CN111455382B - Automatic electric spark deposition device and method based on contact force feedback control - Google Patents

Automatic electric spark deposition device and method based on contact force feedback control Download PDF

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CN111455382B
CN111455382B CN202010271342.2A CN202010271342A CN111455382B CN 111455382 B CN111455382 B CN 111455382B CN 202010271342 A CN202010271342 A CN 202010271342A CN 111455382 B CN111455382 B CN 111455382B
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axis
deposition
workpiece
electrode
contact
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CN111455382A (en
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连勇
张津
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C23C26/02—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00 applying molten material to the substrate

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses an electric spark automatic deposition device and method based on contact force feedback control, and belongs to the field of material surface engineering. Tong (Chinese character of 'tong')The contact force feedback control mechanism monitors the acting force of the electrode and the surface of the workpiece, and feeds back and adjusts the position of the electrode to adjust the contact state of the electrode and the surface of the workpiece. The contact force feedback control mechanism consists of a pressure controller with a feedback output signal function, a pressure sensor, a Z1The moving shaft, the driver, the pressure sensor real-time monitoring fixing clamp and the Z1Moving the acting force between the shaft sliders, connecting with a pressure controller, and moving the oscilloscope to Z direction according to the preset acting force target value and the detected real-time acting force1The driver of the movement axis sends out a driving signal to drive Z1The motion axis produces a compensating displacement. The device and the method provided by the invention can solve the problem of automatic compensation of electrode consumption in the electric spark deposition process, and the contact force feedback control mechanism is assembled on the Z axis of the three-dimensional motion platform to realize numerical control automatic continuous deposition of the coating.

