables, thereby reducing the application of chemical pesticides.
1. Test site: test ofThe ground is arranged in a greenhouse of a science and technology park of vegetable science research institute in Nanjing (N31)°43′19″，E118°46′12″). The soil is yellow brown soil, and the basic properties are as follows: pH 6.35, organic matter 39.56 g.kg-1Quick-acting nitrogen 196.36 mg/kg-1Quick-acting phosphorus 137.67 mg/kg-1Quick-acting potassium 289.43 mg/kg-1。
2. And (3) experimental design: the experiment was set up with two treatments in total, namely:
treatment 1: single seed of Songhua vegetable
And (3) treatment 2: planting broccoli and leaf lettuce
The 65 varieties of the pinus are selected as the pinus products, the varieties grow fast, have large plant shapes, are heat-resistant and moisture-resistant, are newly bred excellent green stalk hybrid varieties, have good cauliflower quality, are flat and attractive in spherical shape, are large in ball-shaped cedar, have shallow green stalks of bud branches, are soft in inner quality, are sweet, crisp and delicious; the variety of the leaf lettuce is Thailand Sijixiang, and the variety has the advantages of vigorous growth, plant height of about 30cm, spread degree of 25 cm, needle-shaped leaf wrapping, green oil, thick transverse diameter, attractive vegetable shape and no spots. Has strong disease resistance and can be planted all the year round. Less fiber, crisp taste, fragrant rice type fragrance and excellent quality.
Soaking and sprouting the pine pollen vegetables 1-10 days in 3.2019 years, sowing and raising seedlings 13 days, transplanting when 5-6 true leaves grow, field planting for 3-30 days in 2019 years, and customizing the density to be 50cm in row spacing and 40cm in plant spacing; the leaf lettuce is soaked in the seeds for accelerating germination in 2019, 1 month and 20 days, the seeds are sown and cultured in 23 days in 1 month, the seedlings grow to 4-7 true leaves and are transplanted, the planting time is 2019, 3 months and 20 days, the distance between the leaf lettuce and the pine flower vegetable is 10cm, the planting mode is that the leaf lettuce is planted on two sides of a ridge, and the planting density is 10cm in row spacing and 10cm in plant spacing. Counting the number of the cabbage caterpillars and the diamondback moths every 10 days from 4 months and 10 days.
4. Statistics of the number of differently treated cabbage caterpillars and diamondback moths
The above table shows the statistical results of the numbers of the differently processed broccoli caterpillars and diamondback moths in the test, and it can be known from the table that the numbers of the cabbage caterpillars and the diamondback moths are increased with the increase of the planting time in the conventional planting process, and reach the highest value in about 5 months and 20 days; in the intercropping treatment of the broccoli and the leaf lettuce, the number of the cabbage caterpillars and the diamondback moths is lower than that of the conventional planting in each statistical time.
According to the embodiment, the method for intercropping the cabbages and the leaf lettuce can increase the soil utilization rate by using the idle time before harvesting the cabbages, can also drive the cabbage caterpillars and the diamond back moths of the cabbages by using the special smell of the cabbages, effectively reduces the quantity of the cabbages, effectively inhibits the weeds in the pepper field, effectively utilizes the light and warm soil resources, promotes the space enrichment planting of the cabbages, and increases the leaf vegetable supply and the income of farmers under the condition of not influencing the planting of the cabbages.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preventing and controlling cabbage caterpillars and plutella xylostella of Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce by intercropping of Songhua vegetables and leaf lettuce is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. land preparation and fertilization:
applying 400-600 kg of commercial organic fertilizer per mu, N: P2O5:K235-45 kg of compound fertilizer with the ratio of O to O being 15:15:15, broadcasting, turning over, leveling, well arranging and irrigating ditches and ridging;
2. and (3) raising seedlings of the pine flowers:
2.1 variety selection: selecting a new disease-resistant variety with excellent commodity character and good taste;
2.2 seed disinfection: soaking the seeds in warm water of 55-60 ℃, continuously stirring in one direction to uniformly heat the seeds, and keeping the constant temperature for 25-40 min; rinsing the seeds in clear water, and distinguishing the seeds on the upper layer from the seeds on the lower layer;
2.3 seed germination acceleration: after the seeds are disinfected, wrapping the seeds with disinfected gauze or towel, placing the seeds in a seed germination box at 25-30 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-3d, spraying clear water on the surfaces of the seeds every day, and observing the germination condition of the seeds;
2.4 sowing: sowing after all seeds are exposed, selecting a plug tray for seedling culture, fully wetting and uniformly stirring a substrate before seedling culture, sowing 1 seed in each plug hole on the lower layer, sowing 2-3 seeds in each plug hole on the upper layer, controlling the temperature at 20-30 ℃ in the daytime and 15-25 ℃ at night during seedling culture, and planting when 5-6 true leaves grow;
2.5 preparation before planting: 2-3 days before planting, spraying 1000 times of hymexazol to the seedlings to prevent damping-off and damping-off;
3. and (3) leaf lettuce seedling culture:
3.1 seed selection: selecting a variety with excellent insect resistance, disease resistance, heat resistance and bolting resistance;
3.2 seed pretreatment: the seeds do not sprout at the temperature higher than 25 ℃ or lower than 8 ℃, the seeds are firstly soaked in water for one night, taken out and drained, wrapped by gauze and placed in a constant temperature box at the temperature of 15-20 ℃, washed once by clear water every day, and ready to be sowed in a hole tray after the sixty-seven seeds sprout.
3.3 sowing: before sowing, thoroughly watering the matrix with clear water, then putting the seeds which are accelerated to germinate into holes of a seedling tray, covering the matrix, scraping, watering to ensure that the water content of the matrix on the surface is 50-60%, laminating, preserving heat and moisture, and planting after 4-7 true leaves grow out from the seedlings;
3.4 preparation before planting: 2-3 days before planting, spraying 1000 times of hymexazol to the seedlings to prevent damping-off and damping-off;
4. intercropping mode planting of the broccoli and the leaf lettuce:
4.1 field planting of the preserved vegetables: performing field planting according to 2500-3500 plants per mu, selecting a cloudy day or a fine day for field planting in the afternoon, and watering enough root fixing water immediately after the field planting is finished;
4.2 field planting of leaf lettuce: performing field planting according to 8000-;
5, nutrient management:
after living plants are planted, compound fertilizers are applied for 1 time respectively at the early stage of formation of rosette leaves and in the bud emergence, wherein the application amount is 8-12 kg/mu each time.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 4, the lettuce and Chinese lettuce intercropping mode planting is carried out, wherein the intercropping mode is that the Chinese lettuce is planted at the two sides of the ridge in a mode that the Chinese cabbage is planted at the ridge width of 80cm, the Chinese cabbage is planted at the two rows in a mode that the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 40cm, the Chinese cabbage is planted at the row spacing of 10cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and the Chinese cabbage is planted at the ridge.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the lettuce intercropping mode planting is performed by planting lettuce firstly and then planting the lettuce in spring 10 days after planting.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1 land preparation fertilization, the ridge height of the ridging is 30 cm.
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