Description

Automatic electric spark deposition device and method based on contact force feedback control
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric spark automatic deposition device and method based on contact force feedback control, and belongs to the field of material surface engineering.
Background
The spark deposition is carried out by storing electric energy by capacitor, forming high-frequency pulse micro-arc discharge (10) between base material (cathode) and electrode (anode)-6～10-5s) ionizing the gas between the substrate and the electrode to form a transient channel, and the electrode material migrates to the surface of the substrate under the action of the electric field and forms a continuous coating through the movement of the electrode. The heat input of electric spark deposition is small, and the heat affected zone and deformation of the workpiece are small; the deposited coating and the substrate are metallurgically fused, and the bonding strength is high; the electrode material which is instantaneously melted at high temperature and locally by the electric spark is rapidly cooled on the surface of the workpiece, and favorable conditions are created for the formation of amorphous and nanocrystalline. The electric spark deposition process does not produce toxic and environment-polluting substances, is favorable for sustainable development, and is a surface engineering modification technology with wide development prospect.
For a long time, the electric spark deposition is carried out by manual operation, the processing quality and speed directly depend on the level and experience of operators, and the uniformity of the coating and the consistency of mass production cannot be ensured. The deposition efficiency is low, the operation is random and irreproducible, the coating quality is difficult to control, and the adoption of an automatic electric spark deposition system is a necessary development direction. The requirement of electric spark deposition on the contact state of an electrode and a base material is high, the electric spark discharge process is directly influenced by the contact state between the electrode and the base during the electric spark deposition, the electrode material is continuously lost in the electric spark deposition process, gap change between a rotating electrode and a workpiece can be caused, when the electrode is consumed to a certain degree, namely the distance between the electrode and the surface of the workpiece is larger than a discharge gap, gap discharge cannot be formed between the electrode and the surface of the workpiece, so that the electric spark deposition work cannot be continuously carried out, and when the contact force is large, direct conduction between the electrode and the base material can be realized without generating electric spark discharge. Therefore, the control problem of the contact force between the electrode and the matrix must be solved to realize the automatic electric spark deposition. The invention provides an electric spark automatic deposition device and method based on contact force feedback control, wherein when the automatic operation of electric spark deposition is carried out, an electrode can be subjected to self-adaptive adjustment according to the surface of a deposition workpiece, so that continuous automatic deposition is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an automatic electric spark deposition device and method based on contact force feedback control.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an electric spark automatic deposition device based on contact force feedback control, includes electric spark deposition power, deposition gun, three-dimensional motion platform and contact force feedback control mechanism, its characterized in that:
the three-dimensional motion platform consists of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis, a deposition platform capable of clamping a workpiece to be deposited is arranged on the three-dimensional motion platform, and the motion of the deposition platform in a plane is controlled by motion drivers of the X axis and the Y axis;
the contact force feedback control mechanism consists of a pressure controller with a function of feeding back and outputting a signal, a pressure sensor and a Z1A motion shaft and a driver; z1The motion axis is assembled on the Z axis of the three-dimensional motion platform; the pressure sensor is arranged on the fixed clamp and Z1The moving shaft sliding block supports are connected with a pressure controller, and the fixing clamp and the Z are monitored in real time1Sliding block for moving shaftThe oscilloscope moves to Z direction according to the preset acting force target value and the detected real-time acting force1The driver of the movement axis sends out a driving signal to drive Z1The motion axis generates compensation displacement;
the deposition gun is fixed at Z through a fixing clamp1On the slide block support of the moving shaft, one end of the deposition gun is provided with an electrode, and the other end is connected with an electric spark deposition power supply.
An automatic electric spark deposition method adopting the device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) z of contact force feedback control mechanism1The motion axis is assembled on the Z axis of the three-dimensional motion platform, and the deposition gun is fixed through a fixing clamp;
2) clamping a workpiece to be deposited on a deposition platform, connecting a positive electrode output line of an electric spark deposition power supply with a deposition gun, and connecting a negative electrode output line with the workpiece to be deposited;
3) will be placed between a fixed clamp and Z1The pressure sensor between the moving shaft and the sliding block support is connected with the input end of a pressure controller, and the signal output port of the pressure controller is connected with a control Z1The drivers of the motion shafts are connected;
4) designing a three-dimensional relative motion track of a deposition gun and a deposition platform according to the three-dimensional appearance of the surface of a workpiece to be deposited, and setting a three-dimensional motion platform motion program;
5) turning on an electric spark deposition power supply, starting a contact force feedback control mechanism, and setting an acting force target value;
6) and carrying out automatic deposition on the surface of the workpiece to be deposited under the control of a three-dimensional motion platform motion program.
The technical solution of the present invention is explained below:
the existing three-dimensional motion control and the electric spark deposition technology are combined, and the electric spark deposition gun is carried on a three-dimensional motion platform, so that the mechanical automatic deposition under the CNC control of a plane and a curved surface can be realized. The electric spark deposition has high requirement on the contact state of an electrode and a base material, when the contact force is large, the electrode and the base material are directly conducted without generating spark discharge, and when the contact force is small, if the loss of the electrode material in the deposition process causes the increase of the gap between a rotating electrode and a workpiece, the gap discharge between the electrode and the workpiece surface cannot be formed because the distance between the electrode and the workpiece surface is larger than the discharge gap, so that the electric spark deposition work cannot be continued, and only the coating deposition in a very small range can be realized.
When the deposition gun works, the rotating motor in the deposition gun needs to rotate at a high speed to drive the front electrode to rotate, so that the force sensor cannot be directly arranged at the deposition gun and the electrode end to measure the contact force of the electrode; the shape and the weight of the deposited workpiece are not fixed at the workpiece end, and the workpiece needs to be fixed and the platform ensures that the workpiece does not move in the deposition process to cause the coordinate change of the workpiece, so that the force measuring sensor cannot be directly arranged at the workpiece end to measure the contact force between the workpiece and the electrode.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that a contact force feedback control mechanism shown in figure 1 is additionally arranged on the Z axis of the existing three-dimensional motion platform to realize the control of the contact force between an electrode and a workpiece, and the fixed clamp and the Z for clamping a deposition gun are measured1The contact force F between the electrode and the workpiece is controlled by the acting force F between the slide blocks of the moving shaftContact withWhen the contact force between the electrode and the workpiece is FContact withIncreasing the corresponding force F and decreasing the contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact withThe corresponding force F increases when decreasing. Placing a pressure sensor between a fixture and Z1Fixing clamp and Z are monitored in real time between moving shaft sliding block supports during deposition operation1Moving the force between the shaft sliders and generating a feedback signal to drive Z via a pressure controller1The motion axis generates compensation action, so that the self-adaptive adjustment of the contact state between the electrode and the workpiece can be realized. FIG. 2 shows a fixture and Z for holding a deposition gun according to the invention1The acting force between the moving shaft slide blocks realizes a logic diagram of contact force feedback control of the electrode and the surface of the workpiece. The real-time acting force is transmitted to a pressure controller by a pressure sensor according to a preset acting force target value, the acting force is compared with the target value by the pressure controller, and when the acting force is the target value, a feedback signal is not sent out; when the force is higher than the target value, the real-time contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact withSmaller, pressure controller sends out Z1The motion axis drives the Z-axis by a driver1The moving axis drives the motor to rotate forward, Z1The moving axis goes down to increase the contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact with(ii) a When the force is lower than the target value, the real-time contact force F between the electrode and the workpiece is generatedContact withLarger, the pressure controller sends out Z1Up-drive signal of moving axis, driving Z by driver1The moving axis drives the motor to rotate forward, Z1The moving axis goes down to reduce the contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact with。Z1When feedback action is made, the pressure sensor transmits the real-time acting force to the pressure controller, and the pressure controller sends out an excitation signal to drive the Z by comparing the real-time acting force with a target value1And a feedback action is carried out, so that the feedback control of the contact force between the electrode and the workpiece is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a contact force feedback control mechanism of the present invention;
labeled as: fixing clamp 1, deposition gun 2, electrode 3, pressure sensor 4, slide block support 5, pressure controller 6, excitation signal 7, driver 8 and Z1 A motion shaft 9, a base 10;
FIG. 2 shows a fixture for holding a deposition gun according to the measurement and Z1The acting force between the moving shaft slide blocks realizes a logic diagram of contact force feedback control of the electrode and the surface of the workpiece.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Z of contact force feedback control mechanism1The motion axis is assembled on the Z axis of the three-dimensional motion platform, and the deposition gun is fixed through a fixing clamp; clamping a 45# steel plate-shaped workpiece to be deposited on a deposition platform by adopting a marketAn anode output line of the ESD 300 type electric spark deposition power supply is connected with a deposition gun, and a cathode output line is connected with a workpiece to be deposited; will be placed between a fixed clamp and Z1The pressure sensor between the slide block supports of the moving shaft is connected with the input end of a pressure controller, and the signal output port of the pressure controller is connected with a control Z1The drivers of the motion shafts are connected; designing a three-dimensional relative motion track of a deposition gun and a deposition platform according to a three-dimensional drawing of a workpiece to be deposited, and setting a three-dimensional motion platform motion program; turning on an electric spark deposition power supply, starting a contact force feedback control mechanism, and setting the target value of the acting force to be 5N; and (3) carrying out automatic deposition on the surface of the workpiece to be deposited under the control of a three-dimensional motion platform motion program, and finally obtaining a deposition sample with the size of 15cm multiplied by 15cm on the surface of 45# steel.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (2)

1. The utility model provides an electric spark automatic deposition device based on contact force feedback control, includes electric spark deposition power, deposition gun (2), three-dimensional motion platform and contact force feedback control mechanism, its characterized in that:
the three-dimensional motion platform consists of an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis, a deposition platform capable of clamping a workpiece to be deposited is arranged on the three-dimensional motion platform, and the motion of the deposition platform in a plane is controlled by motion drivers of the X axis and the Y axis;
the contact force feedback control mechanism consists of a pressure controller (6) with a feedback output signal function, a pressure sensor (4) and a Z1A moving shaft (9) and a driver (8); z1The motion axis is assembled on the Z axis of the three-dimensional motion platform; the pressure sensor (4) is arranged between the fixed clamp and the Z1A moving shaft (9) is arranged between the sliding block supports (5) and is connected with a pressure controller (6), and a fixing clamp and a Z are monitored in real time1Acting force between the sliding blocks of the moving shaft (9)The oscilloscope moves to Z according to a preset acting force target value and the detected real-time acting force1The driver of the movement axis sends out a driving signal to drive Z1The motion axis generates compensation displacement;
the deposition gun (2) is fixed at Z through a fixing clamp (1)1On a sliding block support (5) of the moving shaft, one end of a deposition gun (2) is provided with an electrode (3), and the other end is connected with an electric spark deposition power supply;
the pressure sensor (4) transmits the real-time acting force to the pressure controller (6), the pressure controller (6) compares the acting force with a target value, and when the acting force is taken as the target value, a feedback signal is not sent out; when the force is higher than the target value, the real-time contact force F between the electrode (3) and the workpiece is generatedContact withSmaller, the pressure controller (6) sends out Z1The motion axis goes down to excite signal, and drives Z through a driver (8)1The moving shaft (9) drives the motor to rotate forwards, Z1The moving shaft (9) moves downwards to increase the contact force F between the electrode (3) and the workpieceContact with(ii) a When the force is lower than the target value, the real-time contact force F between the electrode (3) and the workpiece is presentContact withLarger, the pressure controller (6) sends out Z1The motion axis up-going excitation signal drives Z through a driver (8)1The moving shaft (9) drives the motor to rotate forwards, Z1The moving shaft (9) moves downwards to reduce the contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact with。
2. An automatic electric spark deposition method using the device of claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
1) z of contact force feedback control mechanism1The motion axis is assembled on the Z axis of the three-dimensional motion platform, and the deposition gun is fixed through a fixing clamp;
2) clamping a workpiece to be deposited on a deposition platform, connecting a positive electrode output line of an electric spark deposition power supply with a deposition gun, and connecting a negative electrode output line with the workpiece to be deposited;
3) will be placed between a fixed clamp and Z1The pressure sensor between the moving shaft and the sliding block support is connected with the input end of a pressure controller, and the signal output port of the pressure controller is connected with a control Z1Drive connection of a moving shaft；
4) Designing a three-dimensional relative motion track of a deposition gun and a deposition platform according to the three-dimensional appearance of the surface of a workpiece to be deposited, and setting a three-dimensional motion platform motion program;
5) turning on an electric spark deposition power supply, starting a contact force feedback control mechanism, and setting an acting force target value;
6) carrying out automatic deposition on the surface of the workpiece to be deposited under the control of a three-dimensional motion platform motion program;
the pressure sensor transmits the real-time acting force to the pressure controller, the pressure controller compares the acting force with a target value, and when the acting force is taken as the target value, a feedback signal is not sent out; when the force is higher than the target value, the real-time contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact withSmaller, pressure controller sends out Z1The motion axis drives the Z-axis by a driver1The moving axis drives the motor to rotate forward, Z1The moving axis goes down to increase the contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact with(ii) a When the force is lower than the target value, the real-time contact force F between the electrode and the workpiece is generatedContact withLarger, the pressure controller sends out Z1Up-drive signal of moving axis, driving Z by driver1The moving axis drives the motor to rotate forward, Z1The moving axis goes down to reduce the contact force F between the electrode and the workpieceContact with。
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102226280A (en) * 2011-06-13 2011-10-26 天津职业技术师范大学 Automatic electro-spark deposition system
CN103008807A (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-04-03 上海交通大学 Electrochemical discharge machining device and method based on force feedback control feeding system
CN103243288A (en) * 2013-05-07 2013-08-14 常州大学 Automatic double-Z-axis electric spark deposition device and method
CN105033374A (en) * 2015-08-17 2015-11-11 江苏大学 Magnetic feeding type electrolysis electric spark combined machining method and device
CN110814447A (en) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-21 北京科技大学 Automatic electric spark deposition device and method based on discharge signal feedback control

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102226280A (en) * 2011-06-13 2011-10-26 天津职业技术师范大学 Automatic electro-spark deposition system
CN103008807A (en) * 2012-11-27 2013-04-03 上海交通大学 Electrochemical discharge machining device and method based on force feedback control feeding system
CN103243288A (en) * 2013-05-07 2013-08-14 常州大学 Automatic double-Z-axis electric spark deposition device and method
CN105033374A (en) * 2015-08-17 2015-11-11 江苏大学 Magnetic feeding type electrolysis electric spark combined machining method and device
CN110814447A (en) * 2019-10-24 2020-02-21 北京科技大学 Automatic electric spark deposition device and method based on discharge signal feedback control

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